Articles tagged with Hominins
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers analyzed fossilized teeth of ancient herbivores to reveal dietary shifts from woody vegetation to grasses and sedges, around 2.7-2 million years ago. The findings suggest that behavioral dietary changes can precede apparent morphological adaptations in hominins.
Researchers analyzed stable carbon isotope data from hominin fossils to determine the timing of dietary shifts. The study found that Paranthropus robustus and boisei had different diets, with P. boisei consuming C4-plant-based foods.
Fossil records show a shift from mixed feeders to grazers in herbivore diets between 3.6 and 1.05 million years ago. This change coincides with the emergence of Paranthropus and suggests Australopithecus lived in a wooded ecosystem.
At 1.1 million years ago, early human inhabitants of the Nihewan Basin developed novel technological innovations to cope with strengthened aridification and changing environmental conditions. These advancements provided benefits to early hominin populations in China, highlighting their adaptability.
A study examines phalangeal curvature in a human-raised chimpanzee, revealing similar curvature to wild chimps but not humans. Genetic factors, not mechanical loading, are the main drivers of this curvature in chimpanzees and likely other arboreal primates.
A recent study supports the idea that modern humans and Neanderthals had multiple encounters, resulting in Neanderthal DNA being woven into the modern human genome. The research found that people in Eurasia today have genetic material linked to Neanderthals from different regions, including Siberia and Croatia.
Researchers have identified a rare juvenile Homo naledi fossil, providing insights into the evolution of human development. The partial skeleton is estimated to be around 8-11 years old at death, displaying a unique mix of maturity patterns seen in modern humans and earlier hominins.
A three-million-year-old brain imprint reveals that Australopithecus afarensis infants may have relied on caregivers for a prolonged period. The study found no evidence of human-like brain reorganization, but suggested protracted brain growth similar to modern humans.
Researchers reconstructed locomotor behavior in fossil hominins by comparing trabecular bone structure. The results suggest a predominantly bipedal gait in one specimen and mixed use of bipedalism and climbing in another.
A new study led by the University of Kent found evidence that human ancestors regularly climbed trees, based on analysis of fossil leg bones. This finding challenges previous assumptions about human evolution and suggests that a hominin species may have adopted highly flexed hip joints to facilitate climbing.
A study of 80,000-year-old fossilized hominin footprints in Normandy, France provides insights into the social structure of Neandertals. The analysis suggests that most footprints belonged to adolescents and children, indicating a group size and composition.
Neanderthals produced birch tar as a simple, sticky substance for tool attachment. The method involves burning birch bark next to river cobbles in an oxygenated environment, yielding a useable amount of tar within hours.
Researchers from Berkeley Lab and universities explored human evolution by studying chromosome regions. They discovered massive genetic material in centromere-proximal regions, including unique variation in genes that shape our sense of smell. Meanwhile, scientists created new spiraling crystals made of stacked layers of germanium sulf...
Researchers discovered a technologically distinct site with systematic flaked tool production, extending the history of such tools to around 2.61 million years ago. This finding suggests that stone tool production may have been reinvented multiple times in the past.
Researchers observed chimpanzees in Guinea catching and eating fresh-water crabs year-round, regardless of fruit availability. Crab consumption was more common among female chimps and their offspring, suggesting it provides essential nutrients like fatty acids.
A new study has found that Neanderthals and modern humans diverged at least 800,000 years ago, contradicting previous estimates of around 300,000-500,000 years. The research used dental evolutionary rates to analyze early Neanderthal fossils from Sima de los Huesos, Spain.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that captive chimpanzees can spontaneously use tools to excavate underground food without prior experience. The chimps chose to use tools over bare hands and even reused them, similar to early human tool use.
A new review suggests that social communication played a significant role in shaping the modern human face. The study, led by University of York researchers, concludes that our faces evolved not only due to factors like diet and climate but also to facilitate nonverbal communication and establish large social networks.
Researchers have uncovered the remains of a new species of human, Homo luzonensis, in the Philippines. The fossil discovery provides significant insights into human evolution across Southeast Asia, with unique skeletal features compared to other known hominin species.
A new paper proposes that miniaturization is a central tendency in hominin technologies going back at least 2.6 million years. The researchers argue that tiny stone flakes were like disposable razor blades or paperclips, pervasive and easily replaced.
The newly discovered Australopithecus sediba species is unique, sharing features with both Australopithecus africanus and early Homo species. Its fossils reveal a mix of bipedalism and arboreal adaptations, challenging traditional linear views of evolution.
