Articles tagged with Host Cells
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers found that SARS-CoV-2 diverts building blocks from glucose production and hyperactivates the 1-carbon pathway to supply carbon groups for viral RNA. Drugs inhibiting folate metabolism, such as methotrexate, show promise in reducing viral replication.
Researchers at UNIGE have discovered a vestigial form of conoid organelle in the malaria parasite, which could play a role in host invasion. The study uses expansion microscopy to view the parasite's cytoskeleton at an unprecedented scale, shedding new light on its life cycle.
A new cell line called ZMAC has been shown to significantly improve the success rate for isolating the PRRS virus, with a success rate of 57.6% compared to 26.3% for the current cell line MARC-145.
Researchers have successfully 'caught' colibactin, a genotoxin from E. coli, inducing genetic changes characteristic of colorectal cancer cells. This breakthrough enables the observation of transformation in vitro using human colon organoids.
Scientists identify the Nsp1 protein as a key player in blocking host cell genes that promote viral replication. By inhibiting two steps in protein production, Nsp1 allows SARS-CoV-2 to replicate unchecked. This discovery provides a potential target for new COVID-19 therapies.
A new synthetic gene circuit process allows for more effective disease treatment by preventing cancer cells from metastasizing and making them receptive to treatment. The technology, developed at Arizona State University, has broad implications for improving the effectiveness of various disease therapies.
Researchers have developed physics-based technologies to study virus reproduction, revealing dynamic processes like self-assembly. These findings may lead to the development of new antiviral drugs that disrupt critical steps in the virus cycle.
Scientists from Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin discovered numerous variants of human helper proteins influencing the amount or function of viruses. The study reveals potential target structures for new drugs and helps understand risk factors for severe COVID-19 courses.
A UC Davis Health study reveals that the colon lining releases hydrogen peroxide to limit microbial growth, providing a natural filter for the gut microbiota. This finding suggests a new treatment approach for gut inflammation and dysbiosis, shifting focus from targeting bacteria to fixing habitat filters and restoring host functionality.
Researchers analyzed protein sequences of SARS-CoV2 virus and host cell receptors to find commonalities among animals susceptible to infection. Greater cellular oxidation may predispose the elderly and those with underlying health conditions to more severe infection.
Researchers at Texas A&M University have developed a high-throughput cell separation method using droplet microfluidics to study host-pathogen interactions. The system successfully isolates pathogens attached to host cells from those that are unattached, simplifying the study of novel pathogens and environmental microbiology applications.
Researchers have developed a targeted therapy approach against virus-infected cells, delivering immune-activating drugs selectively into infected cells. This technology shows promise in treating influenza, COVID-19, HIV, and other enveloped viruses.
Researchers at Goethe University demonstrated that the protease inhibitor aprotinin can inhibit SARS-CoV2 replication by preventing viral entry into host cells. Aprotinin also compensates for reduced endogenous protease inhibitors in virus-infected cells.
Researchers have developed a new technique called VIRIM that allows for real-time imaging of virus infections, enabling the tracking of viral replication and protein production. This breakthrough could lead to more targeted treatments for viral infections, such as SARS-CoV-2.
Researchers at Yale University discovered how SARS-CoV-2 virus blocks cell production of immune molecules and contributes to severe illness. The viral protein Nsp1 forms a plug in the ribosome, preventing it from receiving genetic instructions for new proteins.
Researchers created a glycan grammar system using natural language processing algorithms, enabling the prediction of immune responses to specific glycans. The tools allow for systematic study of glycans and their role in host-microbe interactions, expanding understanding of pathogenicity and molecular mimicry.
Researchers at Yale University screened hundreds of millions of cells exposed to COVID-19 and MERS viruses, identifying dozens of genes that enable or inhibit viral replication. The study found pro-viral and anti-viral genes, which may help predict severe illness and inform treatment development.
A joint UC Berkeley-ITU team uses molecular dynamics simulations and single molecule experiments to identify the processes that happen when the virus binds to human cells. They discover intermediate states and specific amino acids that stabilize each state, which may lead to targeted treatments.
Researchers have mapped out an atlas of the latent virus reservoir cells of eight individuals living with HIV, challenging previous assumptions about its makeup. The study used a new approach to backtrack reactivated reservoir cells to their original latent state, revealing distinct areas and shared markers across different tissue types.
