Articles tagged with Origins Of Life
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Scientists at Tohoku University found that boric acid catalyzes polypeptide synthesis under neutral and acidic conditions, producing up to 39 monomer-long glycine polypeptides. This discovery challenges previous studies suggesting neutral conditions hinder peptide synthesis.
Origin-of-life chemists suggest glyoxylate reaction scenario could have yielded simple sugars without drawbacks of formaldehyde-based reactions. The researchers aim to demonstrate this hypothesis in the laboratory and explore potential commercial applications.
Researchers from ETH Zurich, Harvard, and Cambridge join forces to study chemical and physical processes of living organisms and environmental conditions for life on other planets. Synthetic cells enable scientists to deconstruct complex systems, understand basic principles of life and evolution.
Researchers discover abiotic peptide chain formation from glycine in space conditions, shedding light on the origin of life. The study shows that small clusters of glycine molecules exhibit polymerization upon energy input.
Researchers studied lithospheric fluids billions of years ago to infer the presence of metals that could have supported life. Manganese was found to be a likely candidate, while copper was not detected in high concentrations. The study provides new insights into the origin of life and will inform future experiments.
Researchers recreated interstellar cloud and asteroid conditions to understand how carbonaceous chondrites acquired amino acids, finding that interstellar cloud conditions are resilient to asteroid processing but influence the amount of amino acids present.
A new study reveals that certain types of lipids found in ancient fossils are produced by specific living bacteria. By identifying these microorganisms and understanding how they produce the lipids, scientists can create more accurate climate reconstructions. This discovery also sheds light on the early evolution of life on Earth.
A new paper challenges the 'Carter argument', suggesting life on Earth increases the probability of abiogenesis elsewhere. The author argues that the existence of life on Earth is old evidence that should be treated as such.
Researchers developed the first model of Mars' early atmosphere, linking high temperatures to ocean formation and showing water vapor condensed in the lower atmosphere, while molecular hydrogen escaped. This model supports findings from spacecraft data, indicating Mars was wet and had warm-to-hot oceans for millions of years.
Researchers from The University of Tokyo created a geometric technique to characterize self-replication processes, shedding light on living systems' environmental conditions. This work aims to improve our understanding of biological reproduction and the theoretical limits governing chemistry and biology.
Researchers at Scripps Research have discovered a new set of chemical reactions that generate amino acids and orotic acids from common early earth molecules. This discovery sheds light on the origins of life on Earth and has potential applications in manufacturing processes.
A large-scale survey of 62,000 participants found a significant association between everyday discrimination and moderate to severe depressive symptoms during the pandemic. Participants from Hispanic or Latino and non-Hispanic Asian backgrounds who experienced racism were at higher risk for these conditions.
A team of researchers has discovered a wide range of nitriles, key molecular precursors for life, in the interstellar molecular cloud G+0.693-0.027 near the Milky Way center. The study provides important insights into the chemical ingredients available in the nebula that give rise to our planetary system.
A mathematical model reveals that spontaneous symmetry breaking in chemical reactions leads to homochirality, optimizing energy harvesting from the environment. This phenomenon could explain how life developed on primordial Earth and has implications for the synthesis of chiral drug molecules.
Scientists recreating primordial conditions discovered that dew droplets in a CO2-rich atmosphere facilitate the replication of short DNA molecules. These cycles promote DNA mutations and recombinations, leading to longer DNA strands. The findings suggest dew droplets as the first compartments for DNA evolution.
A team of researchers identified universal patterns in the chemistry of life that do not appear to depend on specific molecules. They discovered scaling laws between the number of enzymes in different functional classes and an organism's genome size, which don't depend on particular enzymes.
A research team led by Dr. Serge Krasnokutski has discovered a reaction pathway that can form peptide chains under cosmic conditions without water. This finding suggests that the origin of peptides could be extraterrestrial in nature, challenging the conventional assumption that life emerged on Earth.
A recent study suggests that a chemical compound called magnesium hydrosilicate, stable at high pressures and temperatures, could have stored water deep within the Earth's mantle during its violent early days. This finding has significant implications for understanding the origin of water on Earth and potentially habitable exoplanets.
Researchers explored metal-binding proteins, discovering shared features that define life. The study suggests that rearrangements of these building blocks may have given rise to the range of proteins and functions that characterize life on Earth.
A new study analyzing the rock record rules out atmospheric oxygen before the Great Oxygenation Event, potentially rewriting our understanding of Earth's past. The research team used high-resolution techniques to inspect specimens of the rock, finding evidence that chemical data suggesting early oxygen may have been introduced later.