Researchers analyzed a juvenile archaic Homo fossil from Northern China, finding most dental development traits fall within the modern human range. The study suggests that a slow life history similar to that of modern humans may have appeared prior to fully modern human morphology.
The endocast of Australopithecus fossil Little Foot shows a brain with asymmetrical structures similar to modern humans, but also features distinct from us, including an expanded visual cortex and reduced parietal association cortex. This suggests that the brain's complexity evolved over time in response to environmental pressures.
Researchers have dated Acheulean presence in Arabian Peninsula to less than 190,000 years ago, revealing early humans occupied site until arrival of Homo sapiens. The site, Saffaqah, features youngest Acheulean tools yet found in southwest Asia.
Researchers have provided a timeline for fossils from the Cradle of Humankind, revealing that early hominins experienced big changes in local climate, from wetter to drier conditions, at least six times between 3 and 1 million years ago. The study corrects assumptions about the relationship between East and South Africa hominin species.
New study finds stone tools and cut-marks at Ti's al Ghadah site in Saudi Arabia, dated to 500,000-300,000 years ago, suggesting early hominins inhabited relatively humid grasslands. Stable isotope analysis reveals aridity levels similar to those in eastern Africa's open savanna settings.
Researchers analyzed Lake Magadi sedimentary cores, showing a long-term drying trend starting around 575,000 years ago. This period of aridification coincided with extinctions of large grazing mammals and the appearance of Middle Stone Age artifacts.
A study of Early Pleistocene Homo antecessor teeth reveals similarities with Neanderthals in enamel distribution, but not thin enamel characteristic of Neanderthals. The findings suggest that certain dental traits arose earlier than previously thought, highlighting the complex evolution of hominin dentition.
Researchers found that Australopithecus africanus had wider, splayed roots than Paranthropus robustus and Paranthropus boisei, indicating increased lateral chewing loads. The study suggests that the orientation of tooth roots provides valuable insights into the dietary ecology of ancient humans and their extinct relatives.
A study reveals early hominin forefoot evolution facilitated bipedal locomotion. The degree of dorsal doming in metatarsophalangeal joints correlated with MTPJ range of motion and was important for bipedalism, suggesting adaptations appeared over 4.4 million years ago.
A nearly complete foot from Dikika, Ethiopia, exhibits ape-like foot characteristics that challenge the long-held assumption of bipedalism in A. afarensis. The discovery provides new insights into the evolution of bipedality and highlights the importance of juvenile specimens in understanding trait development.
Research suggests that uneven fossil sampling patterns, rather than climate dynamics, are the primary driver of fluctuations in early hominin species diversity. Peak taxic diversity was linked to maximal rock exposure and collection effort.
Research suggests that human-like bipedalism emerged around 3.6 million years ago, allowing for more efficient energy expenditure during long-distance travel. This shift likely responded to climate and habitat changes, enabling ancestral hominins to cover longer distances while foraging.
Researchers found a simple patterning cascade model that accounts for shifts in molar evolution during hominin origins, predicting variations in molar configuration based on embryonic signaling cells. The study suggests small, subtle tweaks to developmental toolkit can result in complex anatomy.
New research from the University of York suggests that highly mobile eyebrows may have enabled humans to express nuanced emotions, establish large social networks, and form social bonds. The study contributes to ongoing debates about the evolution of brow ridges in human ancestors.
A study examined human ancestors' walking and climbing capabilities, revealing that humans' straight-legged gait provides improved walking economy but also allows for enhanced hip extension. This enabled early hominins like Ardipithecus ramidus to develop a balance between improved walking economy and climbing ability.
A machine learning approach analyzed fossil remains in Spain and South Africa, finding that carnivore disturbance likely contributed to the disarray. The findings do not rule out potential hominin burials but instead highlight the role of nonhuman agents.
A team of researchers, led by Luke Premo, question the widely accepted timeline of human cultural transmission, suggesting that it may be much more recent. They propose that the Oldowan tool, believed to be one of the first stone tools made by humans, could have been learned through innate skill rather than cultural transmission.
Researchers have discovered a new type of glycan that survives in 4 million-year-old animal fossils from Kenya. This breakthrough could reveal human origins and diet, including the consumption of red meat. Gc-CS detection may classify ancient hominin fossils into two groups.
A Rutgers study reveals that springs played a critical role in early human survival and migration in East Africa. The research suggests that climate change may not have been the primary factor driving human evolution.
