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Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study published in The EMBO Journal found that human eggs deliberately slow their internal waste disposal systems to maintain low metabolism and reduce damage. This minimalist strategy helps the cells stay pristine for decades, potentially leading to improved IVF success rates.
A fully automated ICSI system has successfully conceived the world's first baby, promising to transform fertility treatment with greater standardization and consistency. The system, developed by Conceivable Life Sciences, uses AI to position sperm cells and execute microinjection with unprecedented accuracy.
Researchers developed a new IVF method that uses glycans to bind and store sperm, increasing fertilization rates and prolonging sperm viability. The method aims to improve IVF success for both animals and humans, particularly in cases where timing mismatches between egg maturity and sperm viability are critical.
Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University have successfully generated feline embryonic stem cells, a major breakthrough for veterinary regenerative medicine. The high-quality stem cells can differentiate into various cell types and be transplanted to restore internal damage.
The exocyst complex is essential for proper transport of c-KIT and GDF9 within oocytes. A dysfunctional exocyst complex leads to female infertility.
UCSF researchers found that when brain cells of female mice express only a maternal X chromosome, their memory and cognitive skills deteriorate faster. This study could explain the variation in brain aging between the sexes and individual women.
A study by Osaka Metropolitan University experts found that male medaka can mate up to 19 times a day, releasing more than 50% of their daily sperm output in the first three matings. The fertilization rate decreases significantly after this point, with some cases showing no fertilization.
A new study in Addiction Biology suggests that cannabis use can cause chromosomal damage, leading to increased cancer risk and birth defects. This genotoxicity may be transmitted to offspring via damaged sperm or eggs.
A team of scientists has created a comprehensive atlas of early mammalian morphogenesis, revealing that individual events such as cell divisions and movements are highly chaotic. However, the embryos as a whole end up looking very similar to one another, with physical laws driving them to form a specific morphology shared among mammals.
A new method called VitelloTag has been developed at the Marine Biological Laboratory, allowing researchers to deliver miniature research tools into egg cells and embryos. The approach uses a yolk protein found in most animals to bind to the receptor on the egg cell surface, enabling efficient delivery of CRISPR-Cas9.
Researchers at Dartmouth College found that fruit fly oocytes can renew chromosome-linking proteins, potentially helping older women reduce pregnancy complications. The discovery could lead to new therapeutic strategies for enhancing protein rejuvenation in human eggs.
A new study reveals sex-specific effects of germline regulation on longevity and somatic repair in vertebrates. Removing the germline extends male lifespan and improves stress resistance in females.
A new study led by Karolinska Institutet reveals the mechanism of sperm entry into the egg, explaining how mutations in egg coat proteins cause female infertility. The research also suggests potential implications for non-hormonal contraceptives.
Researchers at OHSU have developed a new strategy to treat infertility by turning skin cells into eggs capable of producing viable embryos. The technique involves transferring the nucleus of a skin cell into a donated egg, reducing its chromosomes by half to create a fertilizable embryo.
A new study emphasizes the importance of strict legal rules governing fertility treatment in the UK, warning that recent court cases could create a common law exception to informed consent. The research highlights the need for rigorous consent regimes to protect vulnerable patients from exploitation and misuse of genetic material.
A study published in iScience found that DEET can affect meiosis, leading to abnormal chromosome structure and reduced egg cell quality. This raises concerns about the potential reproductive effects of DEET-containing products in humans. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and inform recommendations for balancing disea...
Researchers redesigned IVF needles to reduce fluid flow damage to eggs, improving oocyte collection and IVF success rates. The study uses computer models and mathematical simulations to optimize the design, which has been successfully tested in cattle, with plans for human trials.
A new specimen collection system has been developed to enhance assisted reproductive technologies by providing a simple one-step method for selecting high-quality sperm for ICSI. The system, known as NovaSort, uses a barrier mesh to isolate mobile sperm without damaging their DNA.
Researchers found that mature sperm carry only 100 organelles with mitochondria but no intact mtDNA. This discovery has important implications for human fertility and germ cell therapy, potentially limiting the risk of accumulating harmful mtDNA mutations.
A landmark study by University of Cambridge researchers found no difference in psychological wellbeing or quality of family relationships between children born through assisted reproduction and those born naturally. However, mothers who disclosed their child's origins early on reported more positive relationships and lower anxiety and ...
