Articles tagged with Plant Evolution
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Researchers found that Stomaphis aphid diversification was primarily driven by host plant shifts, rather than associated ant species. The study revealed a surprising finding that the aphids had not shifted between closely related plant species, but instead between very distantly related host plant taxa.
A recent study found that rates of climatic-niche evolution are similarly slow in both plants and animals, with only slight variations across different clades. This research highlights the importance of understanding climate change impacts on species distribution and evolution.
A recent study by botanist Cody Coyotee Howard uncovered two ranges of optimum bulb diameter driven by natural selection, with larger bulbs thriving in warmer climates. The research has significant implications for understanding plant evolution, agriculture, and horticulture.
A recent study published in Journal of Systematics and Evolution suggests that global warming could negatively impact the processes that generate biodiversity. The research focuses on the evolutionary success of Carex, a genus with over 2000 species, which is favored by cold climates during the past 10 million years.
Ants cultivate plants in full sun to obtain more floral food, but this condition also leads to increased plant damage and fewer plant numbers. In contrast, shade-cultivated plants produce less food for the ants but receive more nitrogen fertilizer input.
Local activism can change targets when community activists reach their goals, with success galvanizing activists and inspiring further action. Failure, however, does not lead to decreased mobilization, but rather sparks new protests in other industries.
Researchers discovered that the tiny apex structure in plant leaves controls water drainage, allowing for fast absorption of excess water. This adaptation enables understory plants to survive high precipitation and humidity conditions in rainforests.
A team of scientists has developed a method to rapidly evolve endogenous genes in plants, enabling accelerated breeding via molecular design. The technology, called STEME, uses CRISPR-like enzymes to introduce precise mutations into plant genes, leading to improved agronomic traits.
Recent fossil discoveries revealed three evolutionary patterns on the Tibetan Plateau: local endemism, out-of-Tibet dispersal, and intercontinental exchange. These patterns reflect the biological responses to tectonic uplift and its impact on biota globally.
The One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative reveals the complex history of land plants and green algae, including previously unknown duplications and expansions of genes. The data shed light on plant evolution, relationships between lineages, and potential avenues for evolutionary development.
Researchers created the most comprehensive evolutionary tree for green plants using genetic data from 1,147 species. The study found that the transition from aquatic to terrestrial plants was a key event in driving genetic diversity and plant evolution.
A dated evolutionary tree for butterflies and moths reveals they diversified 300 million years ago, earlier than previously thought. The study supports the hypothesis that Lepidoptera coevolved with flowering plants but not with echolocating bats.
A comprehensive review of plant reproductive systems provides new perspectives on heterostyly, highlighting recent advances and unresolved questions. The study explores the ecology, evolution, genetics, and genomics of plant reproductive strategies, shedding light on their role in ecological interactions and evolutionary change.
A study of over 89,000 scientific papers reveals that plant partners do not accelerate the rise of new ant species but rather may hinder it. The researchers suggest that ants' fates become linked to their plant partners' fate in mutually beneficial relationships.
Researchers at the University of Bristol discovered the secrets of shoot evolution, revealing a switch that enabled plants to delay reproduction and grow shoots, leaves, and buds around 450 million years ago. This finding has significant implications for understanding plant shape regulation and could inform efforts to engineer crops.
Researchers found similar structures in rare bacteria and modern cyanobacteria, suggesting the process is older than thought. This challenges the traditional view that oxygenic photosynthesis evolved from anoxygenic photosynthesis a billion years ago.
A KAUST-led team has developed a new platform for speeding up and controlling the evolution of proteins inside living plants. This allows plant breeders to rapidly engineer new crop varieties with improved yield and immunity to pathogens.
A new study by Florida Museum researchers found that temperate species evolved first, driven by climate change 15 million years ago. Saxifragales, a flowering plant group with nearly 2,500 species, diversified before physical traits and habitats developed, contradicting the conventional view of evolutionary processes.
Michigan State University researchers have discovered an evolutionary function in wild tomato plants that could be used by modern plant breeders to create pest-resistant tomatoes. The team identified a specific gene that produces a sticky compound, which acts as natural insect repellent and helps protect the plant from insects.
Researchers found higher rates of adaptive evolution in genes involved in resource allocation, particularly in seeds and endosperm tissues. This suggests that conflicts among kin can lead to rapid evolution, supporting the idea of an evolutionary arms race within plant families.
