Articles tagged with T Cell Responses
Researchers have generated tools to understand the pig immune system's killer T cell responses to influenza, allowing for the design of more effective vaccines. The breakthrough research uses a unique line of pigs and can be applied to other important pig diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease and African swine fever.
A new type of cancer vaccine made from patients' own immune cells has yielded promising results in an initial clinical trial. The vaccine triggers a broad anti-tumor T-cell response, with half of the vaccinated patients showing signs of improved survival and one patient remaining disease-free for five years.
A new cellular pathway regulates CD4+ T cell response via mast cells, providing an alternative approach for treating autoimmune diseases, infections, and cancer. NAD+ administration was shown to protect against lethal doses of infection in a pre-clinical model.
Researchers at Helmholtz Munich have discovered a new cofactor, NUFIP2, that works with Roquin to regulate the immune response. This cooperative regulation helps limit immune responses to specific reactions and prevents inflammatory reactions.
Early dysregulation of cellular energy metabolism appears characteristic of chronic hepatitis C infection. Gene expression patterns in HCV-specific CD8 T cells differentiate between chronic and resolving HCV infections, offering potential avenues for predicting disease outcome and intervening before failure.
A recent study found that pre-existing immunity to dengue virus modulates the magnitude and breadth of the immune system's T cell response to Zika. This shape the subsequent CD8+ T cell response to Zika in mice, with implications for vaccine development.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology have discovered that CD8+ T cells, a subset of killer T cells, control Zika infection and limit disease severity. The study provides a new tool to track Zika-specific T cells, which can help understand the virus's transmission and neurological complications.
Australian researchers discovered that immune T cells develop in 'families' programmed to divide and die at different times after an infection is detected. This understanding may underpin future improvements in vaccination and the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Researchers found that a western-style high fat diet can affect the immune system prior to weight gain, altering T cell responses and potentially leading to autoimmune disease. The study revealed that dietary lipids directly influence T cell activation and responsiveness by changing the composition of the T cell membrane.
Researchers at Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute have identified a new regulator of immune responses, PSGL-1, which acts as a negative regulator of T cell function. The study found that PSGL-1 is required to increase levels of immune checkpoints, allowing T cells to remain active longer than normal.
Researchers found that a mutation in the protein shell of the John Cunningham polyomavirus can affect the immune system's response to the infection, leading to progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. This discovery may help prevent the disease in autoimmune patients on immunosuppressant therapies.
Researchers developed DNA-based tension sensors to study T cell interactions. They found that T cells use precise mechanical tugs to test whether a cell is a friend or foe, with stronger tugs indicating a foreign invader. This discovery could aid in the development of immune therapies for cancer and treatments for autoimmune diseases.
A recent study identified transthyretin (TTR) as an antigen that stimulates B and T cell immune responses in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Elevated levels of TTR in synovial joint fluid were found in some patients, leading to increased TTR autoantibodies.
A study found that older individuals and those with neuroinvasive disease have elevated and atypical T cell responses, promoting pathogenic outcomes. The researchers suggest that immune-mediated damage may contribute to neurologic symptoms in West Nile Virus infection.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology identified the matchmaker that brings critical calcium channel components together, allowing calcium to rush into cytosol. This finding provides a potential target for developing drugs to modulate T cell activation status.
Researchers at BIDMC have identified a novel strategy to decrease immune responses in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), by targeting the ecto-enzyme CD39 on Tc1 immune cells and modulating purinergic signaling. This approach shows promise for reducing inflammation and improving symptoms in patients with IBD.
A recent study by the UC Davis team has discovered that an early inflammatory response can 'paralyze' CD4 T cells, a crucial component of the immune system. This finding could lead to more effective cancer treatments and new approaches for managing autoimmune conditions.
A study published in the Journal of Experimental Medicine suggests that PD-1 does not directly cause T cell exhaustion. Instead, it helps regulate the balance between different T cell types, preserving a 'reserve force' that can fight on later. This finding has implications for cancer and antiviral therapies.
Researchers at SLU discover a mechanism to train potentially aggressive T-cells to become regulatory T cells that police other T cells' responses. Increased expression of CD5 helps these self-reactive T-cells survive and become 'T-cell policemen', minimizing the risk of autoimmune disease.
Researchers analyzed T and B cells from four Ebola survivors, finding surprisingly high levels of immune activation. The findings contradict previous research suggesting impaired immune responses and have implications for developing vaccines against Ebola.
