Articles tagged with Mitochondria
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A new study found structural and functional changes in the muscles of young adults with Type 1 diabetes, leading to reduced metabolism and greater difficulty controlling blood glucose levels. The study suggests revising exercise guidelines for those with Type 1 diabetes to prevent muscle damage.
Researchers discovered that mitochondria employ the mitoCPR response to handle overwhelming protein imports, involving increased expression of PDR3 and genes facilitating protein clearance. The mechanism's existence in higher eukaryotes like humans remains unknown.
Researchers from Brown University and Harvard Law School urge the US to allow mitochondrial replacement therapy to prevent fatal mitochondrial diseases in children. The procedure replaces mutation-bearing mitochondria with donated mutation-free ones, saving lives and alleviating human suffering.
Researchers developed a technique to visualize mitophagy, the process by which cells recycle their energy factories, with a new bioimaging technology. The study could provide diagnostic information for degenerative brain diseases.
The study found that mitochondrial DNA mutation rates differ across various tissues, particularly in reproductive cells, which could lead to devastating diseases if passed to future offspring. Researchers used a novel method to isolate mitochondria from specific cells, shedding light on the mechanisms regulating gene mutations.
Healthy people carry mutations in their mitochondrial DNA, which can appear unexpectedly in previously unaffected families due to a bottleneck effect where only healthy mitochondria survive. The study reveals that every developing egg cell may carry faulty mitochondria, which can cause severe diseases if they repopulate the egg.
Researchers from TSRI have identified a process in nerve cells called the S-nitrosylation reaction that may contribute to Parkinson's disease. The study found that this reaction can trigger cell death by preventing the proper removal of damaged mitochondria, leading to neuronal damage and death.
Researchers identified a sulfur metabolite with antioxidant activity that supports mitochondrial energy metabolism, a crucial process for cellular function. This finding highlights the potential of enzymes involved in sulfur respiration to treat diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Researchers identified NOX4 enzyme as a key mechanism in kidney cancer recurrence, finding it facilitates survival of cancer cells under drug treatment. The study's findings have potential for developing targeted therapies to reverse the mechanism and prevent further disease progression.
Engineers at MIT found that organelles like mitochondria and lysosomes encounter different types of resistance in cytoplasm based on size and speed. The researchers developed a phase diagram to describe the material properties of cytoplasm from an organelle's perspective, which may aid in pharmaceutical designs.
Scientists have uncovered the secret behind goldfish's remarkable ability to produce alcohol as a way of surviving harsh winters. The fish convert anaerobically produced lactic acid into ethanol, allowing them to avoid dangerous build-ups in their bodies.
Researchers discovered that physical activity offers health benefits against insulin resistance, a precursor to type 2 diabetes. The study found that exercise's ability to remove damaged cellular materials and enhance mitochondrial quality is more effective in preventing insulin resistance than previously thought.
Researchers have discovered a new cellular mechanism - an underlying defect in brain cells - that may cause multiple sclerosis. A protein called Rab32 is present in large quantities in the brains of people with MS but virtually absent in healthy brain cells.
Researchers identify that cardiac muscle cells both destroy and create new mitochondria in response to ischemia/reperfusion injury, which can cause long-term effects or fatal heart failure. This discovery may lead to the development of new treatments to speed up healing from open-heart surgery.
A pioneering IVF technique has enabled the birth of a healthy baby boy, providing hope for families with inheritable mitochondrial disorders. The mother's mutation load was well below the expected threshold for the condition, paving the way for further research and potential changes in law and regulation.
Researchers at U of A have identified a potential target for treating multiple sclerosis by discovering an underlying defect in brain cells. The study found that two sub-components within a cell are miscommunicating in patients with MS, triggering dysfunction and toxicity for brain cells.
A previously unknown mechanism involved in the immune response has been identified, which could provide an alternative therapy target for lupus patients. Oxidative stress in cells triggers the clustering of a protein that normally signals an immune system pathway during viral infections.
A study published in Cell Death and Disease suggests that problems with mitochondria may contribute to Parkinson's disease. The researchers found that faulty waste disposal systems can lead to damaged mitochondria, which produce less energy and cause oxidative stress.
A Norwegian study from the University of Bergen has identified key mechanisms behind Parkinson's disease, which may lead to future treatments. The research suggests that mitochondrial DNA damage is a primary cause of the disease, and that healthy brain cells can compensate for this damage by producing more DNA.
