Articles tagged with Mammalian Cells
A recent study by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign has discovered a highly toxic byproduct in chloramines-treated water. Iodoacids have been found to be DNA-damaging and more toxic than previously regulated DBPs, raising health concerns and prompting calls for a delay in EPA's Stage 2 rule.
Researchers develop a new xenotransplantation model where human cells coexist with porcine cells, showing that they can live long-term without PERV infection. The study suggests that pigs may be a safer source for human transplantation due to the low risk of transmitting viruses.
A blood stem cell has been found to give rise to bone in mice, suggesting a potential basis for treatments to repair or restore bone. The study used retroviral integration site analysis to prove that a single type of stem cell can produce two distinct bodily tissues.
Researchers found that adult cells descended from renin-producing cells can re-express the renin gene in response to stress, revealing a 'memory' of their original lineage. This ability allows these cells to rapidly respond to changes in blood pressure and sodium levels.
The study found that Dynamin-2, an enzyme involved in cell division, plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the centrosome, a tiny organ essential for organizing chromosomes during cell division. This breakthrough understanding could lead to new strategies for designing cancer treatments.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have developed a new storage method that increases stem cell survival rates by over 20 times, allowing for more efficient and reliable research. The technique uses a gel matrix with trehalose to protect cells from freezing and thawing damage.
A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that monkeys' brains sort computer clip art pictures into categories for recall, such as people, buildings, flowers, and animals. This process could lead to ways to improve memory in humans by reducing detail and categorizing information.
Scientists have discovered a synthetic chemical called cardiogenol that can selectively differentiate embryonic stem cells into beating cardiac muscle cells. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new treatments for heart disease and other degenerative conditions.
Researchers have discovered insulin-producing cells in various tissues in diabetic mice, which can be triggered by high blood sugar. The findings suggest that these cells could be harnessed to generate insulin-producing cells from other tissues, offering a potential breakthrough for diabetes treatment.
Researchers have discovered that spleen cells can regenerate insulin-secreting islets in mice with Type 1 diabetes, potentially leading to a cure. The study shows that these cells can grow from both the recipient's own cells and donor cells, opening up new approaches to diabetes treatment.
The Gene Expression Nervous System Atlas (GENSAT) provides a comprehensive map of gene expression in the central nervous system. Researchers can use this tool to explore molecular machinery and chart functional circuitry of the brain and spinal cord, leading to better understanding of neurological disorders.
Researchers at UCSD have identified chemicals that can protect cells from the effects of the toxin, raising hope for a novel treatment for Pseudomonas infections. The study found that ExoU toxin kills cells by targeting cell membrane phospholipids, but alternative treatments may be possible.
Researchers have found that adult rat hearts contain cardiac progenitor cells capable of repairing damaged tissue. The study, published in Cell, used these cells to regenerate new myocytes and other functional cells in ischemic hearts.
Preliminary research suggests that cranberry extract can reduce the severity of stroke by 50% in brain cell death. Cranberries also have powerful antioxidant capabilities and unique bacteria-blocking properties, which may help prevent heart disease and certain cancers.
Researchers found that cranberry extract can significantly reduce brain cell death after a simulated stroke. The study suggests that consuming cranberries may aid in recovery from stroke, particularly in its earliest stages.
Researchers found that FOXO plays a role in reducing the number of cells in developing fruit flies when insulin signalling is not present. This suggests that FOXO inhibits cell division to control body size.
Researchers at the University of South Florida have discovered that stem-like cells from peripheral blood can promote functional recovery after a stroke. The study found that rats treated with these cells showed significant behavioral improvement and reduced hyperactive behavior compared to those receiving no cellular treatment.
Researchers used microPET and optical CCD imaging to track transplanted rat cardiac cells, detecting higher uptake in areas where cells were transplanted compared to background tissues. This study provides valuable insight into cell transplant biology, enabling real-time monitoring of engrafted cells.
A study found that acrylamide triggers mutagenesis by damaging DNA in mammalian cells. Low concentrations of acrylamide increased mutations in a transgene, similar to those caused by the known carcinogen BPDE.
A team of international researchers led by Johns Hopkins scientists has discovered that the eye's ability to detect light is carried out by just three cell types: rods, cones, and melanopsin-producing cells. This finding resolves years of controversy and sheds new light on the eye's non-visual functions.
Researchers at UC San Diego discovered that a protein essential for fruit fly embryonic development also plays a crucial role in mammalian wound healing. The study reveals that the loss of this protein causes skin cells to bunch up and stall, leading to slower wound healing rates.
Researchers have created a new RNAi vector called pDECAP that allows for tissue-specific suppression of gene expression in mammals. This breakthrough technology enables the efficient exploration of gene function by avoiding the antiviral response to foreign dsRNA, a major complication in mammalian RNAi research.
Researchers have identified two distinct forms of chromatin, a previously unrecognized level of genomic organization. This discovery has broad potential applications in cancer diagnosis and assigning functions to genome subsections.
Conlon and Raff's study found that mammalian cells do not use cell-size checkpoints to determine when to divide, unlike yeast cells. Instead, they rely on extracellular signalling from other cells to coordinate growth and division.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic discovered an RNA decoy strategy to divert the NF-kappaB protein, which plays a negative role in disease activation. This approach has potential as a novel drug development method for cancer, AIDS, and inflammatory diseases.
