Articles tagged with Eukaryotes
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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A new study supports the idea that hydrogen played a crucial role in the emergence of eukaryotes, the first nucleated cells. The research suggests that the Lokiarchaeota, an enigmatic group of microorganisms, use hydrogen for metabolism, providing evidence for the 'hydrogen hypothesis' of eukaryote evolution.
The OmCyn cyanobacterium has been found to have a worldwide distribution, hidden by its symbiotic relationship with a dinoflagellate. The discovery represents an ecologically important group of cyanobacteria and suggests that other undiscovered cryptic cyanobacterial lineages may exist.
Researchers discovered an unconventional signaling pathway in Trypanosoma brucei, a parasite that causes sleeping sickness. The study identifies a new compound activator for protein kinase A (PKA), potentially leading to targeted therapies.
The study reveals that only one amino acid residue plays a critical role in cleavage function for prokaryotic Ago, whereas its counterpart in eukaryotes has multiple roles. The discovery sheds light on how the cleavage functions evolve from prokaryotes to eukaryotes.
Scientists studying archaeal microorganisms discovered essential genes critical for their growth, which may hold clues to the origin of eukaryotic cells. The research also found that archaea have unique surface structures that provide protection, contradicting previous beliefs.
University of Nebraska-Lincoln researchers found epigenetic traits in Sulfolobus solfataricus, a species of archaea that thrive in acidic environments. The discovery could accelerate the study of epigenetics in humans, potentially leading to new insights into trait inheritance and management.
Scientists have identified the biochemical pathway that allows bioluminescent fungi to light up and created an artificially luminescent eukaryote by inserting the necessary genes into a non-glowing yeast. The discovery could lead to widespread applications, including glowing plants and animals.
Two independent studies found that mistletoe lacks key components of the cellular machinery to convert glucose into ATP. This loss is associated with a remodeled respiratory chain and reduced ATP generation by mitochondria.
A University of Iowa biologist discovered a virus family whose set of genes is similar to that of eukaryotes, helping clarify the evolution of eukaryotes after branching from prokaryotes. Giant viruses like Marseilleviridae may have been the source of these genes.
A study suggests that photosynthetic eukaryotes originated around 1.9 billion years ago through endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria, giving rise to archaeplastids including land plants and algae. The analysis reveals that the common ancestor of these organisms likely emerged in freshwater habitats.
A study published in Science reveals that archaeal DNA folding is identical to the process found in more complex organisms, suggesting an early prototype for the eukaryotic nucleosome. This discovery sheds light on the evolutionary origins of genome folding and raises questions about the common ancestor of life.
Researchers assembled a comprehensive tree of prokaryotic life, exploring grand patterns of evolutionary change. The findings suggest that diversity is not limited by existing diversity or environmental changes, but rather results from random lineage splitting.
Researchers studied how epigenetics regulate vital functions in bacteria, simple eukaryotes, and complex organisms like humans. The study reveals that epigenetic mechanisms play a crucial role in regulating development, gene expression, and disease susceptibility.
Researchers propose that eukaryotic life arose through a gradual transfer of molecular machinery from archaea to bacteria. The discovery of Lokiarchaeum's genome reveals a complex organization, sparking debate about the earliest stages of eukaryogenesis.
Researchers discovered a eukaryote that lacks mitochondria and uses a cytosolic sulfur mobilization system to function. The organism, Monocercomonoides, is related to human pathogens and lives in low-oxygen environments.
A research team has mapped the structure of a unique nuclear pore complex found in trypanosomes, an ancient parasite species diverged from yeast and humans. The study reveals that the architecture of the inner ring is similar across different eukaryotes, while the outer ring exhibits distinct features, suggesting an ancient origin.
Stanford scientists discover tetrahymanol, a fatty molecule used as an indicator for life on early Earth, in bacterial membranes. The finding suggests many bacteria might produce the lipid, challenging conventional wisdom.
The discovery of microfossils in rocks dating back 1.5 billion years has confirmed the existence of eukaryotes, shedding light on their evolution and origins. The analysis of steroid molecules revealed no signs of contamination, contradicting previous findings.
