Articles tagged with Organelles
Research by Amita Sehgal and her team reveals that sleep helps neurons stay healthy by removing oxidative damage through lipid transfer to glia cells. This process is crucial for maintaining neuronal function and may contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.
For the first time, researchers have directly visualized how newly formed cellular organelles leave the endoplasmic reticulum and transition onto microtubule tracks inside living cells. The study reveals that the ER plays an active role in steering intracellular traffic.
Bacteria move through liquids using propellerlike tails called flagella, which alternate between clockwise and counterclockwise rotation. Researchers propose a tug-of-war mechanism instead of the traditional equilibrium 'domino effect' model, where proteins lining the tail exert pressure on their neighbors.
Researchers develop experimental drugs that encourage mitochondria in cells to work harder and burn more calories. The findings offer a framework for designing safe and effective weight-loss treatments with potential benefits for metabolic health and neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers used long-read sequencing to analyze the nuclear genome of Amorphochlora amoebiformis, revealing an extremely high proportion of introns (74%) compared to other eukaryotic genomes. The study provides important insights into the evolutionary dynamics and potential functional roles of introns in eukaryotic genomes.
Researchers in Japan discovered that cells eliminate less efficient ribosomes through a 'survival of the fittest' mechanism, ensuring accurate and efficient protein synthesis. This discovery sheds light on how cells maintain quality control and prevents ribosome-related diseases.
Research shows that high glucose levels cause mitochondria to move towards the periphery of pancreatic beta cells. This movement is linked to insulin secretion and may play a role in regulating blood sugar levels. The study found that inhibiting microtubules disrupted this process, suggesting a key role for these structures in mitochon...
Researchers have captured the most detailed images yet of molecules inside synthetic chromatin condensates, allowing them to understand how these droplet-like structures form and function. The team found that linker DNA length affects structure arrangement, which in turn dictates interactions between chromatin fibers.
Researchers discover GFAP's crucial role in regulating mitochondrial fusion and fission, a dynamic process that meets cells' energy needs. The study sheds light on Alexander disease, a genetic disorder caused by GFAP mutations, providing potential new avenues for therapies.
High-resolution label-free imaging reveals stable organelle dynamics and spatial organization, overcoming phototoxicity and halo artifacts. ExAPC microscopy captures biomolecular condensate-like structures and cellular responses to drugs.
Researchers at UTA discovered that mitochondria can protect a cell from dying by taking in calcium, regulating complex cell death. The findings offer insights into brain development and disease, potentially leading to targeted treatments.
Marine plankton rely on cilia for movement, feeding, and dispersal. A new study discovered that coordination of these tiny structures is maintained by short-range interactions between cilia, enabling the organism to swim even when damaged.
The development of a new pH probe, SITE-pHorin, offers precise organellar pH imaging in living cells. By harnessing quantum-entanglement interactions, the probe boasts unparalleled sensitivity and resolves long-standing controversies over mitochondrial and lysosomal pH.
The 2-day conference focuses on bridging the fields of mitochondrial biology, microbiome research, and extracellular vesicle science to advance translational innovation. Experts will discuss EVs as core messengers in intercellular communication and their potential therapeutic applications.
Researchers from The University of Osaka discovered that macrophages can directly engulf and digest damaged mitochondria through a process called microautophagy. This process allows lysosome-like compartments in macrophages to take in broken cell components directly, bypassing the need for digestion.
Cryo-optical microscopy captures high-resolution, quantitatively accurate snapshots of dynamic cellular processes at precisely selected timepoints. This technique enables the observation of transient biological events with unprecedented temporal accuracy.
Newly developed DNA nanostructures form flexible, fluid, and stimuli-responsive condensates without chemical cross-linking. These findings pave the way for adaptive soft materials with potential applications in drug delivery, artificial organelles, and bioengineering platforms.
Researchers discovered that mitochondrial dysfunction triggers a sophisticated metabolic response in brown fat cells, rewiring key enzymes to produce D-2HG. This metabolite modifies the cell nucleus, changing gene expression and nuclear structure, promoting adaptation and altering cellular identity.
Researchers at Nagoya University have developed a new lipid nanoparticle that delivers mRNA five times more efficiently, allowing better delivery of genetic instructions to cells. The study showed significant improvements in mRNA delivery and effective suppression of tumor growth in mice.
An international team has uncovered a new mechanism by which mitochondria and peroxisomes work together to defend against oxidative stress, maintaining cellular health. This discovery challenges the long-standing idea that cellular defense is confined within individual compartments.
