Articles tagged with Ova
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Parthenogenesis is favorable for appearance and further existence of groups when population density is low, allowing rapid reproduction. Phytophagous insects reproducing by thelytoky can cause significant harm to agriculture and forestry.
A recent study examined the impact of scheduling IVF procedures on weekends versus weekdays. The results showed that delays of two days or longer may be unfavorable in some treatments, but may not affect live-birth rates for most IVF/ICSI treatments receiving single-embryo transfer.
A new study suggests that many pelvic tumors in women may have a common origin in the fallopian tubes, which could lead to new strategies for preventing and early detecting ovarian cancer. The research found that ovarian cancer cells share genetic similarities with cells covering the tips of fallopian tubes.
Researchers found a strong correlation between poor paternal diet and poor offspring survivorship in male fruit flies. The study suggests that the father's diet can play a significant role in shaping the health of their babies through epigenetic mechanisms.
Two Northwestern University studies uncover how egg cells use innovative strategies to detect and prevent division errors, leading to birth defects and miscarriages. The research identifies essential proteins for cell division and a backup process that ensures the correct number of chromosomes is received by the embryo.
Researchers found that older wombs have trouble supporting placenta growth, leading to poor blood supply and birth defects. The study suggests that aging wombs may contribute to increased risks of pregnancy complications in humans.
Scientists found that selecting longer-lived sperm increases the survival prospects and quality of offspring. The study used zebrafish to demonstrate that this selection can also carry over to the next generation. Longer-lived sperm produced offspring with higher fitness, including increased survival rates and faster swimming speeds.
Researchers have obtained the first 3D snapshots of a sperm protein attached to a complementary egg coat protein at the beginning of fertilization. The study reveals a common egg protein architecture involved in sperm recognition in both mollusc and mammal species.
Researchers have discovered two chemicals found in anti-fertility folk medicines that can block fertilization, potentially providing an effective alternative to hormone-based contraceptives. The chemicals, pristimerin and lupeol, work by stopping sperm's power kick, allowing for a new type of emergency contraceptive.
Researchers at National Tsing Hua University studied oval squid behavior in the East China Sea, discovering five common patterns of tone signals and movements used for communication. These patterns, compiled into an ethogram, will aid future behavioral studies in cephalopods and other species.
Researchers discovered that fats can tip the scales of fertility in roundworms by monitoring fatty acid levels using an enzyme called acyl-CoA synthase 4 (ACS-4). This phenomenon has implications for future studies into human fertility and reproductive development.
Exposure to high temperatures in Caenorhabditis elegans can lead to genetic changes that persist through both sperm and egg, affecting up to 14 generations. These changes are driven by a temperature-induced reduction in an enzyme, resulting in gene expression alterations that 'remember' the environmental stress.
A pioneering IVF technique has enabled the birth of a healthy baby boy, providing hope for families with inheritable mitochondrial disorders. The mother's mutation load was well below the expected threshold for the condition, paving the way for further research and potential changes in law and regulation.
Researchers developed a mathematical formula based on the rhythmic movement of a sperm's head and tail, reducing complexity in predicting sperm movement. The formula captures coordinated movements that create a jerky fluid flow, countering friction and ensuring selected sperm achieve forward propulsion.
Researchers have discovered a genetic mutation in the PLC-zeta protein that causes male infertility, but found that injecting more of this protein can restart fertilization. The study suggests that this form of infertility could be treated in the future.
Researchers have discovered the first occurrence of in situ preserved trilobite eggs from the Lorraine Group in upstate New York. The eggs are spherical to elliptical in shape and nearly 200 micrometers in size, providing valuable insights into the reproductive biology of ancient arthropods.
Researchers at the University of Edinburgh's Roslin Institute have successfully developed egg-free surrogate chickens using gene-editing techniques. These genetically modified hens can carry and deliver eggs from other breeds, aiming to boost breeding of endangered birds and improve commercial chicken production.
A Case Western Reserve University researcher discovered that the Cuatro Ciénegas cichlid, a rare fish species, employs a unique sneaking behavior to fertilize eggs, outpacing dominant males. This unusual strategy is found in only a few dozen of approximately 34,000 fish species worldwide.
A new lab technology in mouse studies could create embryos from sources like repurposed skin cells, offering potential benefits for infertility patients. However, it also raises concerns about ethics and the possibility of 'embryo farming' on a large scale.
Researchers found that dominant Arctic char produce sperm swimming faster in diluted ovarian fluid, while subordinate males produce faster-swimming sperm in water. These adaptations may give them an edge in competition for mates.