Researchers at Colorado State University have developed a color-coded biosensor that visualizes viral translation in living cells, revealing how viruses hijack host cell protein-making machinery. This breakthrough technology provides unprecedented insight into predicting and controlling viral diseases, including COVID-19.
A recent study suggests that giant viruses, such as medusavirus, may hold the key to understanding the evolutionary origins of the eukaryotic nucleus. The virus's ability to occupy and use the host nucleus for replication provides evidence for lateral gene transfer between ancient proto-eukaryotic cells and giant viruses.
Researchers found that host skin and intestinal T cells survive conditioning regimens and continue to perform their normal functions. These T cells can become activated by donor white blood cells, leading to graft-versus-host disease.
Researchers from Goethe University patented a method to interrupt SARS-CoV-2 signaling pathways using specific inhibitors, blocking viral replication. Tested cancer drugs showed promising results in laboratory experiments.
Research finds that bacteria in unicellular organisms become more infectious when they must switch host cells, thanks to changes in gene expression. This adaptation allows them to survive outside the host cell and maintain infectivity.
Researchers at Kanazawa University used high-speed atomic force microscopy to study the fusogenic transition of Influenza A hemagglutinin, revealing its interaction with exosomes and facilitating viral membrane fusion. This study provides important insights into the mechanism of HA-mediated membrane fusion.
Researchers at EPFL uncover key role of Barrier-to-Autointegration Factor (BAF) in preventing cGAS-STING pathway activation, which stops cells from attacking their own DNA. This discovery sheds new light on complex processes involved in the body's inflammatory response.
Researchers identified a crown-shaped molecular pore in coronavirus replication compartments that may facilitate viral RNA export. This discovery offers a potential target for antiviral strategies against SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses.
The researchers report two new cryo-EM structures representing the pre- and postfusion conformations of the full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The findings suggest that current vaccine strategies may be relying on limited information about the natural state of the protein, highlighting the need for further evaluation.
Researchers at Indiana University School of Medicine have discovered how the Toxoplasma gondii parasite hijacks host cells to spread throughout the body. The parasite triggers an alarm system that leads to the activation of a protein called IRE1, connecting it to the cytoskeleton and causing hypermigration.
The Pew Charitable Trusts has selected 10 postdoctoral fellows from seven Latin American countries to conduct research in the US. The fellows will explore various biomedical topics, including leukemia stem cells and HIV hiding inside host cells.
Viral particles move along microtubules to form a nuclear vesicle, releasing HIV-1 into the nucleus. This phenomenon is similar to cell endocytosis and reveals new insights into HIV-1 nuclear entry.
A team of scientists has identified two host cell proteases, TMPRSS2 and furin, responsible for processing the S-glycoprotein of SARS-CoV2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Inhibiting these proteases could prevent viral entry into host cells, making them potential targets for COVID-19 therapeutics.
Researchers created a mouse model that produces human angiotensin-converting enzyme II (hACE2), the receptor SARS-CoV-2 binds to. The mice exhibited robust viral RNA replication in the lung and brain, as well as interstitial pneumonia. These features replicate those observed in COVID-19 patients.
Researchers develop a molecular light switch to control the T3SS injectisome, enabling precise and efficient protein delivery into host cells. This technology has potential applications in biotechnology and medicine, including tumor therapy.
Researchers at Goethe University Frankfurt used a cell culture model to test compounds against SARS-CoV-2 virus, finding several that slowed down or stopped virus reproduction. The findings enable the search for an active substance to be narrowed down to approved drugs.
A small study found that anakinra improved respiratory function and reduced signs of immune system overactivation in severe COVID-19 patients with sHLH. The therapy did not prevent deaths on ventilators, but may improve outcomes for these patients.
Researchers identified unique stress granules in cells that combat virus infections, providing a promising avenue for developing new treatments. The discovery has potential to lead to new drug therapies and improve human health by preventing serious damage from viruses.
Researchers identified the cleavage of furin as crucial for SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells. The study also found potential starting points for therapy and live attenuated vaccines by exploring coronaviruses with similar activation sequences in animals, enabling the virus to spread in humans.
Researchers identified subsets of cells in the lung, nasal passages, and intestine that express RNA for both proteins helping SARS-CoV-2 enter human cells. These findings may help guide scientists developing new treatments or repurposing existing drugs.