Researchers discovered peptide bonds can form in liquid sulphur dioxide, a breakthrough for understanding the origin of life. The findings suggest a volcanic environment could have supported peptide formation on early Earth.
Researchers at LMU and MPI-CBG demonstrate that gas bubbles within heated rock pores can facilitate the growth and division of membraneless coacervate microdroplets, potentially driving the evolution of life on Early Earth. The study suggests that these conditions could have led to the emergence of protocells, which are precursors to m...
Researchers found promising candidates for a prebiotic evolutionary system with imidazolidine-4-thione organocatalysts. These catalysts can change their composition and catalyze essential reactions, supporting the development of our current biosystem.
Scientists have developed a coacervate droplet that can replicate and evolve, providing a potential link between chemistry and biology. The research, published in Nature Communications, may help explain the emergence of the first living organisms on Earth.
Researchers Chris Kempes and David Krakauer present a new three-layered framework to recognize life's full range of forms. By considering the space of possible materials, constraints, and optimization processes, they argue that life can originate multiple times, taking on diverse forms such as culture, computation, and forests.
Researchers at Ruđer Bošković Institute discover solid-state mechanochemical activation of amino acids leads to peptides, offering an alternative synthetic pathway to peptides without water. The study complements existing experimental procedures and provides insights into the emergence of life on Earth.
Researchers at Nagoya University discovered a DNA-like molecule called XNA that could be synthesized without enzymes, supporting the hypothesis of an XNA world before the RNA world. The findings suggest that XNAs can carry genetic code stably and potentially transfer genetic information between DNA and RNA.
A study analyzed 4,225 protein-coding genes in the Escherichia coli genome to understand the evolution of genetic codons. The researchers discovered a disproportionate use of specific serine codons, suggesting their independent emergence during evolution.
A study by DESY's X-ray source PETRA III reveals that dry heating can form characteristic DNA base pairs without water or solvents. The team observed the formation of adenine-thymine and guanine-cytosine pairs at temperatures between 100-200 degrees Celsius, suggesting a possible alternative route to molecular recognition patterns in DNA.
Researchers discover novel microfluidic reactor setup that mimics ancient underwater hydrothermal vents, allowing them to produce formic acid from CO2. The findings have implications for the search for extraterrestrial life and green chemistry applications.
A new study reveals how 'continuous reaction networks' can produce RNA precursors and possibly ultimately RNA itself, a critical bridge to life. The experiments exposed simple molecules to high-energy radiation and evaporation, returning compounds that may have been important for the origins of life.
A team of scientists discovered ribozymes that utilize the prebiotically plausible 2-aminoimidazole group to catalyze RNA synthesis. This finding implies a complex interplay between nonenzymatic and enzymatic RNA synthesis during Earth's origin, challenging existing theories.
Researchers propose that phosphate-rich lakes can support life due to concentrated phosphates. Carbonate-rich lake environments provide the necessary conditions for biomolecule formation, overcoming a major obstacle to life's origin.
Researchers found ribose and other essential sugars in meteorites, indicating an extraterrestrial origin. The discovery suggests that these sugars could have contributed to the formation of primordial RNA on Earth.
Scientists cultivate chemical reactions similar to those found on Earth, using a novel strategy to study the origin of life. The system appears to consume its raw materials, forming feedback loops and self-propagating networks.
A UCL-led research team has successfully created self-assembling protocells in hot, alkaline seawater, a key stepping stone to cell-based life. The study suggests that heat and alkalinity are necessary for the formation of life, adding weight to the theory that deep-sea hydrothermal vents could be the origin of life.
A team of researchers found that tiny gas-filled bubbles in volcanic rocks can facilitate physicochemical interactions, potentially accelerating prebiotic chemical evolution. The study suggests that temperature differences at these interfaces could have initiated the emergence of living systems on early Earth.
Researchers discovered that proteinaceous amino acids readily form short chains resembling modern proteins, hinting at their potential role in the origin of life. The study suggests these amino acids were selected based on reactivity advantages over nonproteinaceous ones.
Scientists have discovered a new type of cell-like compartment that can trap and concentrate biomolecules, potentially critical for the origins of life. The droplets, formed by simple α-hydroxy acids, can easily merge and reform, hosting versatile early genetic and metabolic systems.
Researchers discovered microdroplets that can act as compartments for chemical reactions and compounds, including genetic material. These findings suggest that membraneless microdroplets may have played a crucial role in the development of living systems.