Researchers found that vaccines eliciting only CD4 T cell responses led to an overwhelming inflammatory reaction in mice, while those with both CD4 and CD8 responses were protected. This study cautions against developing vaccines that solely target one arm of the immune system.
Researchers used mathematical models to predict immune response size based on T cell signaling, providing insights into manipulating immune responses for cancer treatment. The study also shed light on how 'errors' in immune response contribute to autoimmune disease.
Chronic drinking is associated with a reduced CD8 T cell response to the influenza virus, leading to increased disease severity. However, some effector functions of CD8 T cells remain intact, suggesting that alcohol may have distinct effects on the immune system.
Researchers discovered that innate lymphoid cells become activated during inflammation, inducing specific T and B cell responses. These findings open up new avenues for treating infection and chronic inflammation.
Celldex Therapeutics' Phase 1 study of CDX-1401 demonstrates robust antibody and T cell responses, with evidence of clinical benefit in patients with very advanced cancers. The vaccine induces durable humoral and cellular immunity, with stable disease observed in a significant proportion of patients.
Researchers at UCSF have identified a new way to manipulate the immune system that may keep it from attacking the body's own molecules in autoimmune diseases. The study discovered a distinctive type of immune cell called eTAC, which puts a damper on immune responses and prevents autoimmune diabetes in mice.
A team of researchers has discovered a previously unknown mechanism that prevents the immune system from going into overdrive, shedding light on autoimmune diseases, allergies and chronic inflammation. The discovery could lead to new therapeutics for disorders caused by faulty immune responses.
Researchers discovered that innate lymphoid cells limit the response of inflammatory T cells to commensal bacteria in the gut, keeping a truce between the immune system and 'good' microbes. This finding suggests new therapeutic strategies for chronic diseases like IBD, HIV/AIDS, and cancer.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital identified a 'rheostat' mechanism in T cell receptors that regulates the immune response, enabling cells to scale their response according to the threat. This finding offers insights into advancing understanding and treatment of problems like autoimmune disorders and cancer.
Researchers at the La Jolla Institute discovered that T cells contribute to host protection against dengue virus infection, contradicting current scientific understanding. This finding may lead to a new approach in dengue vaccine design, potentially improving its effectiveness against the deadly disease.
Research published in Journal of Leukocyte Biology reveals that progesterone receptor regulates helper T cells required for developing antibodies. This regulation affects immunity against diseases like malaria and herpes simplex virus, and sheds light on autoimmune disease remission during pregnancy.
Researchers discovered a subpopulation of HIV-specific CD4 T cells that can directly kill HIV-infected cells, suggesting a role in controlling viral loads. Elevated expression of the cell-death protein granzyme A distinguishes these cells from those unable to control viral replication.
Researchers studied the role of immune responses in oncolytic adenovirus therapy and found that CD8+ T cells mediate antitumor efficacy. The study proposes a new therapeutic regime combining oncolytic adenovirus with immunotherapy.
Researchers found that individuals with high numbers of Ad5-reactive T cells generated a weaker immune response to HIV vaccines. This finding may impact the efficacy of future vaccines using adenoviruses other than Ad5.
Scientists have designed a new type of nanoparticle that can deliver synthetic versions of proteins normally produced by viruses, eliciting a strong immune response comparable to live virus vaccines. The nanoparticles consist of concentric fatty spheres that can be used to develop vaccines against cancer and infectious diseases.
Researchers from BUSM have identified a key role for monocytes in maintaining pro-inflammatory T cells, promoting chronic inflammation associated with Type 2 diabetes. The study suggests that restoring balance among immune system cells could be a novel treatment approach.
The Novartis 2010 Immunology Prizes were awarded to Professor Michael Bevan and Charles Dinarello, and Juerg Tschopp, for their contributions to basic and clinical immunology. The prizes recognize individual achievement and provide financial support for further research.
A study found that the protein tPA protects nerve cells in the brain from death caused by reduced blood flow, leading to two proposed models for its protective effect. Another study identified IL-15 as a potential new target for treating type II refractory celiac disease.
A U Alberta-led team studied T cell activation using nanotechnology, revealing how CD45 molecule interacts with other molecules in the cell. This understanding could lead to controlling T cells and developing new treatments for autoimmune diseases.
Researchers found that adding three specific molecules to a vaccine increased the effectiveness of protective T cell responses in mice. The quality, not just the quantity, of these responses was enhanced. This discovery could lead to new adjuvants for improving vaccine efficacy.