Mammals have evolved a specialized germline in their sex cells to pass on high-quality mitochondria, driven by the need to counteract rapid genetic mutations. This process restricts genetic variation in offspring, but allows for the transfer of better-functioning mitochondria.
RIT professor Moumita Das has won seed funding for her research on population dynamics of mitochondria in mammalian cells and molecular imaging of intercellular transport. Her work aims to understand the impact of mitochondrial DNA changes on human health conditions.
Excessive calcium influx in brain cells can cause excitotoxicity, damaging and killing neurons. Caloric restriction increases mitochondrial calcium retention, protecting against this condition. SIRT3 protein modification inhibits cyclophilin D, allowing mitochondria to retain more calcium.
Researchers at the University of Copenhagen have found that adding the substance NAD+ to mice and roundworms can extend life and delay aging processes. The study suggests that NAD+ plays a key role in maintaining cellular health and repairing genes, with potential benefits for patients with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
A team of Stanford University School of Medicine researchers discovered a critical defect that precedes the death of nerve cells in Parkinson's disease, impairing mitochondria function. This finding may lead to earlier diagnoses and new treatment approaches for the condition.
Researchers found that platelets must undergo a process called mitochondrial necrosis, where they release calcium and reactive oxygen species, causing the cell to collapse. This programmed death allows platelets to transition into super-activated states, which accelerate blood clotting.
Researchers have discovered that enhancing mitochondrial transport along neuronal axons improves the ability of mouse nerve cells to repair themselves after injury. The study suggests potential new strategies for stimulating human neurons to regrow after damage or disease.
Researchers have developed a nanoblade that can slice through cell membranes to insert mitochondria, with successful transfer rates of up to 2%. This technology holds promise for studying mitochondrial diseases and advancing fields like infectious diseases research.
Researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital found that dysfunctional mitochondria may not be the primary cause of neurological symptoms in patients with mitochondrial diseases. Instead, brain developmental defects during embryonic development may play a role.
Researchers found that circadian changes in mitochondria regulate energy levels and sugar use for energy production. The study suggests that timing of meals affects metabolic health.
Macrophages produce excess inflammatory cytokine IL-1beta when damaged mitochondria release signals; p62 coats damaged mitochondria, ensuring removal. This prevents chronic inflammation and potentially age-related diseases.
Research found that heme oxygenase-1 overexpression in mice protected against dilated cardiomyopathy, reduced mitochondrial fragmentation and promoted new mitochondria generation. This study demonstrates the importance of heme oxygenase-1 in controlling mitochondrial dynamics in the heart.
Mitochondrial genes are retained to build organelle structure, resist damage from free radicals, and facilitate energy production. This design allows mitochondria to withstand the extreme environment and maintain their independence from the nucleus.
Researchers at Newcastle University have found that eliminating mitochondria from aging cells can rejuvenate them, highlighting the critical role of mitochondria in cellular aging. The study's findings shed light on how mitochondrial biogenesis drives cellular aging and pave the way for targeted therapies to counteract this process.
Researchers at the Centre for Genomic Regulation in Barcelona, Spain, have shed new light on the evolution of eukaryotic cells by studying mitochondrial acquisition. The study found that acquiring mitochondria occurred late in cell evolution, suggesting a crucial milestone in life's complexity.
New research shows that factors in the blood from calorie-restricted rats can modify energy-producing mitochondria within insulin-producing cells, protecting them from glucose toxicity. The findings suggest a potential therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes and new interventions against the disease.
A new study reveals that musclin, a peptide released during exercise, improves muscle's capacity for energy production and increases exercise tolerance. The research shows that increased levels of circulating musclin trigger a signaling cascade that promotes muscle performance.
Researchers have discovered a central relay station in plant cell communication, controlled by the MICU protein. This protein regulates calcium ion concentration in cellular power stations, enabling plants to respond to environmental stimuli such as water stress and pathogen attacks.
Researchers discovered a mechanism where mesenchymal stem cells recruit and suppress macrophage activity to protect themselves from damage. This process allows macrophages to repurpose damaged mitochondria for their own survival, creating a mutually beneficial relationship between the two cell types.
Researchers analyzed blood samples of chickens from the same generation to reconstruct how mitochondrial DNA passed from mothers to daughters. The study found that evolution occurs much faster than previously believed, with a rate of change in mitochondrial genomes estimated at around 2 percent per million years.
