Articles tagged with Cellular Processes
Researchers at Ohio State University discovered how bacterial toxin ACD cripples cellular infrastructure by modifying actin protein, affecting muscle contraction, cell division, and immune response. The study could lead to better tactics to fight antibiotic-resistant bugs.
Researchers at Duke University have developed a strategy that delays blindness in mice with retinal degeneration by boosting cells' ability to process misfolded proteins. The approach could potentially be used to prevent cell death in other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's and Parkinson's.
Researchers discover an unusual cell-death process in microscopic worms, where the dying cell breaks apart and is gradually removed by other cells. The study sheds new light on how phagocytes, the body's vacuum cleaners, work.
Researchers found that autophagy proteins are responsible for triggering autoimmune processes in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Genetic switch-off of ATG5 protein reduced pathological T cell levels and inflammation in the central nervous system, suggesting its role in disease progression.
Hybrid experimental platforms combine microscopes and software to interface living cells with control algorithms in real-time. Researchers can create new and easily reconfigurable cellular behaviors using external control of living tissue.
A team of researchers found that endoreduplication, a process promoting cellular enlargement, occurs randomly and contributes to cell size variation. The study's mathematical model successfully reproduced experimental dynamics, revealing exponential boosting as the mechanism behind cell size determination.
Researchers at University of Basel developed a new method to measure RNA molecule half-life, revealing most RNAs are short-lived, living less than 2 minutes. This challenges conventional methods and underlines importance of accurate measurements for cell cycle studies.
The study revealed how Mis18 protein complex controls the accumulation of CENP-A, a protein that collects at the site where chromosomes connect and divide. Researchers determined the molecular mass of constituent proteins to form a functional Mis18 complex, shedding light on its assembly process.
Colorado State University scientists have shed light on the relationship between cell membranes and cortical actin cytoskeletons. They used superresolution imaging to visualize proteins on the cell surface, revealing sophisticated patterns of movement that are directly caused by the fractal nature of the actin network.
A study by Duke Health researchers has identified a shared root cause of Huntington's disease with Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. The team found that a biochemical explanation for the breakdown of quality control processes in Huntington's disease, which can be restored by chemically inhibiting CK2, holds promise for ...
In vivo reprogramming induces signs of telomere rejuvenation, reversing aging's hallmark: short telomeres. The process involves telomerase activation and elongation, similar to early stages of tumor development.
Scientists at the University of Bonn have successfully observed an important cell protein in action using a novel method that measures structural changes within complex molecules. This breakthrough allows researchers to elucidate cellular processes in their natural environment.
Researchers developed a way to integrate multiple big data sets from biology to understand cellular processes, discovering new regularities and biological consistencies. The study found pause sites dictate protein structure and folding, providing insights into cancer biology.
The discovery of POLD3's critical role in DNA replication reveals its necessity for both tumor and healthy cells, casting doubt on its use as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. The study used genetic engineering to eliminate the gene in mice, showing its essential function in cell division and survival.
Researchers at Northwestern University discovered that DNA naturally fluoresces under certain conditions, allowing for label-free super-resolution imaging without the need for toxic fluorescent stains. This breakthrough could revolutionize the understanding of biological processes by providing more accurate images of living cells.
Scientists have dissected the autophagy process in unprecedented molecular detail using live imaging and super resolution microscopy. The study reveals how the first autophagy structure forms and clarifies protein and membrane associations leading to its development into a fully-fledged autophagosome.
A recent study from the Neuromed Institute reveals that two previously separate processes converge into a single cell component, the autophagoproteasome. This discovery provides a new understanding of autophagy, a critical mechanism for cellular renewal and waste removal.
A team of researchers identified a single enzyme that can independently control ubiquitination, a crucial cellular process. This finding has the potential to lead to the development of new therapeutic targets for diseases, including infection.
Researchers from Goethe University and MIT have developed a new method to deliver protein markers with nanometre precision into living cells. The technique, called cell squeezing, uses high pressure to incorporate fluorescent probes with an efficiency rate greater than 80 percent.
Inorganic mercury exposure is linked to damaged cell processes, causing more damage at lower concentrations than organic mercury. The study found that inorganic mercury efficiently removes iron from proteins, disrupting key cellular functions.
