Articles tagged with Parasitism
Research found that air pollution from diesel exhaust and ozone significantly reduces the reproductive success of parasitic wasps controlling aphids on oilseed rape plants. The pollutants alter plant chemistry, attracting a specific wasp species more successfully.
Researchers discovered that plants can regulate their microbiome through the secretion of flavonoids, which affect beneficial and harmful microorganisms around plant roots. This delicate balance helps protect plants from parasitic nematodes, reducing susceptibility to infection.
A study led by Washington University in St. Louis found that nonlethal parasitic infections reduce herbivory rates and trigger trophic cascades impacting plant communities. The research used a mathematical model and global meta-analysis to highlight the ecological consequences of common parasitic infections in wild animals.
A new analysis from Emory University reveals a significant increase in the parasitism rate of monarch butterflies over 50 years, with the O.E. parasite infecting up to 10% of eastern monarch populations. The rise in infection rates may endanger the mass migration of monarchs, threatening their survival.
Scientists at UCR have discovered a new species of nematode parasite that infects and kills tarantulas, exhibiting strange behaviors like walking on tiptoe and loss of fang control. The parasite, Tarantobelus jeffdanielsi, is named after actor Jeff Daniels, who saved fictional spiders in the 1990 film Arachnophobia.
Researchers have developed a database of parasite-host interactions among ancient ocean animals, shedding light on the evolution of biodiversity and the impact of parasitism on ecosystems. The study suggests that parasites can positively stabilize coastal ecosystems, making them more stable despite individual harm to hosts.
A breakthrough oral vaccine candidate has been developed to prevent hookworm infection, which affects half a billion people worldwide. The vaccine triggers a strong immune response and reduces worm numbers by up to 94% in mice trials.
A new study led by Rachel Penczykowski investigates the hydra effect in water fleas, where parasite infections trigger a counterintuitive increase in population density. The researchers found that infected water fleas consume less algae, leading to an abundance of resources for uninfected individuals.
Researchers found medium tree finch nests with high parasite survival rates, while hybrid finches had lower rates. Nestling behaviour also predicted naris deformation due to vampire fly parasitism.
A study on the Orobanchaceae parasitic plant Phtheirospermum japonicum reveals that β-1,4-glucanase enzyme is crucial for both plant parasitism and cross-species grafting. The enzyme facilitates cell-cell adhesion and transport of water and nutrients between the parasite and host plants.
Researchers found that anglerfishes with permanent attachments lack key immune molecules, leading to a severely blunted immune response. Instead, they rely on improved innate immune facilities to defend themselves against infections.
Deep-sea anglerfish have evolved a unique immune system that allows them to temporarily or permanently fuse with their mates without experiencing immune rejection. This altered immunity, which lacks adaptive immune functions, has helped facilitate the evolutionary success of these species.
Scientists report declines in caterpillar diversity and density, as well as losses in biocontrol of herbivores by parasitoids. Climate change is partly blamed for these changes, with increased precipitation variability and shifts in mean temperatures affecting ecosystems.
Biologists have discovered that coral reef fish take advantage of parental care to raise their own young. Genetic tests revealed that many parents were caring for mixed broods of young from different species. The study found evidence of both adoption and brood parasitism, with unrelated young fish benefiting from parental protection.
Researchers found that cuckoos, known as greater anis, act collectively but become social parasites after their nests are destroyed. They switch to a strategy of spreading eggs around other nests, achieving similar reproductive success to cooperative breeding.
Scientists have video-documented two types of brood parasitism by scuttle flies, attacking immature ants in Brazil and Costa Rica. The observation reveals that these behaviors may not be as rare as previously thought, offering a glimpse into the remarkable behaviors of phorid flies.
Research identifies genetic basis for social parasitism in Cape bees, where worker bees can reproduce asexually. The study reveals that multiple genes are required for this trait, including those involved in hormonal signaling and chromosomal segregation.
A newly discovered ant species, the mirror turtle ant (Cephalotes specularis), has been found to use social parasitism by mimicking its host ant's movements and scent. The study reveals that nearly 90% of host territories are parasitized.
A new study suggests that swallows and martins in Europe build their nests close to humans to reduce the risk of cuckoo parasitism. By breeding indoors, these birds can avoid ejecting model cuckoo eggs from their nests, thus reducing the likelihood of cuckoo parasitism.
Female zebra finches often outsource parental care to neighbors, with 1 in 20 eggs being a 'cuckoo egg'. Most cuckoo eggs are laid shortly before the host parents start breeding.
Researchers found that coots can recognize their own chicks and reject impostor chicks, a remarkable cognitive ability that helps them defend against parasitic chicks. This skill is essential for the survival of coot offspring, as parents learn to identify their own chicks through the first-hatched chicks.
Researchers found that inexperienced reed warblers learn to defend themselves by observing the mobbing behavior of other members of their species. This social learning enables them to fine-tune their defenses against cuckoo parasites, a mechanism that responds rapidly to changes in parasitism.
Researchers found that reed warblers employ a defense-in-depth strategy by mobbing model cuckoos at high-risk nests, reducing parasitism rates. Mobbing is adaptive in contexts where brood parasitism varies spatially and temporally.
The study completes the genome sequence and genetic map of Meloidogyne hapla, a microscopic worm causing significant crop damage. The research provides a powerful platform for understanding parasitism and developing eco-friendly management strategies.
Researchers are cataloging genes essential to parasitism in three types of parasitic plants, including broomrape, witchweed, and owl's clovers. The study aims to increase knowledge on the genomics of parasitism in plants and develop strategies to control devastating weeds.
New insights into the co-evolutionary relationship between sawflies and their parasites show that parasitism promotes ecological divergence in herbivorous insects. The study reveals a food web involving willow trees, sawflies, and parasites feeding on sawfly larvae.
Researchers found that when cowbird eggs were removed from warbler nests, the nests were ransacked 56% of the time, but only 6% when the eggs were accepted. This suggests that cowbirds engage in 'mafia' behavior to encourage hosts to raise their young.
Researchers at the University of Georgia have discovered a way to halt damage caused by root-knot nematodes, devastating plant pathogens worldwide. By genetically modifying plants with RNA interference, they've created crops resistant to all four most economically important species, offering a sustainable solution for growers.
Researchers found that black-headed duck eggs are often rejected from host nests of red-gartered and red-fronted coot species, which employ defenses against their own species' brood parasites. This rejection is due to coots' adaptations to counter intraspecific brood parasitism, leaving the ducks evolutionarily stranded.
A new study reveals that cowbird chicks survive and even grow faster when raised in noisy nests with host siblings, rather than alone. By joining their nestmates in a chirping chorus, the cowbirds are able to monopolize food attempts from parents and reap the benefits of shared parental care.
Female coots can accurately count their own eggs in a mixture, rejecting parasitic eggs and altering clutch size. This remarkable feat provides insight into the complex defense mechanisms used by coots to thwart brood parasitism.
Strepsipteran insects have eyes with larger lenses and more receptors, allowing them to sample 'chunks' of the visual field instead of points. This unique structure improves their visual capabilities and is similar to that of extinct arthropods like trilobites.