Researchers have made a breakthrough in understanding malaria parasite proteins that could lead to targeted therapies. Two key proteins, PfRAP03 and PfRAP08, regulate gene expression in the apicoplast, a unique organelle found in P. falciparum. The loss of either protein led to parasite death, confirming their essential roles.
Two key proteins, Oxr1 and Ncoa7, regulate V-ATPase to maintain optimal luminal pH for glycosylation within the Golgi apparatus and trans-Golgi network. This discovery provides new insight into congenital disorders of glycosylation and their cellular mechanisms.
Researchers developed a systems approach to measuring organelle changes in living cells as they grow. The study found that certain organelles grow faster than others and that the vacuole plays a key role in buffering the cell against randomness.
Researchers have successfully modeled the synaptic vesicle cycle with unprecedented detail, shedding new light on how our brains function. The model predicts parameters of synaptic function that could not be tested experimentally, opening new avenues for neuroscience investigations.
Researchers have uncovered the mechanism by which ATP enters the endoplasmic reticulum, a process crucial for cellular function. The study reveals SLC35B1 as the key transporter protein, providing a promising target for therapeutic intervention.
Researchers at the University of Basel discovered that mitochondrial proteins assemble into large supercomplexes, crucial for providing cells with energy. These findings may lead to insights into human diseases and biotechnology applications.
A team of biologists has found that the endosymbionts of Strigomonadinae have lost virtually all genes required for division, instead relying on a nucleus-encoded protein to control their movement. This discovery provides insights into the evolution of organelles from bacteria and could lead to the development of synthetic symbiosis.
Researchers used super high-resolution 3D electron microscopy images to study primary cilia in mouse brain tissue, revealing new information about their organization and function. The findings provide insights into how cilia behave in their natural environment and could help scientists understand their role in disease.
Researchers have developed a method that precisely defines the locations of proteins within cells, revealing their relationships with one another. The team created a high-resolution map that organizes proteins according to their compartmentalization, providing crucial insights into cellular organization and response to infections.
Researchers have reviewed the therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells in treating inflammatory bowel disease. The study highlights the immunomodulatory, pro-regenerative, and anti-apoptotic properties of these vesicles, which may offer a safer alternative to conventional therapies.
Scientists have found that biomolecular condensates can cross membranes without specialized cutting proteins, a process called wetting, which is essential for plant survival. The study shows that these liquid droplets can exert large capillary forces on membranes, cutting them in two and enabling material exchange between cell parts.
Holotomography offers a promising approach to biomedical research, providing high-resolution images of live cells and tissues at the organelle level. The KAIST research team has developed core technologies and demonstrated its applications in various fields, including regenerative medicine and cancer research.
Researchers discovered that nuclei pack strongly, ordering cells into crystalline arrays, and control tissue stiffness. The study challenges the status quo, revealing a new role for nuclei in organ formation.
Kobe University researchers have discovered that the shimmering effect in some brown algae is due to the presence of tiny, uniform-sized spheres within cells called iridescent bodies. These microspheres reflect green light more than other colors, resulting in the alga's characteristic shine.
Researchers found that nutrient-starved cells divert ER exit sites to lysosomes for degradation, using a novel pathway to free up amino acids. This process involves the recruitment of molecules to direct ER exit sites to lysosomes, where they are destroyed and their components recycled.
Researchers found a symbiotic relationship between cyanobacteria UCYN-A and marine algae, B. bigelowii, where UCYN-A fix nitrogen gas into ammonium without regulating dinitrogen use. This suggests they may be on the path to becoming organelle-like structures.
Cells use autophagy as a recycling system to transport and break down damaged organelles, including mitochondria. A recent study reveals the molecular details of how an enzyme called TBK1 participates in mitophagy, a disease-relevant process linked to Parkinson's disease.
The Kobe University discovery identifies a new key player for synaptic function, revealing that the poorly characterized protein FAM81A interacts with at least three major postsynaptic proteins and modulates their condensation. The absence of this protein leads to a significant decrease in activity in cultured neurons.
A study published in PNAS reveals that HKDC1 protein plays a crucial role in maintaining mitochondrial and lysosomal function, thereby preventing cellular senescence. The researchers found that HKDC1 helps regulate the removal of damaged mitochondria through mitophagy and facilitates lysosomal repair.
A study published in EMBO Reports reveals that microautophagy is crucial for repairing damaged lysosomes, which helps prevent cellular aging. The researchers identified key regulators of this process, including STK38 and GABARAPs, and found that their depletion increases the rate of senescent cells and shortens lifespan in C. elegans.