Researchers uncovered novel mechanisms of protective antibodies against Marburg virus infection through a study of monoclonal antibodies from a survivor. The findings suggest that these antibodies recruit immune cells to kill infected cells and strengthen the protective effect by rearranging the viral glycoprotein. This research provid...
Scientists have designed four peptides that mimic the virus-binding domain of the human protein allowing SARS-CoV-2 to enter cells. The peptides contain amino acids from ACE2 that interact with the viral protein, and were found to have good binding energies in computer simulations.
A new data-processing approach developed by researchers at the University of Michigan Life Sciences Institute offers a simpler path to analyzing cryo-electron microscopy data. The pipeline uses machine learning and connects various tools to streamline the process, making it more accessible to researchers from diverse backgrounds.
Researchers have identified a promising first step in antiviral treatment for COVID-19, focusing on the spike protein's fusion peptide. By understanding how this peptide interacts with host cells, scientists hope to develop an antibody that can block viral entry and replication.
Recent discoveries by ASU professors Xiaojun Tian and Xiao Wang explore the impact of memory circuit topologies on host cell behavior, revealing a first in the field of synthetic biology. The research expands scientific understanding of complex interactions between engineered gene circuits and biological host cells.
UCI researchers successfully transplanted healthy mitochondria into cardiomyocytes, boosting cellular energy and improving bioenergetics indices. The study's findings suggest a potential method to mitigate cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative disorders.
Researchers discovered that Chlamydia uses the host cell's endocytosis mechanism to invade by producing SemC, which changes the membrane curvature. This process is essential for infection, and reducing SNX9 protein levels makes it harder for the bacteria to infect cells.
Recent publications provide insights into FMT research, emphasizing the need for rigorous clinical trials to demonstrate safety and effectiveness. Researchers are evaluating different preparations of FMT and manufacturers are developing products for licensure.
Research suggests that bacteriophages found in children's intestinal tracts may play a role in childhood stunting. The viruses affect bacterial communities in the gut, and altering these communities could help improve health. This discovery offers hope for developing new cost-efficient therapies.
A Rutgers-led team has created a tool to monitor live influenza A virus mutations in real time, allowing for the analysis of viral RNA without killing cells. This breakthrough could aid virologists in understanding and stopping viral replication.
Exposure to pesticide atrazine alters wasps' gut microbiome, conferring resistance that is inherited across successive generations. The altered microbiome also increases tolerance to other pesticides like glyphosate.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Science devise a new image analysis method that reveals how giant viruses infect amoebae and how the host reacts. The study uses time-lapse microscopy to track changes in cellular behavior, providing new insights into the life cycle of giant viruses and their impact on eukaryotes.
A recent focus issue explores the cell biology of virus-host and virus-vector interactions to improve crop management. Research reveals insights into plasmodesmatal connections, cell-cell signaling, and biotechnological approaches for host resistance.
A comprehensive interaction network map reveals how Plasmodium falciparum traffics between human host cells, transforming red blood cells into rigid forms that hinder oxygen transportation. This understanding paves the way for further study and discussion on the molecular mechanism of severe malaria.
Researchers have discovered how Zika virus protein NS1 reshapes host cell ER to facilitate viral replication. Blocking this process could lead to novel treatments for patients infected with Zika or similar viruses.
Researchers have found that cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes reduced blood cell production in bone marrow, increasing the risk of life-threatening infections. The study identified a specific genetic material called microRNA US5-2, which leads to the suppression of TGF-? expression.
Researchers have successfully replaced bacterial toxins with proteins in nano-syringes, enabling targeted delivery of drugs to specific body cells. The innovation aims to introduce drugs into cancer cells with minimal side effects.
Researchers at the University of Jyväskylä have discovered that host cell calpain proteases can process enterovirus polyprotein in vitro. This finding sheds light on the mechanism behind the inhibitory effect of calpain protease inhibition on enterovirus infection.
A study by University of Basel researchers found that a cellular pump restricts bacterial growth in host cells by causing magnesium shortage. This discovery provides new insights into the role of NRAMP1 transporter in combating intracellular pathogens.
Researchers develop AI-driven platform to design, build, test and learn complex biochemical pathways for efficient production of lycopene, a red pigment used as food coloring. The system reduces time and cost by narrowing down possible pathways from over 10,000 to 100.
A team of researchers used single-cell RNA sequencing to understand herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infections. They found that the NRF2 transcription factor slows infection progression and identified a drug, bardoxolone methyl, that inhibits HSV-1 by activating this factor.