Plants have developed a unique mechanism to selectively degrade damaged chloroplasts, allowing them to conserve energy and thrive in challenging environments. This discovery could lead to the development of stronger crops with improved yield and resistance to stressors.
Mitochondrial mutations enabled humans to adapt to new environments, allowing for physiological responses and flexibility. This adaptation is crucial for species survival, as it provides faster and more flexible adaptations than nuclear DNA mutations.
Scientists have developed a new method to generate healthy stem cells from patient cells with mitochondrial mutations, which can then be converted into various cell types. This breakthrough has the potential to treat debilitating mitochondrial diseases that affect the brain and muscles, offering new hope for patients worldwide.
Scientists found a thick band of microtubules in retina neurons that serve as a 'transport road' for mitochondria, crucial for sustained visual processing. This discovery sheds light on how bipolar cells meet their high energy demands.
Researchers at Kyoto University discovered how nerve cells adjust to low energy environments during brain growth, shedding light on neurodegenerative disorders. They found two protein molecules that produce enzymes to allocate energy molecules for cellular survival in areas with low ATP energy concentrations.
Scientists discovered that stem cells distinguish between old and young mitochondria, allocating them disproportionately to daughter cells. This mechanism prevents damage accumulation in the lineage over time.
Researchers found that stem cells discard old mitochondria in daughter cells that differentiate, while new stem cells receive young ones. This mechanism may help reduce cellular damage and aging.
Researchers identified a novel mechanism in mitochondrial RNA maturation, involving the protein FASTK. This discovery provides insights into mitochondrial genetic diseases and their treatment.
Researchers have found a way to reverse damage caused by obesity in females that leads to fertility problems and alters fetal growth. By using compounds known to alleviate stress in cells, they were able to stop the damage from being passed on to offspring.
Researchers found that female sticklebacks prime their offspring with information about their living environment through the mitochondria, allowing them to adapt better to warmer waters. This mechanism plays a crucial role in the species' ability to cope with climate change.
Scientists at Stanford University School of Medicine and colleagues have discovered a previously unknown immune response to the mitochondria of pluripotent stem cells created through nuclear transfer, which can prompt rejection in mice. This finding may pose a hurdle for using such therapies in humans, but it is considered surmountable.
The Baums' theory proposes that eukaryotic cells evolved through a process where internal structures formed outside the ancestral cell, eventually giving rise to the nucleus and other membrane compartments. This gradual path challenges existing theories and offers a new perspective on complex life evolution.
A recent study aimed to determine the role of free radicals in aging, but was refuted due to limitations with the measurement tool used. The researchers found that changes in pH levels inside mitochondria, rather than free radical release, were responsible for the signals detected by the probe.
Researchers found that moderate levels of free radicals are necessary for proper skin wound healing in laboratory roundworms. Increased ROS can even accelerate wound closure, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for improving wound healing in humans, particularly the elderly and those with diabetes.
Researchers discover that retinal ganglion cells pass on worn-out mitochondria to astrocytes for disposal at the optic nerve head. This process challenges the common understanding of cellular trash management and has implications for diseases like glaucoma, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's.
A study finds that the 'Three-Parent Baby' method, which involves combining a healthy egg cell with a defective one, may pose health risks to offspring if mitochondria from different mothers are present. Researchers propose a solution by analyzing and aligning mitochondrial DNA haplotypes before transfer.
Researchers discovered that damaged mitochondria in retinal ganglion cells are transferred to adjacent astrocytes, which then degrade them. This process, dubbed transmitophagy, has significant implications for understanding and treating neurodegenerative disorders.
Cells adjust mitochondrial apparatus to burn sugars or fats, adapting to changes in fuel supply. The study identifies signals and molecules that regulate this adaptation, enabling cells to switch between glucose and fatty acid burning more efficiently.
Hepatitis C virus infects liver cells' energy centers, damaging mitochondria and recruiting proteins to eliminate damaged area. This process helps the virus persist in the body, making mitochondrial operations a potential therapeutic target.
Researchers found that exercise improves cardiovascular health in mice by increasing the production of proteins in the mitochondria of their heart cells. This targeted approach may hold the key to understanding how physical activity helps strengthen the heart and reduce the risk of heart disease.
Researchers found that exercise increases levels of specific proteins in the mitochondria of heart cells, triggering beneficial cardiovascular effects. This study provides new insights into how physical activity improves heart function and offers potential clues for developing new treatments for cardiovascular disease.