Researchers discovered two fossils of Graecopithecus freybergi with fused premolar roots, characteristic of modern humans and early humans, indicating a European origin for the pre-human lineage. The study also suggests that environmental changes, such as the formation of the Sahara desert, drove the evolution of pre-humans.
A study of 1.2-million-year-old tartar reveals that ancient humans used a kind of toothpick to clean their teeth, while consuming a balanced diet of meat and starchy foods. The analysis also suggests they ate grass seeds and had access to forests.
Researchers have discovered that capuchin monkeys in Brazil produce sharp-edged conchoidal flakes with smooth rounded facets, resembling the shape of scallop shells. These unintentionally produced flakes exhibit identical characteristics and morphology to intentionally produced hominin tools, dating back to 2.6 million years ago.
A new study analyzed tooth wear patterns on fossil teeth from East African hominins and found that Paranthropus aethiopicus and Paranthropus boisei had softer diets than previously thought. The researchers' findings contradict previous isotopic evidence suggesting these species ate high proportions of fibrous, abrasive C4 plants.
Researchers found striations on a Homo habilis fossil, indicating the ancient human was likely right-handed. The discovery sheds light on brain lateralization and its relationship with handedness and language.
Researchers observed wild-bearded capuchin monkeys in Brazil creating fractured flakes and cores with characteristics of early Stone Age hominin tools. The monkeys' behavior suggests they may be extracting minerals or lichen from stones, but their actions are unintentional and distinct from human tool-making.
Key fossil discoveries in Africa confirm the co-existence of multiple early human ancestor species between 3.8 and 3.3 million years ago. The new review outlines a diverse evolutionary past, raising questions about how ancient species shared resources and adapted to their environments.
A 500,000-year-old human femur discovered in Morocco shows evidence of being consumed by large carnivores like hyenas. The bone fragment featured fractures and tooth marks, suggesting carnivore chewing, which was likely made shortly after death.
Scientists have reconstructed an early human landscape in Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, providing insights into the lives of our ancestors. The site, which dated back 1.8 million years, showed a mix of woodland, grasslands, and wetlands, with hominins competing for food with carnivores.
A new study led by Alistair Evans of Monash University found that molars follow the inhibitory cascade rule, simplifying human tooth evolution. The team can now predict the size of missing fossil teeth using this rule.
A new study found that a single embryonic rule regulates hominin tooth size, with variations in the expression of this rule accounting for differences in tooth size throughout human evolution. The researchers discovered that the inhibitory cascade pattern for adult molars is directly linked to the size of milk molars.
A study led by Dr Alistair Evans from Monash University has simplified the understanding of human tooth evolution, allowing for predictions on missing teeth. The 'inhibitory cascade' rule reveals a pattern in tooth size that was previously thought to be more complex.
Two new hominin fossils, a finger bone and a molar, were found in the Sterkfontein Caves, associated with early stone tools dating back 2.18 million years. The specimens possess intriguing features that raise more questions than answers.
Researchers studying 2-million-year-old human fossils from South Africa found that early hominins had hearing patterns resembling those of chimpanzees, but with slight variations. The discovery suggests that early humans may have had better hearing in certain frequency ranges than other primates.
A team of scientists has uncovered over 1,500 hominin fossils in a cave complex in South Africa, representing the largest and most complete set found to date. The discovery adds a new branch to the human family tree, with the fossils suggesting that Homo naledi was deliberately depositing its dead in the cave.
A fossil monkey specimen representing the earliest baboon ever found has been discovered in South Africa, dated between 2-2.36 million years ago. The partial skull confirms earlier suggestions that the fossil baboon species is closely related to modern baboons and may be the earliest known members of the Papio hamadryas species.
A new study by George Washington University researchers challenges the idea that early Homo genus evolved with an increase in body size. They found that early hominins were generally smaller than previously thought, and the increase in body size occurred later with H. erectus.
A new human ancestor species, Australopithecus deyiremeda, has been discovered in Ethiopia that lived alongside Lucy's species. The species differs from Lucy's in terms of its thick-enamelled teeth and lower jaw architecture.
The Messak Settafet escarpment in the Saharan desert features a vast 'carpet' of stone-age tools, averaging 75 artefacts per square metre. The tools were extracted and discarded over hundreds of thousands of years, creating an entire landscape modified by hominins.
Researchers have discovered the earliest known fossil of the genus Homo, dating back to 2.8-2.75 million years ago, in the Afar region of Ethiopia. The fossils provide insights into the environment and ecological community where early Homo lived, suggesting a mixed grassland habitat with gallery forests.