Articles tagged with Evolution
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Monash University scientists have uncovered evidence of how baleen whales evolved from biting prey with teeth to filtering using baleen. The discovery sheds light on the complex evolutionary change that led to the rise of filter-feeding in these massive creatures.
The discovery of Qilinyu, a fossilized placoderm with a three-part complex jaw, confirms the evolution of this trait within the placoderm system. The findings suggest that the emergence of jaws in vertebrates marked a significant turning point in early vertebrate evolution.
A new Patagonian fossil has provided insights into the skeletal anatomy of megaraptors, a highly specialized group of Mesozoic predators. The species, Murusraptor barrosaensis, shares unique features with other megaraptors, but also boasts distinct facial and hip bone characteristics.
Early life forms on Earth are likely to have mutated and evolved at much higher rates than they do today, thanks to a hotter planet billions of years ago. The rate of spontaneous DNA mutation was at least 4,000 times higher than it is now, according to a new analysis from the University of North Carolina.
Researchers found that 33 different fish families demonstrate some terrestrial activity, with behaviors evolving independently in various species. Blennies, intertidal fish, were studied in seven Pacific and Indian Ocean locations, showing an amphibious lifestyle has evolved repeatedly.
Over 90% of mammal species were wiped out by the asteroid that killed dinosaurs, but they recovered rapidly and diversified in different regions. The recovery took just 300,000 years, with small mammals being key survivors.
A new marine reptile fossil, Sclerocormus parviceps, challenges the idea of slow evolution. The ichthyosauriform had a short snout and whip-like tail, suggesting rapid diversification at the end of the Lower Triassic period.
Researchers have discovered that dung beetles evolved from a single common ancestor, with the onthophagines and oniticellines tribes making up half of the world's dung beetle fauna. These beetles play a crucial role in ecosystems by recycling nutrients and reducing parasites.
Researchers found fossils in Japan that suggest tritylodontids co-existed with early mammals for millions of years, overturning the widely accepted theory about their extinction. The discovery sheds new light on the ecological dynamics of these animal families.
The earliest definitions of time were based on observed astronomical phenomena, while modern times are derived from atomic properties. The paper reveals how these definitions have evolved over time, highlighting the connection between astronomic and atomic time.
A new bird species, Chongmingia zhengi, discovered in China's Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota, sheds light on the early evolution of birds. The species is basal to dominant Mesozoic avian clades and represents a new avialan lineage.
A new study in Behavioral Ecology suggests that young male western bluebirds may benefit from living with their parents as helpers for a year before starting a nest of their own. This cooperative breeding strategy can increase both the parents' and the helper's lifespans, as well as reproductive fitness.
Research at Duke University reveals that larger rolling stones and turbulent eddies exhibit the same life span, travel distance, and number of revolutions as smaller counterparts. The findings demonstrate the constructal law's applicability to non-biological systems, challenging traditional views on evolution.
Eight new species of whip spiders found in Brazilian Amazon, with diversity of Amblypygi species now at 25, threatening habitats from iron mining and dam flooding. Conservation efforts recommended to preserve their increasingly threatened habitat.
The study found that different subspecies of western rattlesnakes have distinct head shapes, which have evolved to accommodate feeding and reproductive behaviors. Combining head shape with genetic analysis confirmed that some groups should be classified as separate species.
A global assessment reveals that marine protected areas (MPAs) insufficently protect the evolutionary history of tropical corals and fishes, with less than a quarter of wrasse species receiving minimum protection levels. The study suggests that protecting the genetic history of living organisms is crucial in a changing world.
Researchers reveal that facultative parthenogenesis is prevalent among snake species, with potentially significant implications for vertebrate evolution. The study proposes splitting this phenomenon into two forms and identifies snakes as ideal model species to investigate the evolution of vertebrate parthenogenesis.
A tiny beetle fossil, over 99 million years old, has been discovered in Myanmar's Burmese amber, providing tangible evidence for the evolution of the Histeridae family. The fossil, named Cretonthophilus tuberculatus, offers a unique window into the past, revealing details about its anatomy and behavior.
A new UBC study found that predators can help prey species evolve quickly in response to climate change. In experiments with tiny water fleas and predatory fly larvae, populations evolved rapidly when predators were present, highlighting the importance of conserving entire ecosystems.