Researchers found that cytoplasmic DNA can accumulate beneficial substitutions faster than free-living sexual genomes. Cytoplasmic genomes, including mitochondria and plastids, undergo adaptation due to uniparental inheritance and egg cell selection against faulty mitochondria.
Researchers discovered that NLRP2 is specifically produced by egg cells and becomes more important to fertility as the mice age. The study suggests that mutations in NLRP2 may give rise to early menopause and other conditions associated with maternal fertility decline.
Plant biologists have developed a new CRISPR/Cas9 vector that efficiently knocks out genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, improving the method for genome engineering in various plant species. This breakthrough enables the study of genetic functions and potential applications in crops like Brassica napus.
Researchers at Nagoya University have successfully visualized asymmetric cell division in fertilized plant cells using live cell imaging. The study reveals how the direction of this division determines the body axis of flowering plants, with a small cell forming on top and a large cell at the bottom.
A study published in Scientific Reports found that endometriosis severely compromises egg quality by blocking maturation and causing damage from reactive oxygen species. Antioxidants may help prevent this damage, providing a potential solution for women struggling with infertility.
Researchers Srinivasan Vijayaraghavan and Doug Kline will study cellular mechanisms regulating sperm and egg formation, aiming to improve fertility treatments. They hope to understand protein interactions and cellular processes that make fertilization successful, leading to better outcomes for assisted reproductive programs.
Researchers have successfully created healthy baby mice by injecting sperm into embryos developed from non-egg cells, achieving a success rate of up to 24 per cent. This breakthrough challenges the long-held dogma that only egg cells can support embryonic development.
A team of biologists has identified a cannabinoid receptor, GPR18, in spermatozoa that plays a crucial role in the acrosome reaction and fertilization process. The receptor is sensitive to NAGly and THC, and its activation triggers the acrosome reaction.
Researchers have discovered that female ocellated wrasses prefer sperm from nesting males over sneaker males, even when fertilization occurs externally. This phenomenon, known as cryptic female choice, is driven by the ovarian fluid released during spawning, which enhances sperm velocity and attraction to the egg.
A Japanese research group has determined the crystal structure of the JUNO protein, an essential egg surface protein for fertilization. The study found that a specific amino acid residue, W62, is critical for sperm-egg interaction, providing new insights into the fertilization mechanism.
Researchers discovered that some frog species hide eggs on land to reduce competition from other males, leading to smaller testes in males with terrestrial reproductive modes. This finding sheds light on evolutionary forces driving diversity and provides insights for conservationists.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have identified a new pathway in ovarian cancer cells that can be targeted by drugs, reducing metastasis. The newly uncovered pathway depends on activity of protein FER, which activates receptor MET, leading to elevated motility and invasiveness.
A large multicentre study found that freeze-all embryo protocols are associated with significantly improved IVF outcomes, particularly in women over 35. The study showed a 13% increase in ongoing pregnancy rates for these patients compared to traditional fresh embryo transfer methods.
A new study reveals that paternal mitochondria are degraded in early stages of development, reducing the risk of embryo lethality. The cps-6 gene plays a key role in initiating this self-destruction process, which may be an evolutionary advantage for the embryo.
Scientists have described a new mating position in the Bombay night frog, where males straddle over females' backs to release sperm without physical contact. This behavior is unique among anuran amphibians and has significant implications for understanding reproductive strategies.
Researchers found that 'super swimmers' with shorter heads and longer tails are better equipped to reach the egg due to their shape. These traits help sperm swim faster through the vagina, increasing the chances of fertilization. The study's findings may lead to new directions in human fertility research.
A study published in Cell Stem Cell found that small amounts of mitochondrial DNA can override the mitochondria in donor cells after nuclear transfer, raising concerns about the therapy's safety and effectiveness. The researchers are now exploring strategies to avoid this carryover and ensure complete mitochondrial DNA replacement.
Scientists discovered that the size of zinc sparks in human eggs is a direct measure of their quality and ability to develop into embryos. This breakthrough could lead to non-invasive and easily visible methods to assess egg health before implantation.
Researchers at Nagoya University have identified a sugar chain molecule called AMOR that increases the efficiency of plant fertilization. The team synthesized a disaccharide version of AMOR, which also activates pollen tubes to respond to attractant molecules, leading to successful fertilization.