Researchers found that nitrogen heterocycles, common in young Earth and solar system, formed similar genetic precursors under varied atmospheric conditions. These modified heterocycles may have served as subunits of peptide nucleic acids (PNAs), a proposed precursor to RNA.
Researchers have discovered a compound that can convert RNA building blocks into DNA building blocks, challenging the popular 'RNA World' hypothesis. This finding suggests that early life forms may have used both RNA and DNA, contrary to the prevailing view that they arose separately.
Researchers created membraneless protocells that facilitate chemical reactions, providing insights into the prebiotic 'RNA world'. These assemblies concentrate RNA molecules and enzymes, allowing them to participate in fundamental chemical reactions.
Scientists from Samara University have discovered new chemical mechanisms for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) synthesis at very low temperatures, including -183 C. These findings challenge the prevailing view that PAHs can only form at high temperatures and suggest a possible link to the origin of life in the universe.
Researchers at McMaster University are pioneering a new Origins of Life Laboratory to mimic early-Earth conditions, testing RNA sequence formation and potential self-replication. The lab's Planetary Simulator will simulate years of cycles in days, studying the emergence of life on Earth and potentially elsewhere.
A Rutgers-led ENIGMA team will investigate the evolution of protein nanomachines, which may have arisen before life began, using a $6 million NASA grant. The team aims to understand the earliest processes that support life, including the movement of electrons and hydrogen atoms.
Researchers at UC Santa Barbara found evidence that the amino acid arginine was essential for protein-aptamer interactions, potentially altering our understanding of the origin of life. This discovery provides new insights into the ideal conditions for life to emerge, with implications for various hypotheses and experiments.
Researchers from UCL, Harvard and Massachusetts General Hospital suggest a single chemical mechanism for forming both purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. They demonstrate that these molecules can be assembled on the same sugar scaffold to form RNA, providing a solution to a long-standing challenge in understanding the origins of life.
Dirk Schulze-Makuch's research suggests that the evolution of organisms functionally similar to plants or animals on Earth will naturally follow given enough time and a suitable environment. He found that critical evolutionary adaptions such as photosynthesis and multicellularity arose multiple times in different organisms.
A new model suggests that template-assisted ligation could have enabled the leap from monomers to self-replicating polymer chains in primordial soup. The model proposes a cycle between 'day' and 'night' phases, driven by environmental changes, where polymers join together to form longer chains via template-assisted ligation.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute have devised an enzyme with unique properties that may have contributed to the origin of life on Earth. The new ribozyme works by knitting together a 'copy' strand of RNA using an original template, with the ability to make copies of its own left-hand mirror image.
Researchers from the University of Southern Denmark discover information strings with peculiar properties that can replicate quickly and efficiently, leading to a self-organizing autocatalytic network. This mechanism has potential value for developing technology based on living processes, such as self-healing devices.
A reconstructed ancient ocean revealed spontaneous chemical reactions that could have produced crucial organic molecules for life. These findings suggest that primitive cells may have synthesized their own metabolic components without the aid of enzymes, challenging the traditional view on the origin of life.
Researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology and NASA have developed a simplified approach to the Miller-Urey experiment, which aims to recreate the conditions under which organic molecules could have formed on early Earth. The study successfully forms amino acids, building blocks of life, under primitive Earth conditions.
Scientists have developed novel methods to identify thousands of molecules formed during hydrogen cyanide reactions in laboratory experiments. These approaches confirm the potential for these techniques in future chemical analyzes, including exploring autocatalytic cycles and understanding life's origins on Earth and other planets.
Researchers at TSRI will receive $2 million in funding to investigate the origins of life on Earth, focusing on chirality and replicating systems.
University of Georgia researchers discovered essential genes in archaea that shed light on the history of microorganisms and the origins of life. The study found unique DNA synthesis systems, essential genes necessary for methane production, and insights into cell formation.
Researchers at Arizona State University propose a novel approach to the origins of life, focusing on the 'software' - information content. The study suggests that life is characterized by its unique use of information, providing a roadmap for identifying criteria for emergence. This approach moves away from chemical-based approaches, w...
A Michigan State University professor is exploring the origin of life at its fundamental building blocks, finding connections between bacteria and humans through molecular complementarity. This shared set of modules may hold the key to understanding evolution and explaining diseases like diabetes.
Researchers at the University of York have successfully recreated a process that could be responsible for the origin of carbohydrates in life. By using simple left-handed amino acids as catalysts, they produced predominantly right-handed sugars, shedding light on how these building blocks came to dominate nature.