Articles tagged with Evolutionary Genetics
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study found that the people of Deep Mani represent one of the most genetically distinctive populations in Europe, with many lineages tracing back to the Bronze Age, Iron Age, and Roman period. The research team discovered that present-day Deep Maniot men descend from a single male ancestor who lived in the 7th century CE.
Researchers found that termites evolved from cockroach ancestors that became dependent on cooperation and food sharing within colonies. Monogamy and high relatedness were crucial for the evolution of complex social systems in termites, with genes involved in sperm motility being lost due to the absence of sperm competition.
A QUT-led study has found how increasing aridity and habitat variation led to the diversification of modern kangaroos and wallabies. The research reveals that these iconic Australian marsupials evolved in two major bursts over the past nine million years, with their expansion coinciding with the emergence of grasslands.
A study led by Lund University reveals how a dominant wall lizard species has wiped out several color variants within its population. The researchers analyzed data from over 10,000 individuals and found that the aggressive 'Hulk' lizards have shifted the balance of colors, leaving only white throat colors remaining.
Researchers used genetic data from house sparrows to develop a statistical model that can predict traits in other species. The study found that making predictions across different populations works less well than within populations, but provided new insights for improving the technique.
A new study found that rising temperatures are driving changes in polar bear DNA, which may help them adapt to increasingly challenging environments. The researchers discovered that genes related to heat-stress, aging, and metabolism are behaving differently in polar bears living in southeastern Greenland.
A new study found that wood warblers have borrowed color-related genes from neighboring species, leading to the evolution of diverse plumage colors. This gene exchange, known as introgression, occurred across multiple genera and is believed to have played a role in the group's rapid diversification.
A recent Nature study reveals that complex life developed significantly earlier than previously thought, around 2.9 billion years ago. This challenges existing theories and proposes a new scenario for eukaryogenesis, where the nucleus and other internal structures evolved before mitochondria.
A new study reveals that Homo sapiens evolved in southern Africa for at least 200,000 years, contradicting previous theories. The analysis of 28 ancient genomes found genetic adaptations that shaped the species and unique variants linked to kidney functions and cognitive evolution.
Researchers analyzed DNA of 28 ancient southern Africans, finding 490 modern human-specific genetic variants, including immune system and kidney function genes. These adaptations may be related to human's water-retention and body-cooling system, giving special endurance.
A study published in Nature found that wild birds, particularly ducks, geese, and swans, are driving the current US bird flu outbreak. The viruses were introduced to North America via migratory birds and have become better adapted to infect wild birds since 2020.
A recent study from researchers at the University of Bristol and University of Barcelona found that animals from various lineages independently developed similar genetic adaptations to thrive on land. The research analyzed 154 genomes across 21 animal species and identified common genetic basis for transitioning from water to land.
A new study found that rapidly evolving animals, such as the Greater Kudu and Big Horn Sheep, have fewer cancerous tumors. In contrast, non-cancerous tumors showed no significant difference in prevalence across species. The research suggests that evolution built stronger cancer defenses in rapidly changing species.
A team of researchers has identified a common sex-determining gene called ANTSR in both bees and ants, revealing a conserved mechanism that has been present for over 150 million years. This finding sheds light on the genetic basis of sex determination in these species and may have implications for bee conservation and breeding programs.
Researchers at OIST develop a new method harnessing 'jumping genes' to recreate the termite tree of life, providing a template for solving ancient evolutionary mysteries. The study achieves similar accuracy to trees built from thousands of protein marker sequence alignments.
Research from La Trobe University reveals 'broken' genes as a common factor in marsupial fur color. The study found missing DNA stretches disabling the Agouti Signalling Protein gene in black morph eastern quolls and Tasmanian devils, leading to unique coat colors.
Researchers found a genetic variant that protects against winter vomiting disease, which was introduced to Europe through early farmers around 6,000 BCE. The FUT2 gene variant is linked to an increased risk of stomach ulcers and gallstones, but provides full protection against the virus.
Researchers from Princeton University uncover the origins of the human-biting mosquito Culex pipiens molestus, dating it back over 1,000 years to ancient agricultural societies in Egypt. The study reveals genetic links between bird-biting and human-biting mosquitoes, crucial for understanding West Nile virus transmission.
A recent study analyzed 390 parent-offspring trios to identify gene mutations that occur in the sperm or ovum, leading to de novo mutations. The results show a clear correlation between parental age and the number of new mutations in puppies, with higher paternal age increasing the risk.
David Stern, a Senior Group Leader at Janelia Research Campus, joins Stowers Institute to uncover new avenues of biology with enormous implications. His lab discovered 'bicycle proteins' that trick plants into growing protective homes for aphids, shedding light on the battle between plants and insects.