A recent discovery of a small-bodied ape in Spain shares features of both catarrhines and great apes, suggesting that the last common ancestor of all apes may have been less great ape-like than previously assumed. This finding has significant implications for our understanding of hominoid evolution.
Research found that young male chimpanzees spend more time manipulating objects in play, but it does not prepare them for adult tool use. In contrast, immature females show a greater diversity of manipulation types and learn to use tools earlier.
Researchers discovered the evolution of the giraffe's long neck involved two stages, with the first stage elongating only the front portion of the C3 vertebra and the second stage extending the back portion. The study found that modern giraffes are the only species to undergo both stages.
Two new frog species have been discovered in the Raja Ampat Islands of New Guinea, characterized by their unique advertisement calls and morphological features. The specimens were found to be hermaphrodites, possessing both male and female reproductive systems.
Scientists have discovered seven new land snail species in China, including two that are among the world's smallest, measuring less than 1 mm in height. These tiny creatures pose challenges for scientists studying biodiversity and evolution.
Researchers develop framework to measure cheating in mutually beneficial relationships, finding evidence scarce. The study aims to stimulate mechanistic studies and improve understanding of human interactions by recognizing that not all bad partners are necessarily cheaters.
A collaborative study will synthesize scattered information about butterflies, placing it in an evolutionary context to study broad-scale patterns of ecology and evolution. The project aims to assemble a database of biological information about each species, making it available to the public via a website.
In a study on Latin American butterflies, researchers found that males without scent-producing organs do not co-occur with their closest relatives. This suggests that the loss of male scent pads may be linked to geographic isolation, allowing species to avoid competition for mates.
A study in the Chocó-Andes of Colombia found that intensive farming practices lead to a loss of more than 650 million years of evolutionary history in bird species. Land-sparing approaches, which protect larger blocks of natural habitat, are recommended as a more effective way to preserve biodiversity.
A new study by an international team of scientists found that competition from cats drove the extinction of many ancient dog species. The researchers analyzed over 2000 fossils and discovered that felids had a deadly impact on the diversity of the dog family, contributing to the demise of up to 40 species.
A 333-million-year-old fossil discovery is rewriting the history of vertebrate evolution. The ancient salamander-like animal spent significant time on land, challenging previous theories about its origin.
A new study uses fossil data to predict that most rodent species will evolve continuously growing molar teeth over the next 50 million years. The researchers found evidence that many species possess the potential for acquiring dental stem cells, which are required for continuous tooth growth.
New research reveals that cichlid fish courtship rituals evolve rapidly in response to feeding depth. Castle-building males live at shallower depths, while pit-digging males thrive at greater depths, driven by differences in eye structure and display behavior.
A recent study published in Nature journal Scientific Reports found that the Asian monsoon played a crucial role in the evolution of African mole rats and bamboo rats. The researchers discovered that changes in monsoon strength over 24 million years influenced the rodents' teeth, head shape, and digging behavior.
Researchers discovered a type of sulfur bacteria preserved in rocks over 1.8 billion years old, which remain unchanged and indistinguishable from modern bacteria found in the same region. This finding supports Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by suggesting that evolution occurs only when environmental conditions change.
Researchers have discovered a new group of tiny animals, specialist driftwood talitrids, that live on and feed from decomposing marine driftwood. These hitchhikers use floating driftwood logs to disperse across distant oceanic islands, with adaptations like dwarfism allowing them to survive long journeys.
Research by Queen's University biologist Paul Martin found that smaller bird species can overcome size disadvantages when interacting with distantly related species. The study examined 23,362 aggressive interactions among 246 bird species pairs and identified specific traits that enhance small species' abilities in conflicts.
A new study finds that diversified farming systems retain more evolutionary history than intensive agriculture, suggesting a strategy for conserving biodiversity. This is encouraging news as human activities drive half of known life to extinction.
Researchers applied evolutionary game theory to analyze disease outbreaks, identifying four key outcomes influenced by government response and healthcare provision. The approach has been tested with actual data from the 2009 influenza outbreak and may inform quarantine measures for future pandemics.
A new study reveals that marine crocodilian diversity is closely tied to sea temperature, with colonisation events occurring during global warming periods. The research suggests that environmental temperatures constrained the evolution and lifestyle of modern crocodilians.
