Articles tagged with Human Genetics
Researchers at Indiana University found similar clustering of DNA in humans and archaeal chromosomes, which can affect gene expression. The discovery supports the use of archaea in studying human diseases related to errors in cellular gene expression.
A recent study found that modern humans acquired a gene variant from Denisovans that increases immune reactions and protective responses to disease-causing microbes. The Denisovan gene variant, I207L, was discovered in families with severe autoimmune conditions and was also present in an extinct human species found in the Altai Mountains.
Researchers at the University of Miami discovered that fruit flies have an innate time- and color-dependent preference for light, contrary to decades-long assumption that they are attracted to blue light. The study found that fruit flies prefer green light early in the morning and late afternoon, and avoid blue light throughout the day.
A new study reveals that APOE4, the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, impairs the function of human brain immune cells, microglia. This impairment increases inflammation and reduces their ability to remove toxic amyloid from the brain.
A study published in Nature Communications reveals that inherited germline variations and somatic mutations interact to determine the course of Ewing sarcoma disease. The research, led by Dr. Thomas Grünewald, shows how genetic context influences tumor growth and progression.
Researchers discovered fungal communities in fetal gut, finding evidence of gradual natural colonization before birth. The study's findings suggest microbial components play important roles in human health and development.
The book explores the social and ethical implications of gene editing on human germline cells, including its impact on relationships between parents and children, health, normalcy, and well-being. Leading thinkers weigh in on the potential risks and benefits of this revolutionary technology.
Researchers at Kyoto University discovered that fruit flies can thrive on various diets due to their flexible response to carbohydrates. In contrast, genetic cousins of the fruit fly are 'nutritional specialists' and can only grow on specific plants. The study sheds light on how organisms adapt to different nutritional environments.
A comprehensive genetic map reveals Scotland is divided into six clusters, mirroring ancient kingdoms such as Strathclyde and Pictland. This analysis could aid the discovery of rare DNA differences related to human disease.
Researchers have identified a receptor protein that can detect extreme cold temperatures in creatures. The study found that the glr-3 gene, responsible for making the GLR-3 receptor protein, is required for worms to sense cold temperatures and is evolutionarily conserved across species.
A 'Dream Team' of scientists has received a grant to develop powerful tools for manipulating genes in the blind Mexican cavefish, a model system for studying human diseases. The project aims to create precise gene expression and function through genomic tools commonly used in other fish models.
Researchers create a 'clock in a dish' to study human developmental timing, replicating a genetic mutation linked to spondylocostal dysotosis. This breakthrough provides insight into the hard-wired timing within cells and may accelerate cell development for clinical benefit.
A large-scale study by Kyushu University researchers found that E. coli bacteria from cattle exhibit characteristics similar to those causing human food poisoning. The findings suggest that these bacterial adaptations may help them thrive in a cattle's intestine, leading to the emergence of new, harmful strains.
Researchers discover that sticky meshworks of DNA and proteins extruded by neutrophils act as the glue that binds together calcium and cholesterol crystals during gallstone formation. Inhibiting NETs reduces gallstone growth in mice, offering new strategies for treating gallstone disease.
A study published in PLOS Pathogens found that the M gene segment of influenza A virus restricts growth and transmission in human hosts. Excess production of the M2 protein resulting from avian-derived M segments interferes with cellular functions, highlighting the critical role of M segment gene expression in host adaptation.
A recent study revealed that Neanderthals had an exceptionally high frequency of external auditory exostoses, also known as 'swimmer's ear', in their remains. This suggests that they spent a significant amount of time collecting resources in aquatic settings.
Domestic European pigs have a mix of European and Near Eastern ancestry until 6,000 years ago. After introduction to Europe, modern pigs lost their original genomic ancestry due to gene flow from wild boars.
Scientists discovered a protein called LIN-53 that controls muscle integrity, lifespan and levels of an essential sugar. The protein is an epigenetic factor that affects gene expression and heritable traits.
Cells use a molecular safety mechanism to smuggle genetic information molecules around the cell, which are then used to recognize and shut down parasites. This discovery provides new insight into how animal genomes defend themselves against DNA parasites and reveals a previously unknown RNA transport route.
Researchers identified a gene in fruit flies that helps prevent seizures triggered by environmental stress. In humans, mutations in the gene may be linked to seizures associated with Long QT Syndrome, suggesting a potential connection between brain and heart function.