A new study published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B found that time-restricted fasting affects reproduction differently in male and female zebrafish. After returning to normal food consumption levels, females increased offspring production at the cost of reduced egg quality, while male sperm quality also decreased.
Scientists have developed a new microfluidic sperm selection device to improve IVF success rates. The device replicates the natural sperm selection process, resulting in an 85% improvement in DNA integrity and a 90% reduction in sperm cell death.
In a 50-generation evolutionary experiment, male beetles from lineages with intense sexual selection produced lower quality offspring after DNA-damaging radiation. This suggests that males invest more in competition at the expense of DNA repair, impacting future offspring survival and fertility.
Researchers at the University of California - Riverside have discovered a way to deactivate mosquito sperm, preventing them from swimming to or fertilizing eggs. This breakthrough could help control populations of Culex mosquitoes that transmit infectious diseases like encephalitis and West Nile Virus.
A new study reveals naked mole-rats produce eggs throughout their lives, contrary to the dogma that female mammals have a finite ovarian reserve. The research found that these rodents have exceptionally large numbers of egg cells and lower cell death rates compared to mice.
Researchers from Osaka University have identified a protein called FER1L5 that is crucial for the acrosome reaction, allowing sperm to fertilize eggs. The study found that mice lacking FER1L5 were unable to undergo the acrosome reaction, highlighting the importance of this protein in male fertility.
Researchers at the Max Delbrück Center have successfully generated primordial germ cells from stem cells, a world's first for a large mammalian species. This milestone aims to save the northern white rhino subspecies from extinction through lab-grown egg and sperm cells.
Researchers found that the Eya protein regulates cell contact behavior, allowing for self-organization of epithelial cells with nurse cells. This mechanism enables complex development processes, including egg chamber formation and sperm cell development, in Drosophila.
Researchers have developed a model of how human embryos are formed, revealing that genes are switched on almost immediately after fertilization. This discovery may also shed light on the origins of cancer, which is often diagnosed at an advanced stage.
Researchers discovered that human egg cells skip a crucial metabolic reaction to maintain their reproductive capacity without losing energy, allowing them to remain dormant in ovaries for up to 50 years. This finding explains why some women with mitochondrial conditions linked to this reaction do not experience reduced fertility.
A study reveals how consumer DNA testing is changing the way people seek information about genetic relatives in donor conception, including ethnic estimates and tracing half-siblings. The widespread availability of commercial DNA databanks is transforming the landscape of donor conception.
Researchers found that zinc ion serves as a master-regulator of various processes in sperm to facilitate fertilization. Zinc helps maintain sperm in the non-capacitated state, preventing premature capacitation during artificial insemination.
A new diagnostic marker has been identified that predicts successful and efficient oocyte development. The study found that X-chromosome inactivation and reactivation are critical for normal germ cell differentiation.
A new CNIC study warns that mitochondrial therapeutic interventions can cause damage due to the mixing of mitochondrial DNAs from two distinct origins. This can lead to medium- and long-term health issues, including heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and muscle loss.
Aging egg cells accumulate damage to genetic material, preventing maturation and fertilization. Researchers have identified a key process causing this damage and found that anti-viral drugs can reverse it.
Researchers found that epigenetic inheritance can affect the genetic composition of a population for multiple generations. Exposure to high temperatures accelerated the rate of evolution, increasing the spread of genes through mating.
A research team discovered that human eggs are missing the protein KIFC1, which acts as a molecular motor to stabilize spindle poles during cell division. This finding opens up new avenues for therapeutic approaches to reduce chromosome segregation errors in human eggs.
A new study examines why people object to bodily markets, revealing that both liberals and conservatives consider these markets morally wrong due to different reasons. Liberals believe commercialization can be exploitative, while conservatives view it as violating the sanctity of the human body.
Researchers at Kyushu University successfully reconstitute the ovarian follicle from mouse stem cells, generating functional egg cells and growing viable mice. This breakthrough could lead to new treatments for infertility and help conserve endangered animals through egg cell production.
Research from the University of Pennsylvania suggests that certain proteins have evolved to reduce biased chromosome inheritance, potentially avoiding mistakes and birth defects. The study found a parallel pathway suppressing selfish chromosomes, indicating an evolutionary arms race.
Researchers from Stockholm University found that animal sperm evolve rapidly only when fertilization occurs inside females. Sperm size varies dramatically among species, but internal fertilization leads to supersized sperm.