A 107-year-old beetle specimen was rediscovered and described as a new genus and species. The beetle, Rhipidocyrtus muiri, was collected in Borneo in 1907 and had been separated from its body for over a century.
Researchers dispel the idea of evolutionary trade-offs between plumage and song in a large study of tanagers, a family of songbirds from Central and South America. The study found that some species can exhibit both flashy colors and complex songs without sacrificing one for the other.
Researchers explore how fluctuating sea levels impacted the Galapagos Islands' ecology over thousands of years. The study reveals that shallow 'land bridges' between volcanic outcroppings allowed landlocked species like snakes, geckos, and iguanas to thrive.
A new study re-describes the oldest species of dolphin, Eodelphis kabatensis, shedding light on their origins and evolution. The discovery resolves a discrepancy between fossil records and molecular-based studies, providing crucial insights into the evolutionary history of dolphins.
A 325-million-year-old shark fossil has provided new insights into the evolution of jaws in vertebrates, including humans. The study suggests that living sharks are more advanced than previously thought, with internal structures similar to those found in ancient bony fishes.
Research reveals that beneficial insects like dung beetles and flies react differently to ivermectin due to varying levels of sensitivity. This poses a risk to ecosystem functioning and highlights the need for more comprehensive safety tests to protect these organisms.
A Yale-led research team developed a new approach to species conservation that prioritizes genetic and geographic rarity. The method was applied to all 9,993 known bird species, revealing areas where maximum conservation of bird diversity can be achieved with minimal investment.
The study identifies the world's top 50 most evolutionarily distinct bird species, including the South American oilbird and the Christmas Island frigatebird. These species have unique genetic characteristics that make them crucial for preserving the tree of life.
A recent study by Manja Voss challenged the validity of the extinct sea cow species Halitherium schinzii, citing a single tooth as insufficient evidence. The proposed rejection of this specific terminus aims to better handle the known diversity of the sirenian order.
A new species of Stone Oak has been discovered in the Ton Pariwat Wildlife Sanctuary in Thailand. The species, Lithocarpus orbicarpus, is a medium to small tree with unique spherical acorns covered in dense scales.
A Smithsonian scientist has found that similar color patterns in fish larvae indicate a closer evolutionary relationship among species than their adult forms. The research, published in the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, reveals phylogenetic connections between marine fish species.
A comprehensive family tree of the spiny-rayed fish group, including tuna and seahorses, has revealed surprising relationships and shed light on their evolution and diversity. The study found that some groups of fish have undergone rapid diversification followed by a slowdown in evolution.
Researchers found that starfish with intact eyes move towards the reef, while those without eyes walk randomly. The study suggests that starfish nervous system can process visual information, pointing to an underestimation of echinoderms' capacity.
A recent study by University of Michigan researchers has found that sturgeon have evolved at an incredible rate in terms of body size, with some species reaching sizes comparable to those of Volkswagen vans. This discovery challenges the common perception of sturgeon as 'living fossils' and sheds new light on the evolutionary process.
A new species of theropod dinosaur, Aorun zhaoi, has been discovered in Western China, dating back over 161 million years. The young dinosaur is estimated to be around 1 meter long and weighed 1.5 kilograms.
Researchers found chimpanzees inspect trees with similar fruit characteristics, relying on botanical knowledge to predict fruit availability. This discovery provides insights into the evolution of categorization abilities and abstract thinking in humans.
A new study comparing neural responses of birds and humans to music suggests that both share a neural reward system, with females in the breeding state responding similarly to human music. Male birds also exhibit an amygdala response to discordant sounds.
Scientists discover ancient intermediate form of great white shark, which shows modern sharks descended from broad-toothed mako sharks. The discovery pushes the origin of great whites back 2 million years, challenging previous classifications.
A new online platform called OneZoom allows users to explore the evolutionary tree of life in an interactive and intuitive way. By zooming in on different groups of organisms, users can reveal more details about their characteristics, extinction risks, and links to additional information.
Researchers found that BPA alters fish behavior and appearance, leading to inter-species breeding. This process poses long-term ecological consequences, including the potential decline of native species.
Researchers found that geckos evolved sticky toepads repeatedly, with about 60% of species having adhesive pads. The study suggests that adhesive toepads arose independently 11 times and were lost nine times during gecko evolution.