Researchers found that fish preserve 'DNA methylation' memories between generations, unlike humans where this is almost entirely erased. This discovery opens up new avenues for studying intergenerational memory transfer through DNA methylation.
Researchers estimate that it would take approximately 50 million years to recover the number of bird species lost since humans first colonized New Zealand. The conservation initiatives currently underway in New Zealand may prevent millions of years of evolution from further loss.
A massive study involving 17,606 participants has identified rare genetic variations associated with a higher risk of epilepsy. The research found that both severe and less severe forms of the disease share similar genetic features, paving the way for more targeted treatments.
Researchers at UCI have developed a mouse model that allows for the study of human brain immune cells in unprecedented detail. The 'chimeric' mouse contains human microglia, enabling the investigation of Alzheimer's mechanisms and potential treatments.
Researchers reconstruct 3D image of group II introns to uncover large-scale molecular movement associated with RNA catalysis. This discovery provides key insights into the evolutionary origins of RNA splicing and its impact on human disease.
A novel antibody-enzyme fusion has virtually eliminated Lafora bodies in LD mouse brains, restoring normal brain metabolism. The therapy has potential treatment applications beyond Lafora Disease, including other glycogen storage diseases.
New human artificial chromosomes (HACs) have been developed to overcome the limitations of previous versions by removing repetitive elements and utilizing epigenetic markers. These advancements enable more thorough studies of chromosome function and open doors to complex synthetic biological systems.
Geneticist Hal Dietz receives ASHG Mentorship Award for his sustained pattern of exemplary mentorship. Dr. Dietz has mentored over 50 successful mentees, many of whom have received prestigious awards and independent funding.
A new study published in European Journal of Human Genetics reveals that the left-handed Z-DNA conformation plays a key role in regulating type I interferon responses, which are involved in fighting viruses and cancer. The study analyzes families with variants in the ADAR gene and confirms a biological function for the left-handed conf...
Researchers discovered genome-wide variations in gene expression between females and males in mammalian species. The study revealed hundreds of conserved sex-biased gene expressions contributing to differences in traits.
A new study has identified 40 crucial genes in Cryptococcus that impact human disease outcomes, offering a potential breakthrough in treatment. The findings could lead to personalized medicine approaches and reduced reliance on toxic antifungals.
Researchers analyzed blood samples from 21 animals to identify biomarkers for diseases like lung tumors and Alzheimer's. These biomarkers are evolutionarily conserved, meaning they occur in humans and other species with similar function.
Researchers found evidence of interbreeding between modern humans and Neandertals, Denisovans, and two unnamed archaic groups in Island Southeast Asia and East Asia. The ancestors of modern humans mixed with these groups before they became extinct.
New research reveals that epigenetic changes in humans and zebrafish, a tiny fish species, are conserved for over 400 million years. The study found that genes linked to cancer development are silenced early in human embryos, similar to zebrafish, suggesting an ancient mechanism controlling these genes.
Researchers discovered that millet farmers from northern China introduced cold-tolerant barley to the plateau around 3600 years ago. This genetic legacy has contributed significantly to the current genetic landscape of Tibetans.
Mosquitoes have evolved to specialize in humans, recognizing distinct human odors through a complex blend of compounds. Researchers study the behavior, genetics, and brain structure of disease-carrying mosquitoes to understand this specialization.
Researchers analyzed data from four years of Q&A sessions at academic conferences and found that men asked most questions, even in a majority-woman audience. The study suggests that public discussion and policy changes focused on gender equity can make a significant difference.
A large-scale study reveals fundamental gene activity networks controlling organ development in mammals, with original patterns dating back over 200 million years. The researchers also identified a surprising number of RNA genes involved in organ development.
Research suggests that humans have lost the ability to shunt fat cells toward beige or brown fat, leading to an increased reliance on calorie-storing white fat. This shift may have provided an energy advantage for human brain growth, but also contributes to modern obesity.
Researchers recommend moving away from animal models to in vitro and in silico studies using human-mimetic tools for studying deadly mosquito-borne flaviviruses. The emerging technologies will help predict human pathogenesis and drug efficacy, and improve clinical solutions.