T cells from XLP patients are resistant to cell death triggered by repeated stimulation of the TCR complex. This resistance enables uncontrolled T cell expansion upon infection with common viruses like infectious mononucleosis.
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) exhibit diminished immune responses to the flu vaccine, including lower antibody and cell-mediated responses. The study found that vaccination did not induce disease activity, but may increase morbidity and mortality due to influenza infection in these patients.
A study by Dan Barouch and colleagues at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center found no correlation between Ad5 neutralizing antibodies and T-cell immune responses. The researchers suggest using rare serotype vectors to develop HIV-1 vaccines that are not suppressed by baseline vector-specific neutralizing antibodies.
Researchers found that interleukin-21 (IL-21) sustains T-cells' ability to mount an immune response during long-lasting infection. Without IL-21, CD8 T-cells dwindle, preventing the immune system from containing viral spread.
Researchers discovered a new mechanism that affects the immune system's ability to respond to certain vaccine components. The study found that low-stability peptide:MHC class II complexes support initial T cell expansion, but competitive responses to immunodominant peptides stall the response.
A DNA-based therapeutic vaccination has shown antiviral effects in patients with chronic hepatitis C, with 67% experiencing significant reductions in viral load. The vaccine, developed using naked DNA delivered by electroporation, was found to induce immune responses and activate the host T cell response in patients.
Research suggests that dendritic cells are essential for generating and maintaining immunological tolerance. Without these cells, the immune system fails to distinguish between self and foreign substances, leading to autoimmune responses. This study highlights the critical role of dendritic cells in protecting against autoimmune diseases.
Researchers found seven different receptors on T cells that can tamp down immune responses, leading to exhaustion. Blocking multiple inhibitory receptors, such as PD-1 and LAG-3, improved T cell responses and viral control.
A new study in mice with an MS-like disease found that the brain's response to a specific immune protein, interferon-g (IFNg), dictates which part of the brain is attacked. This discovery may bring scientists closer to understanding the variable manifestations of human multiple sclerosis.
A recent study published in PLOS Pathogens found that T cell proliferation is delayed by up to three days after infection, which may provide an evolutionary safeguard against autoimmune responses. This delay allows the immune system's front-line innate response to quickly control the infection before memory cell division takes place in...
A new study shows that immune cells battling chronic viral infections undergo changes that make them progressively less effective over time. Interventions, such as blocking the PD-1 pathway, can alleviate T-cell exhaustion and restore disease-fighting capability.
Two candidate vaccines have shown promise in a recent study, demonstrating an immune response in healthy adults and inducing positive CD4 T cell responses. The combination of DNA priming and rAd5 boosting may lead to higher levels of T cell responses and improved vaccine efficacy.
Scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery on how the body's T cells react to parasitic diseases. The study found that T cells focus on specific peptides in response to infection, including Chagas Disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. This new understanding may lead to improved vaccine development for all parasitic diseases.
Researchers have made significant breakthroughs in cancer vaccine development and cardiac health. A study on mice vaccinated with mimotopes inducing intermediate magnitude T cell responses found protection against tumor growth, while a study on Casq2-deficient mice revealed the mechanisms behind irregular heartbeats during exercise.
Researchers found that vaccines inducing intermediate T cell responses effectively protected mice from tumor growth, while those with high responses did not. The study suggests re-evaluating the role of T cell response magnitude in vaccine development.
COX-2 inhibitors increase myocardial infarction and stroke risk due to suppression of prostacyclin and PGE2. Inhibiting microsomal PGE synthase-1 may offer anti-inflammatory effects without cardiovascular consequences, suggesting a potential alternative therapeutic option.
Memory CD8+ T cells reactive to old flu infections exacerbate EBV infection by stimulating different T cell activities, leading to lymphoproliferation and altered disease course. This study highlights the potential importance of cross-reactive T cells in human disease states.
A study published in PLoS Medicine reveals that the body's T cell response to parvovirus B19 persists long after symptoms have cleared, contradicting previous assumptions about the virus. This finding has significant implications for vaccine development and treatment of this viral infection.
Researchers found that chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 induce DC maturation and enhance T-cell proliferation. Mice lacking these chemokines showed partially activated DCs, highlighting their crucial role in full maturation and proper T-cell activation.
Researchers found that HIV-specific CD4+ T cell population remains intact after treatment cessation, with increased turnover and activation upon viral rebound. This suggests a potential mechanism for the immune system to respond to viral infections.