Researchers have improved Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM) to achieve 62-nanometer resolution, reducing phototoxicity and improving imaging of proteins interacting. This breakthrough has provided new insights into cell processes, such as the role of actin in clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
A UCL-led study has found that a small molecule drug, trametinib, can delay the ageing process in animals, including fruit flies. The treated fruit flies lived 12% longer than average, staying healthier for longer.
The project, led by Associate Professor Ilia Solov'yov, aims to deliver multiscale modeling tools for computer simulations in biomedical tasks. Researchers will utilize powerful computational machines to observe intracellular processes, gaining valuable insights into disease development and drug action.
Scientists have developed a technique to survey the fission yeast genome in relation to cell shape, microtubule organisation, and cell cycle progression. The study reveals new links between hundreds of genes and these cellular processes, including a previously unknown connection between DNA repair machinery and microtubule stability.
Dr. Tu's research identified a unique nutritional pathway in mammalian cells crucial to cancer cell growth, which he hopes will lead to new treatments for human disease. He received the award for his work expanding our understanding of metabolism's role in cellular processes.
A multi-disciplinary study by University of Pennsylvania researchers has illuminated a crucial step in the process of cell movement. The protein Exo70 induces a reshaping of the cell's plasma membrane, necessary for cell migration from one location to another.
Richard A. Flavell and Ruslan Medzhitov have been awarded the 2013 Vilcek Prize for Biomedical Science for their pioneering work on the fundamental roles of the innate immune system. Their research has led to important insights into immune responses, with implications for various fields of biomedical studies.
Researchers have discovered that genes 'burst' on and off at precise frequencies, regulating protein synthesis. This finding has implications for understanding cancer, drug resistance, and other diseases.
Two single-celled Archaea species, nearly identical genetically, respond differently to uranium toxicity, one by metabolizing it as energy, and the other by inducing a dormant state. These findings could teach us about mechanisms of adaptation to extreme environments and have implications for understanding antibiotic resistance.
A Rice University researcher has received a National Institutes of Health grant to study the effects of delay in gene transcription on cellular processes. The goal is to create techniques for generating and analyzing models of gene networks that incorporate delay, which can help predict how genetic networks function and fail.
Researchers at UC San Diego developed a method to model an organism's metabolism and gene expression simultaneously. The technology enables detailed calculations of the total cost of synthesizing chemicals, including biofuels, by accounting for material and energy requirements.
Scientists develop a technique to measure internal cell temperatures without altering cellular metabolism, opening doors for studying metastasis and differentiating healthy from cancerous cells. The 'fluorescence polarisation anisotropy' method uses green fluorescent proteins to provide non-invasive temperature readings.
Nicotine, a component of cigarette smoke, can change cell structure, leading to migration and invasion of smooth muscle cells that line blood vessels. This process contributes to the formation of fatty deposits known as plaque, the hallmark of heart and blood vessel disease.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a more efficient method for converting corn stover into cellulosic ethanol by separating its three distinct parts: the rind, pith, and leaves. This new approach enables better utilization of enzymes to break down cellulose, resulting in increased ethanol production with reduced costs.
A team of researchers at McGill University developed a new device that can float over cell surfaces without touching them, allowing for the study of cellular processes such as cancer cell formation and neuron alignment. The device uses quadrupoles to create force fields and deliver molecules selectively to cells.
Researchers developed a novel technique to analyze metabolite concentrations at high spatial resolution in plant cells. The study found that metabolites are regulated and fluctuate under stress conditions, highlighting the role of the vacuole in cellular processes.
Scientists from Scripps Research Institute have defined the structure of one of the cell's most basic engines required for cell growth. The study reveals a series of redundant mechanisms that assure production of critical cellular building blocks while avoiding missteps, which could lead to disease.
Researchers have developed a new microscopy technique, electrochemical impedance microscopy (EIM), that can explore subtle features of cell adhesion, apoptosis, and electroporation. EIM provides sub-micron spatial resolution and is label-free, making it non-invasive to samples.
A new molecular imaging technology has been developed by researchers at Universidad Carlos III de Madrid to detect live cellular processes. This technology differs from conventional medical imaging, allowing for earlier detection of anomalies and facilitating treatment.
A Scripps Research team has successfully imaged the formation of cells' protein factories using a novel technique. The breakthrough could lead to new antibiotic development and treatments for diseases tied to ribosome errors. The study offers insights into cellular processes and may uncover new targets for therapeutic interventions.