A study evaluating 22 patients with recurrent Anti-hormonal granulosa cell tumors found low-to-moderate FDG uptake and variable ERα/ERβ expression. FES-PET/CT showed promising results in identifying treatment-eligible patients, with stable tumor locations decreasing in size during anti-hormonal treatment.
Researchers at The Lundquist Institute have solved the long-standing debate on gamete and embryo transport within the Fallopian tube. Motile cilia are essential for oocyte pickup, while disruptions lead to female infertility and ectopic pregnancy.
A team of scientists successfully artificially inseminated 97 baby sharks, including some with no father at all, using a new technique that could help aquariums expand their shark breeding programs. The study found that freshly collected semen was effective in fertilizing eggs in 27.6% of cases.
Researchers have discovered the mechanism of follicle development by MIS, a key reproductive hormone that suppresses follicle growth and prevents ovulation. This understanding may lead to novel approaches to contraception, preserving eggs lost to aging or chemotherapy, and improving fertility treatment success.
Researchers found that competition for resources led to the development of vastly different sizes between egg cells and sperm cells. The study used mathematical modeling to demonstrate how natural selection favored larger gametes due to increased nutritional value, while smaller gametes required fewer resources.
A NIH study found that newborns conceived through IVF had certain chemical modifications to their DNA, but these changes were not seen in early childhood. The study also found no differences in growth and development for this group.
A study published in Nature Genetics found that a specific histone modification, H2AK119ub1, acts as a marker for inherited DNA functional modifications from the mother. The researchers discovered that without this modification, fertilized embryos can experience miscarriages and enlarged placentas.
Researchers from Nagoya University successfully capture images of female gamete formation in Arabidopsis thaliana, revealing how cell fate is determined and providing insights into plant adaptation. The study's findings have significant implications for understanding fertilization rates and environmental resistance in plants.
A new study in fruit flies reveals the process of oocyte growth relies on physical phenomena analogous to gas exchange between balloons. Nurse cells surrounding the larger oocyte dump their contents into it, using a counterintuitive mechanism where air flows from smaller to larger balloons.
Scientists have discovered that cell-spanning whirlpools in egg cells are formed by the collective behavior of rodlike molecular tubes called microtubules. The gyres distribute nutrients and guide development, likely observed in humans as well.
Researchers discovered that ovarian cancer cells undergo structural changes in their mitochondria to survive and proliferate in the peritoneal cavity. This adaptation enables aggressive cancerous cells to grow and spread, making it harder to detect and treat. Understanding these cellular adaptations could lead to new targeted therapies.
Researchers at Kyushu University identified eight transcription factors that can convert mouse stem cells directly into oocyte-like cells. These findings offer a simple route for generating specialized substances unique to oocytes for use in reproductive biology and medicine.
A study published in American Journal of Human Genetics found that more than 7% of human oocytes have exchangeless chromosome pairs, indicating a high level of meiotic recombination failure. The research suggests that these errors are common and not affected by maternal age.
A protein called CatSper1 acts as a molecular 'barcode', helping determine which sperm cells survive to fertilize an egg. The study's findings may enable new approaches to treating infertility by understanding the selection process in the female reproductive tract.
Researchers discovered a critical subunit, CatSper1, in winning sperm's racing stripes that helps control mobility and navigation. Sperm with intact channels advance further in the reproductive tract, while those without are eliminated.
Australian researchers have discovered a protein called SMCHD1 involved in the 'imprinting' process, where mother's proteins linger in her child's genes and switch off at least 10 different genes. This phenomenon could potentially have a lifelong impact on the offspring.
Researchers have developed a single-cell technique to assess the effects of age on egg cells in mice, identifying genomic and epigenetic factors that affect reproductive competence. The study provides new insights into mechanisms underlying egg quality and could lead to techniques to assess human egg cell quality.
Researchers at Kumamoto University have clarified the mechanism behind homologous chromosome pairing, a process necessary for sperm and egg formation. The study shows that cohesin acts as a marker to call HORMAD1 to the chromosome prior to homologous chromosome pairing, highlighting its importance in reproductive medicine.
Researchers used roundworms to uncover a DNA damage mechanism in sperm, which can lead to male infertility caused by high temperatures. The study provides insight into how temperature affects sperm development and suggests a potential molecular basis for heat stress-induced fertility issues.