A new research paper from Colorado State University finds that precipitation levels are the key environmental factor influencing genetic variation in the warbler's beak, which is crucial for heat retention. The study reveals that birds struggling to adapt to climate change experience higher stress levels and population declines.
Researchers at Stowers Institute for Medical Research have identified the precise location where human chromosomes break and recombine to form Robertsonian chromosomes. The study reveals that repetitive DNA sequences play a central role in genome organization and evolution, explaining how these rearrangements form and remain stable.
Scientists have discovered how to potentially control harmful insect populations by studying a 'selfish gene' that manipulates inheritance. By understanding the molecular basis of this genetic mechanism, researchers believe they can identify novel methods to control certain insects that are globally significant pests and disease carriers.
Researchers found genetic adaptations underlying survival in hot and dry environments, revealing how natural selection enabled the Turkana to thrive in extreme conditions. The study identified key genes, including STC1, that play vital roles in conserving water and protecting kidneys from waste.
A team of researchers found that a regulatory region of the genome, which controls the development of digits in mice and fish, was co-opted by evolution to guide digit formation. This discovery reveals a major evolutionary strategy of reusing existing genetic mechanisms.
Researchers found that brown anole lizards can withstand extreme lead levels without impairment. Transcriptomic analyses revealed minor effects on brain and liver tissue, with altered genes linked to metal ion regulation.
Researchers found that symbionts of reed beetles regulate gene expression according to the beetle's life stage, diet, and environmental conditions. The study shows that these bacteria can maintain a regulated metabolism with a minimal set of genes, suggesting a flexible and adaptable approach to support their hosts.
A study found that the red-headed wood pigeon's unique genetic history, shaped by centuries of gradual inbreeding, enabled its population to survive and rebound dramatically. The team's analysis revealed lower levels of highly deleterious mutations in the endangered species compared to the more widespread Japanese wood pigeon.
Researchers found that a single amino acid substitution in the ADSL enzyme affects its stability and expression, contributing to modern human differences in behavior. The study suggests that this change may have provided an evolutionary advantage in certain tasks.
The cichlid fish Perissodus microlepis has an unusual head shape due to bilateral symmetry breakdown, and its genome analysis reveals multiple genes contribute to this asymmetry. Behavioral experiences also influence the preferred direction of hunting behavior, reinforcing both genetic and morphological asymmetries.
The American Society of Human Genetics recognizes Dr. Harry Dietz for his work on Marfan Syndrome, Dr. Eric Green for his leadership in advancing human genetics and genomics, Dr. Mike Talkowski for his pioneering contributions to cytogenetics and genomic medicine, and Dr. Elizabeth Bhoj for her extensive work in translational genetics.
A large international team genetically maps glasswing butterflies across Central and South America, rewriting the evolutionary tree and highlighting six new species. This study provides answers to questions that have remained unknown for at least 150 years.
Scientists discovered that marine copepods rely on both genetic and epigenetic changes to survive climate change. Epigenetic changes, which are temporary chemical modifications, play a crucial role in helping these tiny crustaceans adapt to ocean acidification and warming conditions.
A new study led by Brown University biologists found that different species of large herbivores have diets that are more diverse and complex than previously known. Researchers analyzed fecal and plant samples to identify the types of plants consumed by each species, revealing smaller dietary differences between species than expected.
Researchers from University of Zurich and Basel decode historical specimen to understand how 1918-1920 influenza pandemic evolved in Europe. The Swiss genome reveals three key adaptations that made the virus more resistant to human immunity and more infectious.
A new University of British Columbia study reveals that male guppies with more orange coloration are up to two times more sexually active and perform for females longer periods. The research identifies a genetic link between guppy color and behavior, suggesting healthier and fitter individuals may be more attractive to females.
The Siberian flying squirrel's genetic diversity is lowest in Finland and highest in the Russian Far East, highlighting a need for taxonomic re-evaluation and conservation efforts. The species' western populations are facing population declines and habitat loss, compromising their capacity to adapt to environmental changes.
Researchers at Stockholm University have uncovered the evolutionary history of the Norwegian lemming, revealing it to be one of the most recently evolved mammal species. The study found that the Norwegian and Siberian lemmings diverged approximately 35,000 years ago, with no evidence of interbreeding between them.
A study reveals that decades of overfishing have significantly altered the genetic composition of Eastern Baltic cod, leading to reduced growth rates and smaller sizes. The researchers found a correlation between slower growth and increased survival under high fishing pressure.