Researchers successfully transplanted bone marrow cells from a male donor mouse to a female recipient, where they developed into functional insulin-expressing cells. The findings suggest that bone marrow may be a viable source for ex vivo expansion and autologous transplantation of pancreatic beta-cell precursors.
Researchers at WashU Medicine discovered a novel molecule that plays a critical role in gut immunology and interacts with mucosal-associated invariant T cells. The findings suggest that this molecule may be involved in various diseases of the gut, particularly those related to intestinal microorganisms.
Researchers discovered that Sox2 is a crucial transcription factor involved in the specification of three embryonic cell lineages. The study found that Sox2-deficient embryos exhibit fatal defects, highlighting its importance in maintaining cellular pluripotency and embryo formation.
Researchers have successfully transmitted electrical signals in rat hearts using tissue-engineered cells, which may lead to a new treatment for heart block. The cells formed connections with cardiac cells and developed an electrical pathway within 10 weeks of implantation.
A recent study has found that gut bacteria interact with the intestine to regulate blood supply, with Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron stimulating blood vessel development. The research suggests a key developmental program shared by intestinal bacteria and their host is essential for healthy development.
Researchers have developed a method to culture and expand cord blood-derived stem cells, increasing their number by over 100-fold. The expanded cells showed improved potency in reconstituting the recipient's blood and immune cell systems.
Researchers found that ICAD-deficient flies lack apoptotic DNA fragmentation due to impaired CAD protein expression. Meanwhile, DNase II-deficient flies accumulate fragmented DNA and trigger an immune response. This study reveals a crucial role for innate immunity in apoptotic DNA degradation.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine discovered that human Tsix is expressed only on the inactive X chromosome, contradicting previous findings in mice. The study suggests an alternative mechanism for X chromosome regulation and shifts the focus away from the Tsix gene.
Researchers found that an antioxidant compound can protect islet cells from stress and death during transplantation, leading to improved transplant success rates. The antioxidants neutralized free radicals that contribute to inflammation and cell death, allowing more islet cells to survive and function properly.
Researchers identify DHH as key player in fetal Leydig cell differentiation, enabling testosterone production. The discovery provides insights into human reproductive disorders resulting from faulty sex determination pathways.
Researchers develop mouse model of sporadic and familial human meningioma, demonstrating NF2 loss is sufficient for tumor formation. The study provides novel insight into the role of the NF2 gene in meningioma development and enables testing of potential therapies.
Scientists have successfully reproduced Hirano bodies in the lab using a novel method, opening doors to new studies of these structures. The discovery suggests that Hirano bodies may play a role in various diseases, including Alzheimer's, and could provide a key tool for investigations.
Researchers believe olfactory ensheathing cells from the nose hold potential to repair spinal cord injuries. These cells can be obtained from adult donors and offer a possible auto-transplantation method, resolving tissue availability issues.
Harvard Medical School researchers developed a new technique to silence specific proteins in mammalian cells using vector-based RNA interference. This method can be used to complement existing knockout animal models and conduct experiments with cells grown in vitro.
Research reveals insulin's impact on cardiac growth and development. Insulin signaling pathways regulate the expression of key genes involved in cardiac hypertrophy.
A research team found that a small fraction of nerve cells in the retina express melanopsin, which detects light levels and regulates the body's daily cycles. These cells connect to brain areas controlling the clock and pupil response, suggesting a non-visual role for melanopsin.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have developed a new technique for carrying out genetic analysis directly in mammalian cells, enabling them to switch off or switch on genes in mouse cells. This ability allows researchers to infer gene function, identify potential cancer therapies, and discover new properties in cells.
Researchers at Genetica and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have developed a cost-effective method for determining the role of specific genes using RNAi. This approach enables stable silencing of gene expression in mammalian cells, allowing for rapid assessment of gene function, previously limited to plants and certain model organisms.
A new study found that activating immune system cells called iNKT cells can protect mice from developing diabetes. The researchers discovered that increasing the production of these cells could be a basis for preventive treatments for people with a genetic risk of diabetes.
A recent study has identified a protein called Akt1 that promotes the growth and increase in size of pancreatic β cells, which can help prevent or treat type 2 diabetes. The researchers found that mice bred to produce excess Akt1 protein were more tolerant of glucose and resistant to diabetes.
Biologists discovered that chromosomes fuse together due to telomere replication and distinct protein functions. The study found two types of telomeres and the roles of proteins in normal cell function.
A new enzyme increases the number and size of heart muscle cells in mice, allowing them to live longer. This discovery could lead to gene-based therapies for heart disease, with potential benefits for millions of Americans affected by the condition.
Researchers have found that aging rats exhibit fragmented behavioral rhythms, taking naps when they should be active. The study suggests that the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) cells, responsible for regulating circadian rhythms, may be losing their ability to mark time as individuals age.
Researchers at UCSF have found that two existing drugs, quinacrine and chlorpromazine, can effectively treat mouse cells infected with prions, which cause rare neurodegenerative diseases. The study suggests that these drugs may also be effective in patients with advanced disease, paving the way for potential new treatment options.