A team of scientists is using single-cell sequencing to map the diversity of cells in the human heart, aiming to understand how different cell types contribute to its function. The research, part of the Human Cell Atlas initiative, aims to provide a reference for future studies on heart diseases.
A study published in Annals of Neurology suggests that serotonin may play a role in heightened somatic awareness, a condition characterized by unexplained physical symptoms. Patients with this condition are more likely to develop chronic pain and have lower levels of serotonin in their blood.
The IADR/AADR Journal of Dental Research has announced the winner of its Cover of the Year Award, 2018 for a study on Schwann cell phenotypes in aging human dental pulp. The award recognizes an aesthetically pleasing and scientifically novel image that enhances the impact of the article.
Researchers analyzed paper mulberry genetic samples to study prehistoric human movements in Oceania. The analysis revealed a clear genetic structure and dispersion patterns that match archaeological and linguistic data, providing insights into past human interactions and population dispersal.
A team of scientists discovered a new group of people who lived in north eastern Siberia during the last Ice Age. The Ancient North Siberians had a mosaic genetic make-up and were closely related to both Europeans and Asians.
A gene mutation that became more common in humans after cooking and farming emerged as a potential adaptation to modern high-carb diets. The variant is associated with improved blood sugar regulation and may have helped ancient humans manage food scarcity.
Researchers at the University of Toronto have found dozens of genes unique to humans that code for transcription factors controlling gene activity. These genes recognize diverse DNA motifs, regulating different genes and potentially driving species differences between humans and chimps.
Researchers discovered that ribosomes in human cells destroy healthy mRNAs, affecting protein production and regulating gene expression. This discovery may lead to a better understanding of gene misregulation in human diseases.
Scientists at Cornell University have developed a new, genetically clean strain of the C. elegans worm, which will serve as a standardized baseline for future research studies. The new genome sequence reveals hidden genetic variations and highlights the need for accurate DNA sequencing in synthetic biology.
Researchers discovered a receptor on human cells that detects metabolites from fermented food bacteria, triggering immune cell movement. Consuming lactic acid bacteria may provide anti-inflammatory effects and serve as a potential drug target for inflammatory diseases.
Scientists at the University of Sheffield discovered how genes create proteins based on mRNA instructions, helping understanding of cancers and conditions like motor neuron disease. The process, similar across many living organisms, could aid development of treatments for human diseases.
Researchers discovered that bedbugs have been parasitic companions with other species aside from humans for more than 100 million years. The team found that bedbugs are 50 million years older than bats and were already specialized on a single host type, even though the host was unknown at the time of T. rex.
Researchers discover a natural compound in broccoli that can reactivate the function of PTEN, a potent tumor suppressor gene frequently mutated or deleted in human cancers. The compound, indole-3-carbinol (I3C), was found to inhibit WWP1, an enzyme that inactivates PTEN's tumor-suppressing activity.
Researchers discovered oldest Scandinavian human DNA in ancient chewing gums, providing a link between material culture and genetics. The study sheds light on the genetic composition of early Mesolithic populations from Scandinavia.
A new study on 46 mammal species reveals how the pursuit of starch drove evolutionary adaptations in animals. Mammals with starchy diets tend to have more copies of the amylase gene, which carries instructions for building amylase.
Researchers at Yale University have identified low humidity as a key factor in increasing flu virus transmission and severity. The study found that low humidity impairs the immune response, preventing cilia from removing viral particles and reducing airway cells' ability to repair damage.
A Rutgers discovery identified a siesta-suppressing gene in fruit flies that helps creatures balance the benefits of napping against getting important activities done during the day. The 'daywake' gene regulates behavioral flexibility, allowing flies to seek food or mates when temperatures are cool.
The Gulf killifish has developed adaptive resistance to pollutants in Galveston Bay, Texas, through hybridization with the Atlantic Killifish. This genetic exchange has enabled the species to persist in polluted waters, highlighting the role of inter-species connectivity in adaptation to environmental changes.
A team of researchers has identified the first gene associated with LUTO, a rare condition causing urinary tract obstruction in boys. The study found that variants of the BNC2 gene are linked to the disease, which can lead to kidney damage and other complications.
A team of researchers analyzed the DNA of nine 13th-century Crusaders, revealing a genetically diverse group that intermixed with local populations. The findings provide insights into the history of the Crusades and highlight the importance of ancient DNA in understanding historical events.