Researchers at EMBL have observed the elimination of centrioles from starfish egg cells, a process essential for viable embryo development. The study reveals the role of appendages in directing centriole expulsion and provides insights into the molecular logic underlying this mechanism.
Researchers uncover a protein receptor that responds to progesterone, triggering a power kick that allows sperm to penetrate an egg. A drug inactivating this receptor may lead to a unisex contraceptive effective for both men and women.
Researchers have discovered a molecule that boosts sperm cell activity, allowing them to reach the egg. This finding may lead to new options for male contraception and treatments for infertility related to sperm mobility issues.
Researchers at Nagoya University have discovered a key kinase receptor in pollen tubes that allows them to detect LURE peptides produced by ovules, guiding fertilization. This finding may lead to improved efficiency of pollen tube growth and increased success rate of fertilization.
Researchers develop a novel microfluidic device called the 'IVF chip' that enables high-resolution imaging of the initial steps of fertilization. The device allows scientists to observe the fusion of sperm and egg, membrane remodeling, and sperm DNA incorporation into the egg.
Researchers discover that mammalian egg cells acquire essential cellular components from their undifferentiated sister cells, called germ cells. This mechanism, previously only documented in lower animals, is believed to play a crucial role in the unique properties of eggs.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have determined the 3D structure of Juno, a mammalian egg protein essential for triggering gamete fusion. The study reveals that changes in Juno's shape alter its ability to bind with sperm protein Izumo1, bringing scientists closer to understanding fertilization.
Researchers identified a set of proteins that play a key role in preventing errors during healthy cell formation. The study sheds light on mechanisms involved in egg cell formation and may aid understanding of infertility, stillbirths, and birth defects.
A new microscopy method developed by Tel Aviv University researchers can identify strong sperm candidates without staining, improving the success rates of assisted reproductive technology treatments. The device uses phase imaging methods to assess sperm viability and is cost-effective enough to be used in any doctor's office.
Scientists have developed motorized spermbots that can deliver poor swimmers to an egg, improving chances of conception. The technique uses tiny metal helices controlled by a rotating magnetic field and has shown promising results in lab testing.
For the first time, a litter of puppies was born through in vitro fertilization, thanks to work by Cornell University researchers. The breakthrough enables conserving endangered canid species and study genetic diseases, as dogs share more than 350 similar disorders with humans.
A recent study published in Scientific Reports reveals that sperm utilize proteins from the visual system, known as opsins, to detect temperature differences in the fallopian tube. This allows them to navigate and orient towards the warmer egg location, ensuring successful fertilization.
Studies reveal crucial role of histone chaperone protein in maintaining epigenetic landscape and genomic fidelity. Deletion of key protein leads to severe developmental defects, DNA damage, and compromised gene regulation.
Researchers at the University of Delaware have discovered oviductosomes, tiny particles that help sperm prepare for fertilization. These particles are attached to the sperm like decorations and transfer critical molecules, including a calcium clearance pump, that aid in the fertilization process.
Researchers found that retrieving eggs from smaller follicles at an earlier stage in IVF improves embryo quality and clinical pregnancy rates. Granulosa cells' reduced ability to grow and multiply in older women's ovaries was linked to increased hormone sensitivity, leading to premature luteinisation.
The protein RGS2 plays a vital role in preserving the fertilizability of the ovulated egg by suppressing premature calcium release. In mouse studies, RGS2 delays an egg's development to allow time for sperm to arrive and merge with the egg in a healthy fertilization process.
The structure of Oskar's two domains has been solved, enabling researchers to understand how the protein functions in developing reproductive cells. The OSK domain binds to RNA, while the LOTUS domain interacts with an enzyme called Vasa helicase, which is crucial for germ plasm formation.
Researchers at RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology found that as egg cells mature in older women, paired chromosomes separate prematurely, leading to early division and incorrect segregation. This results in age-related chromosomal errors, such as Down syndrome and miscarriages.
Researchers at UVA Health System have identified a critical protein, ESP1, that stabilizes the site of sperm-egg fusion. This discovery may pave the way for the development of a male contraceptive by targeting the protein's interactions.
Researchers have identified a genetic switch that determines whether germ cells become sperm or eggs in the medaka fish. In females lacking this gene, sperm are produced in the ovaries and function normally, challenging the long-held assumption of sex determination being linked to body appearance.
New experiments on Japanese rice fish reveal that the fox13 gene determines whether a germ cell becomes an egg or sperm cell. Disrupting fox13 in adult fish with two X chromosomes leads to functional sperm formation in females.