In a two-year greenhouse experiment, plants pollinated by bumblebees without herbivory evolved more attractive flowers, while those with herbivory had higher concentrations of defensive toxic metabolites. Plants developed a tendency to spontaneously self-pollinate when damaged by caterpillars.
New research by McMaster behavioural scientists reveals evolution can work backwards to benefit related members of the same group. Selfless traits like sharing food and keeping watch are mathematically equivalent to decreased evolution of individually beneficial traits.
A new study explores how climate-driven evolution in tree populations changes their interaction with the soil environment, leading to reduced genetic variation and altered soil microbiome. Warmer temperatures result in earlier bud break and leaf-out, reducing genetic variation and affecting soil microbial communities.
A study reveals that unique genetic features in desiccation-sensing algae enabled the colonization of terrestrial habitats. The SAL1-PAP chloroplast retrograde signaling mechanism allowed early land plants to sense drought and protect vital photosynthetic tissue, facilitating their adaptation to harsh environments.
Researchers at Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg reconstructed the evolutionary history of genes controlling leaf pore movement in flowering plants. They found that most genes belong to old families present in all plant groups, including green algae, suggesting they developed before land colonization.
A previously believed pathway for sRNA production has been found to be present widely in flowering plants, evolved over 200 million years ago. This discovery could improve crop yields and breeding better varieties.
A team of researchers studied the evolution of plants and fungi over 1 billion years to find that their coexistence played a key role in shaping their biodiversities. The study found that fungal colonization of land was associated with the emergence of terrestrial green algae, which preceded the origin of land plants.
The discovery of exceptionally preserved late-Permian plant fossils in Jordan pushes back the ages of important seed plant lineages and suggests that drought-prone tropical habitats served as evolutionary cradles for early plant diversification. The findings indicate that these plant lineages survived the mass extinction event at the e...
A team of ETH Zurich researchers has found a way to harmonize conflicting results from fossil-based and phylogenetic analysis of species emergence and extinction. By considering different mechanisms of speciation, such as budding, cladogenesis, and anagenesis, they have developed a computer model that accounts for these assumptions, pr...
A new computer model flags areas ripe for preservation of California's native species, focusing on biodiversity hotspots and evolutionary uniqueness. The model aims to prioritize conservation efforts with limited funds.
A new study by McGill researchers found that, on average, human disturbances do not appear to accelerate evolution. The authors analyzed 40 studies on species' responses to human activity, covering 102 traits in 37 different species.
Researchers are studying the genetic basis of carnivorous plant evolution, seeking to understand how similar traits emerge in different orders. Dr. Kenji Fukushima's work aims to develop new molecular tools for analyzing specific genes in carnivorous plants.
A team of researchers discovered well-dated plant fossils in the Lawula Formation, which provided a unique perspective on the uplift history of southeastern Tibet. The findings indicate that the region was around 3 km high and rising at an early stage of the Eocene-Oligocene transition, contradicting previous theories.
A new study has identified the earliest stages of evolution where distinct sperm and egg cell types first emerged from a simpler ancestral mating system. The research found that the sex-determining region associated with male-female differentiation in algae is surprisingly small, consisting of only one gene called MID.
Researchers propose two distinct floras, Rhododendron Flora and Metasequoia Flora, to represent core regions of the Sino-Japanese and Sino-Himalayan flora. The study suggests East Asian flora is relatively young, with most clades originating since the Miocene, and may be a refugial area for ancient relict plants.
Research shows that plants evolve to stop producing toxic chemicals in response to immune herbivores. The study found genetic evidence of a gene's evolution and loss in multiple plant lineages, supporting the 'defense de-escalation' hypothesis.
A new theory proposes that underground adaptations, such as efficient roots and reduced reliance on fungi, enabled plants to thrive in diverse environments. This finding has significant implications for conservation and understanding plant evolution.
A new study integrates various theories on plant evolution timescales, suggesting that land plants likely arose during the Cambrian period and vascular plants between the late Ordovician and Silurian periods. This finding challenges existing theories on Earth's terrestrial biosphere assembly.
The study reveals that flowering plants diversified suddenly in the Cretaceous period, while molecular-clock dating suggests an older origin. The discrepancy is attributed to false precision on both palaeontological and molecular evolutionary timescales.
A study mapping China's 30,000 flowering plant species reveals a significant East-West divide in evolutionary relationships and biodiversity. The research highlights the need for conservation efforts in densely populated eastern China to protect threatened plant species and their animals.