New research reveals evolutionary reversal in island plants where wild-growing tomatoes on western islands produce alkaloids similar to those found in eggplants. The study suggests that environmental conditions may be driving the reversal, and this phenomenon could have implications for human evolution and nature's ability to adapt.
Researchers have discovered two signaling molecules that can reprogram ant duties, mirroring gene-expression patterns found in eusocial naked mole-rats. These findings suggest a convergent molecular mechanism dating back hundreds of millions of years, hinting at the evolutionary depth of social behavior.
A global study has uncovered greater diversity and flexibility in mosquito feeding patterns, challenging old ideas about how they choose their hosts. The research highlights the need for better tracking and prediction of mosquito-driven disease transmission in a changing climate.
A study comparing two species of transparent worms reveals that gene expression patterns tend to remain unchanged in basic cell types, while diverging more rapidly in specialized cells involved in sensing and responding to the environment. The findings provide new insights into the pace of evolution in organisms.
Research led by University of Wyoming scientists identifies a potential new subspecies of sharp-tailed grouse in south-central Wyoming. The population found in southern Carbon County and northwest Colorado is not Columbian or plains sharp-tailed grouse, but rather potentially a distinct subspecies isolated for years.
A recent study published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B discovered that sex-changing fish can rapidly assert dominance after a change in social hierarchy. In this species, known as the New Zealand spotty or paketi, dominant behavior emerges within minutes of removing the current dominant fish.
A team of researchers constructed a cross-species single-nucleus RNA-seq atlas of amniote brains, uncovering conserved and divergent cell-type evolution. Functional divergence or loss of paralogous genes significantly drove the evolution of brain cell types, with distinct expression patterns across species.
Scientists have discovered that leprosy, caused by bacteria Mycobacterium lepromatosis, has been infecting humans in the Americas for at least 1,000 years. The study analyzed DNA from ancient human remains and recent clinical cases, confirming that the disease was already widespread in North and South America before European colonization.
A recent study has discovered that cold-adapted species began evolving 2.6 million years ago, with many modern species emerging around 700,000 years ago. The research provides insights into the evolution of Arctic ecosystems and highlights the importance of understanding past adaptations to inform conservation efforts.
Researchers used yeast populations to measure evolutionary potential to adapt to future warming in real-time, highlighting species-specific responses. Different species employed distinct strategies to cope with heat, with some expanding temperature ranges and others reducing fitness.
The Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona is part of the international Tree of Sex project, aiming to create a comprehensive database on reproduction in eukaryotes. The UAB will contribute genomic, transcriptomic, and ecological data to expand upon the original initiative.
A new study found that mammals with bigger brains and more complex immune systems tend to live longer. The research suggests that the immune system plays a major role in driving the evolution of longer lifespans across mammals, removing aging and damaged cells, controlling infections, and preventing tumor formation.
A study found that bumblebees are twice as likely to visit yellow flowers compared to red ones, with increased scent emission being a key factor. However, the shape of the flowers presented problems for bees, hindering efficient pollen transfer.
Researchers have discovered that secretoglobins, a protein family thought to be exclusive to mammals, are also found in turtles, crocodilians, lizards, and birds. The study suggests that these proteins evolved earlier than dinosaurs and share a basic function not yet discovered.
Researchers at King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST) have discovered genes that can strengthen rice crops against environmental stresses such as heat, drought, and salinity. The study also identified a comprehensive framework for developing robust rice crops that can thrive in challenging environments.
A UNIGE team has identified a single gene, CLCN2, that determines the corn snake's diverse skin pattern diversity. The study found that variations in this gene lead to distinct coloration patterns, including red blotches and stripes.
Researchers have identified two proteins in birds that compensate for the loss of a key immune component in humans, providing insights into combating respiratory diseases. The study sheds light on how birds maintain lung protection despite their unique respiratory anatomy.
A new study published in Science reveals insights into the activity of genes inside different cell types in maize plants. The research, led by Alexandre Marand at the University of Michigan, sheds light on how molecular biology connects to a plant's visible traits, such as ear size and growth.
A study published in the Journal of Medical Entomology found a gene mutation in bed bugs that may contribute to their resistance to insecticides. The researchers, led by Warren Booth, discovered the mutation in 134 unique populations of bed bugs collected from North America between 2008-22.
The study reveals that eukaryogenesis occurred abruptly at a critical gene length of 1,500 nucleotides, marking the emergence of the eukaryotic cell. This phase transition was algorithmic, driven by the tension between increasing gene length and protein complexity.
A new genomic study has uncovered long-lost genetic diversity in mammoth lineages spanning over a million years, shedding light on their evolutionary history. The findings demonstrate the power of ancient DNA in characterising past genetic diversity and advance our understanding of mammoth evolution.