University of Illinois researchers have created a tiny needle that can deliver quantum dots directly into a cell's nucleus, allowing for the study of internal environments and cellular processes. This breakthrough technique uses electrical potential to control the release of molecules and offers precise monitoring capabilities, opening...
Researchers found autophagy is crucial for inner ear development and balance sensing in mice, suggesting potential therapeutic approaches for human balance disorders. The study's findings indicate a role for autophagy in functions beyond degrading cellular constituents.
Researchers have identified the shape of a protein molecule at various stages as it breaks down sugar to produce energy, offering insights into how cells regulate their activities. This discovery could lead to the development of new treatments for diseases such as sleeping sickness.
A new study reveals that inhibiting autophagy in mice leads to an increase in brown fat cells and a reduction in body mass. The researchers conclude that autophagy has a crucial role in regulating the formation of distinct fat cell types, providing a potential avenue for treating obesity.
Researchers discovered a way to reduce free radicals and oxidative damage in genetically altered fruit flies, leading to increased lifespan. The finding could lead to the development of new anti-aging treatments without genetic manipulation.
Cells undergoing apoptosis exert substantial forces on surrounding cells, contributing to processes like wound formation and organ development. Apoptotic cells imploding and withdrawing create a force that aids in closing eye-shaped openings during embryonic development.
Researchers have found evidence of mesenchymal stem cells in the periosteum of deer pedicles, which are responsible for antler regeneration. The study suggests that understanding this unique process could have significant implications for regenerative medicine.
Scientists at Maastricht University have discovered that mitochondrial uncoupling occurs naturally in human skeletal muscle cells when exposed to mild cold. This process can increase energy consumption, potentially leading to new obesity treatments. Further research is needed to identify the proteins responsible for uncoupling.
Researchers at University of California and University of Virginia develop novel technique to quantify molecular concentrations and aggregation states in real-time. This new method, N and B analysis, enables fast and spatially resolved imaging of protein interactions in complex cellular processes.
A University of Florida study found that reducing calorie intake boosts cells' ability to recycle damaged parts, leading to longer lifespans in rats. The process, called autophagy, helps remove toxic materials and recycle building blocks for new cell production.
Research by Dr. Eileen White and colleagues suggests that autophagy can protect genome integrity during starvation, but its loss can accelerate tumor progression. The normal function of autophagy sustains cells while limiting genome damage.
The Rong Li lab team has identified a crucial pathway controlling asymmetric meiotic cell division in mouse oocytes, allowing for genomic reduction while maintaining essential building blocks. This finding provides insights into the molecular signals driving egg maturation and its significance for reproductive health.
Scientists discovered that stomata open independently of neighboring stoma behavior, optimizing water loss and CO2 acquisition. The laser study found that phototropin1 release triggers stomatal opening, influenced by light-induced changes in the cell interior.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) leukemias develop when chromosomal abnormalities disrupt blood cell formation. A new study identified a fusion of proteins created by flawed chromosomes as a trigger for leukemia development, along with an enzyme's crucial role in this process.
Researchers studied nematocyst discharge in Hydra using an electronic framing-streak camera at 1,430,000 frames per second. They found discharges as short as 700 nanoseconds and pressures of up to 7 GPa, allowing the cellular process to release kinetic energy with molecular spring mechanism.
Scientists have successfully reversed cell division, a process essential to life, and may use this discovery to control cancer development and metastasis. The research holds promise for preventing and treating birth defects and other conditions.
Researchers discovered that bacteria can export molecules similar to communication signals, blocking the effectiveness of drugs. This process, called quorum sensing, allows bacteria to evade treatment and develop resistance to multiple drugs, making infections harder to treat.
Researchers developed a systematic approach to inhibit 1,000 Drosophila genes and observed changes in cell morphology. By clustering genes by their effects, they assigned functions to 50 previously uncharacterized genes, shedding light on cellular processes.
A Salk Institute research team has discovered a receptor-protein interaction that guides nerve cells along specific pathways. The binding of protein Wnt5 to receptor Derailed prevents nerve cells from entering the wrong pathway, ensuring accurate connections.
The National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) is supporting the construction of four new 900 MHz NMR magnets, the largest size available. This funding will enable researchers to study the structure and behavior of biological molecules, revealing insights into normal cellular processes and shedding light on diseases.