A new study has uncovered Lokiarchaeota, a missing link in the evolution of eukaryotes, revealing unexpected complexity in its genome. The discovery provides insights into the emergence of organelles and cellular structure in early eukaryotic cells.
A new study reviews fossils from the Weng'an biota, revealing evidence of cellular, tissue, and reproductive differentiation in ancient red algae and animal embryos. The findings support the evolutionary transition into complex multicellularity and shed light on the early evolution of eukaryotic multicellularity.
A team of researchers has found fossils indicating complex multicellularity in ancient organisms around 600 million years ago, contradicting previous interpretations. This discovery sheds new light on the evolution of multicellular life and could have significant implications for our understanding of the Cambrian Explosion.
Researchers date cyanobacterial invasion into one-celled plants to 900 million years ago, revealing new insights into the origins of photosynthesis. By analyzing fossil and genetic evidence, they estimated the age of this ancient event, providing a more precise timeline for the evolution of plant and animal cells.
A UC Riverside-led research team tested the hypothesis that low zinc levels delayed eukaryote diversification, finding instead high seawater zinc availability throughout Earth's history. The study suggests that ferruginous deep oceans and volcanic activity maintained stable zinc levels.
A new study suggests that up to one million marine species may inhabit the world's oceans. The current number of identified species is around 230,000, but estimates vary widely, ranging from 540,000 to 972,000. Despite this uncertainty, researchers agree that only about 1/3 of ocean biodiversity has been discovered.
Researchers at Brookhaven Lab used cryo-electron microscopy to visualize how protein machines bind to DNA strands, setting up for duplication. This study may lead to new ways to attack cancers by targeting the basic process of cell division.
Researchers analyzed evolutionary history of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) superfamily in eukaryotes, finding ancestral proteins with diverse functions. The study suggests that the PARP superfamily is larger than previously documented and will grow as more eukaryotic genomes become available.
Trypanosomes, a distant branch of the eukaryote tree, have been found to reproduce sexually through meiosis, a process previously thought unclear. The study uses fluorescently-tagged proteins to visualize the process inside the tsetse fly.
The completed genome of Naegleria gruberi sheds light on the transition from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, showcasing a single-celled organism with multiple identities. The analysis reveals genes associated with cellular movement and energy production, providing insights into the evolution of eukaryotic organisms.
A Stanford researcher has quantified the enormous size jumps of life on Earth, finding two major leaps: one 1.6 billion years ago and another 600 million years ago. These increases were triggered by significant boosts in atmospheric oxygen levels, which enabled eukaryotic cells to develop and multi-cellularity to emerge.
An international team of scientists has discovered a crucial clue to the delay of animal life on Earth, suggesting that oxygen and molybdenum deficiencies in ancient oceans may have hindered complex life's evolution. The research, published in Nature, sheds light on the development of early life and its connection to ocean chemistry.
Scientists have uncovered the complete genome sequence of Ostreococcus tauri, a tiny eukaryote that plays a significant role in ocean climate dynamics. The study reveals the organism's complex genetic makeup and its ability to perform photosynthesis, which has major implications for carbon cycling.
New research finds ancient oil droplets containing biomarkers from eukaryotes and cyanobacteria that lived before the planet's glaciation, contradicting previous theories. The study suggests oxygen was produced long before the atmosphere became oxygenated, supporting life in extreme conditions.
In archaea, a specialized enzyme uses RNA as a guide to pseudouridylate specific RNA molecules. This modification impacts the stability, localization, and translation efficiency of target RNAs.
Researchers found evidence for meiosis in Giardia, a single-celled protist thought to be a modern representative of an early diverging eukaryotic lineage. The discovery suggests that the earliest eukaryotes diverged after the advent of meiosis, providing new insights into sexual evolution.
Researchers found evidence of meiosis in Giardia intestinalis, a unicellular protist parasite, suggesting that eukaryotes have been capable of sex for a long time. The discovery provides insight into the evolution of sexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells.
Researchers found that two prokaryotes merged to form the first eukaryote, creating a 'ring of life' that has significant implications for all multicellular forms of life. The study sheds light on the origins of eukaryotes and their genetic background.