Researchers developed a convolutional neural network to identify structures in cryo-X-Ray-microscopy data, achieving high accuracy within minutes. The AI-based analysis method enables faster evaluation of 3D X-ray data sets and has potential applications in studying cell responses to environmental influences.
Researchers discovered a novel technique to identify p62-body constituents, revealing a major subunit of the supramolecular protein complex vault. Vault-phagy, the degradation of vault through selective autophagy, regulates homeostatic vault levels and may be associated with liver cancer.
Scientists create a subcellular omics toolkit to study organelle diversity and communication in stem cells. The tool enables the identification of similar cell types, leading to more precise therapies for various diseases.
Researchers developed a new probe to measure pH levels in cells, revealing a constant conversion rate from endosomes to lysosomes. The probe's ability to track pH changes enables faster diagnosis and potential treatments for lysosomal diseases.
Researchers developed temporal compressive super-resolution microscopy (TCSRM) to overcome optical diffraction's spatial resolution restriction. TCSRM achieves high-speed imaging at 1200 frames per second with a spatial resolution of 100 nanometers, enabling observation of fast dynamics in fine structures.
Researchers have characterized the tar spot pathogen on a molecular level, revealing its virulence molecules target specific plant organelles. This study advances our understanding of plant-pathogen interactions and contributes to developing disease control strategies.
Researchers from Tokyo Medical and Dental University found that PQBP5/NOL10 is a core structural element of the nucleolus, forming a meshwork that supports other nucleolar substructures. It remains in the nucleolus under osmotic stress conditions and anchors reassembly of the nucleolar structure.
The study found that PodJ's phase separation plays a crucial role in forming and regulating the scaffold-signaling hub in Caulobacter crescentus. The researchers also identified a negative regulator, SpmX, which impedes PodJ condensate formation and promotes cell-pole remodeling.
The study uses 3D electron microscopy and live cell imaging to observe molecular tethers between organelles. These dynamic structures are constantly binding and unbinding, altering contact site configuration in response to cellular changes.
Researchers develop hybrid brightfield-darkfield transport of intensity approach, expanding accessible sample spatial frequencies and achieving 5-fold resolution increase. This method enables precise detection and quantitative analysis of subcellular features in large-scale cell studies.
Researchers at Duke-NUS Medical School have identified a protein called Spns1 that transports broken-down phospholipids out of lysosomes and into the cytoplasm, where they can be recycled. This finding further understanding of the role of lysosomes in lipid metabolism and disease, particularly in rare genetic disorders.
Scientists at Okayama University designed and tested a modified cholera toxin to study glycosylation in eukaryotic cells. They tracked the toxin's movement through organelles using bioluminescence, gaining insights into protein modification. This method may lead to new treatments for diseases caused by enzyme deficiencies.
Researchers from the Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics have identified a novel anti-bacterial pathway involving the inter-organellar crosstalk between phago-lysosomes and mitochondria. This pathway, mediated by TFEB, inhibits Salmonella growth in macrophages.
A research team developed a novel super-resolution microscopy technique combining metal-induced energy transfer and single-molecule localization microscopy. The method achieves isotropic three-dimensional imaging of sub-cellular structures, allowing for high-resolution analysis of protein complexes and organelles.
Researchers at Stowers Institute for Medical Research have developed a precise model for the stinging organelle of the starlet sea anemone, revealing its complex architecture and firing mechanism. The findings could lead to beneficial applications in medicine, including microscopic therapeutic delivery devices.
Researchers have discovered a common thread between multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, dementia with Lewy bodies, and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. A protein called TMEM106B forms fibrils in diseased brain tissue, potentially hobbling cells.
Researchers discovered that yeast cells can actively regulate temperature-dependent phase separation in their membranes. This process is crucial for membrane function and cell division. By adjusting the temperature, yeast cells can maintain a consistent state of phase separation, which may be essential for optimal cellular performance.
Researchers at Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology develop a novel strategy to quickly separate intact lysosomes with high purity using magnetic-plasmonic hybrid nanoparticles. The technique allows for rapid extraction of lysosomes from cells, reducing the time required compared to existing methods.
Researchers at the University at Buffalo have created model protein-RNA droplets with properties similar to those of viscoelastic Maxwell fluid and Silly Putty. These droplets exhibit dual behavior, acting like both elastic solids and viscous liquids, depending on the timescale.
A new machine learning algorithm has enabled researchers to automatically identify and map the inner structures of cells, including organelles, with unprecedented precision. By processing tens of thousands of high-resolution images, scientists have gained insights into how these structures interact and are arranged within the cell.