New Caledonian crows manufacture hooks from plant stems, with techniques influenced by material properties and cutting methods. Deeper hooks are more efficient, but experienced birds may avoid making them due to increased time and effort required.
A study by Yale-NUS College Postdoctoral Fellow Eunice Tan found that beetle color patterns are similar to host plants, suggesting camouflage rather than warning signals. The research challenged the prevailing theory among coleopterists and highlights the complexity of natural selection in leaf beetles.
The study of Marchantia polymorpha's genome sheds light on land plant evolution, showing liverworts possess ancestral characteristics. The findings have significant implications for molecular and genetic studies, providing insights into future agricultural applications.
Research reveals that humans systemically affected crop evolution up to 30,000 years ago, triggering domestication of rice, wheat, and barley. This discovery proves the existence of dense populations and challenges previous understanding of agriculture's origins.
The University of Wisconsin-Madison will study how legumes evolved to cooperate with bacteria for nitrogen fixation. The goal is to recreate this ability in other crops like poplar and cereals, reducing fertilizer use and environmental pollution.
A new study by Jacob Weiner found that less competitive wheat varieties produce higher yields when grown in groups, challenging traditional plant breeding methods. This finding could lead to a shift towards group selection and the development of more efficient agricultural practices.
Researchers use metabolomics to analyze chemical compositions of Espeletia plants and confirm hypothesis on their origin and migration routes along the northern Andes. The study suggests that geographic isolation favored allopatric speciation in this plant genus.
Researchers at Michigan State University studied the unique molecule acylsugars found in tomato trichomes, revealing their diverse structures and potential as natural pesticides. This discovery opens an evolutionary window into plant defense metabolism and could lead to innovative solutions for pest resistance and human medicine.
Biologists at Lund University discovered that the receptors for detecting plant odors in the leaf miner moth Eriocrania semipurpurella also sense female sex pheromones. This finding suggests that plant odorant receptors evolved into sex pheromone receptors in primitive species of moths.
A recent study challenged the conventional view of coevolution between plants and herbivores, suggesting that plants' defensive traits, rather than their genetic relationships, are key factors in determining which species herbivores target. This new paradigm proposes that herbivores may 'chase' or switch hosts based on the plant's defe...
A new study by Florida State University researcher David Houle found that small mutations in fruit flies can predict up to 40 million years of evolution for this common household pest. The research suggests a tight relationship between mutation effects and evolutionary changes.
A new study reconstructs the evolution of flowers and sheds light on what the earliest flowers might have looked like. The ancestral flower was bisexual, with both female and male parts, and multiple whorls of petal-like organs. This new model offers a plausible scenario to explain the spectacular diversity of floral forms.
A group of scientists found that parasitic nematode species can thrive without sex by using large, duplicated genomes. These genomes provide a reservoir for adaptation to different environments and plant hosts, giving the nematodes an evolutionary advantage over their sexual relatives.
Jiri Friml, a plant biologist at IST Austria, has received an ERC advanced grant to investigate the evolution of auxin transport and polarity in plants. His research will focus on understanding how plants adapt to environmental changes through the dynamic regulation of PIN transporters.
Researchers found that ant-plant symbioses break down at least 12 times over the past few million years, as plants adjust their host selection criteria based on altitude and potential tenants. Higher-altitude species tend to form domatia with larger access holes.
Researchers found that plants pollinated by bumblebees became more fragrant and had larger flowers with greater UV color component. In contrast, plants pollinated by hoverflies were smaller and less fragrant, with increased self-pollination.
Researchers studied 19 virus families and found that cross-species transmission has played a central role in their evolution. Co-divergence is relatively rare compared to cross-species jumps.
Scientists have identified a distant relative of the living Ginkgo biloba plant through the discovery of well-preserved fossil plants in Mongolia. The fossils, dating back to the early Cretaceous Period, reveal unique seed-bearing structures that are unlike any other known plant, living or extinct.
Researchers discovered a critical biochemical pathway in mosses that protects them from water loss and enables their adaptation to terrestrial environments. This finding suggests the prehistoric moss cuticle may have originated before lignin evolution in seed plants, influencing the development of complex ecosystems.
A Dartmouth-led study finds that roads trigger rapid evolutionary changes in wild populations, with some species adapting to pollutants and others becoming maladapted. This shift is transforming scientists' views of the biological impacts of roads on ecosystems.