Articles tagged with Mrna Translation
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Regulatory T cells suppress self-reactive T cells by controlling protein synthesis, maintaining immune tolerance and preventing autoimmunity. A small molecule inhibitor called RocA also shows promise in mitigating inflammatory responses.
Researchers at the University of Würzburg have developed a new method called INRI-seq, which allows for detailed analysis of gene activity in individual cells. This technique can help identify new targets for targeted therapies and improve our understanding of protein synthesis.
Researchers at Nagoya University developed a chemical-only process to create customized mRNA vaccines, offering an inexpensive and large-scale production of mRNA. The new method allows for precise molecular design and stable mRNA with improved translational activity.
Researchers studied peptide bond formation between tRNA molecules and a ribosomal RNA segment, revealing the potential for minihelices to bind to the primordial peptidyl transferase center. The study suggests that functional interactions between tRNA and PTC could have been 'revised' in evolution.
A research team has discovered how the Covid virus reproduces itself by taking over the cell's protein factory. The team identified a specific structure in viral mRNA that allows the virus to access the ribosome and produce its own proteins, while blocking cellular production. This discovery opens up new avenues for antiviral treatments.
Researchers at the University of Cologne's Institute of Organic Chemistry have created a novel method for producing synthetic messenger RNA (mRNA) with site-specifically introduced non-natural nucleotides. This approach allows for better therapeutic applications and study of cellular processes.
A UMass Chan clinical trial demonstrates the safety and efficacy of an antisense oligonucleotide in suppressing mutant C9ORF72, a common cause of familial ALS. The treatment led to reduced levels of neurotoxins and stable or improved ALS functional scores.
Researchers at Rice University have discovered a new mechanism by which prions can regulate protein synthesis in cells. The model proposes that prion aggregates and their monomers play a role in channeling RNA messages into new proteins, forming organized protein synthesis factories. This discovery has implications for our understandin...
A team of researchers from Tokyo Tech has identified intrinsic regulatory mechanisms that enable nascent polypeptides to stabilize ribosomes and maintain uninterrupted translation. This discovery highlights the importance of peptide sequences in regulating protein synthesis.
Researchers at MIT and Harvard University have developed a way to selectively turn on gene therapies in target cells by detecting specific messenger RNA sequences. This technology can fine-tune gene therapies for applications ranging from regenerative medicine to cancer treatment, potentially reducing side effects and increasing efficacy.
A new study reveals that multiple pathways regulate poly(A) tail lengths in yeast, involving poly(A) binding proteins and a self-regulating pathway. This discovery sheds light on the complex control of mRNA tails and their impact on protein production.
A team of researchers has identified a novel splicing mechanism for human short introns, involving the distinct factor SPF45. This discovery sheds light on alternative splicing and its potential applications in cancer treatment.
Researchers developed a new mRNA delivery platform using ZIF-8 nanoparticles that exhibit high mRNA loading capacity, successful endosomal escape, and synergistic GSH depletion. This approach upregulates mRNA translation and improves delivery efficiency compared to existing methods.
The structure of the mRNA initiation complex provides new insights into cancer and disease processes. The discovery proposes a model for how mRNA is pulled through the ribosome for scanning, revealing that start codons need to be sufficiently far from the front end of the mRNA.
Researchers have developed modified mRNAs with sulfur atoms that accelerate protein synthesis by at least 20 times, paving the way for efficient protein production and mRNA therapeutics. This breakthrough has significant implications for medical treatments, including vaccine therapy and protein replacement therapy.
Researchers developed an optogenetic method called mRNA-LARIAT to control mRNA position and translation in living cells. The technique uses blue light to trap specific mRNAs, reducing protein synthesis and cell motility.
Researchers at UAB aim to understand the biological changes underlying major depressive disorder by studying RNA chemical modifications. They will analyze postmortem brain tissue for changes in mRNA methylation and its impact on gene expression.
Researchers discovered MYC's new roles in cancer cell efficiency and protein production. High MYC levels stimulate specific mRNAs translation into respiratory complex proteins, fueling growth. This study reveals MYC regulates metabolic enzymes and immune receptors in lymphoma cells.
A new study led by Juana Díez has discovered a common regulator, Xrn1, that connects the three main stages of gene expression. This common coordinator prevents toxic aggregations in membrane proteins, ensuring the cell's robustness against genetic alterations.
An international team of researchers has determined the function of a new family of proteins associated with cancer and autism. The study found that these proteins, including MCT-1 and DENR, play a crucial role in regulating protein production by acting as translation factors for uORF-containing mRNA.
Researchers at MIT have designed a synthetic delivery system that is four times more effective than delivering mRNA on its own. The system uses a protein cap and poly-A binding protein to help mRNA bind to ribosomes and begin translation, resulting in higher protein expression.
Researchers at Hokkaido University have created a new technology that can precisely control gene expression by light illumination, overcoming existing limitations. The method uses ultraviolet and blue light to start and stop protein production in embryos, enabling precise timing and duration of gene expression.
Researchers found that messenger molecules in flatworms have alternate forms with varying tail lengths, affecting gene expression. The study provides insights into stem cell regulation and tissue regeneration.
Researchers at UC Berkeley have found a new cancer drug target that controls only a few percent of the body's proteins, potentially allowing for a more specific anti-cancer effect. The target is a protein called eIF3d that binds to specialized mRNAs and triggers translation of growth-promoting proteins.
Researchers have developed a technology allowing them to visualize single molecules of messenger RNA as they are translated into proteins in living mammalian cells. Initial findings suggest that this may shed light on neurological diseases such as Fragile X Syndrome and Alzheimer's, as well as cancer.
A new system allows scientists to image RNA inside living cells, monitor its activity and even control it. The modular components enable easy performance of a wide variety of RNA manipulations.
Biologists at the University of Pennsylvania have discovered a new way that messenger RNA is regulated, which affects the production of proteins. The study found that modified mRNAs are more likely to be involved in stress responses and cell cycle control, suggesting a mechanism for dynamic regulation.
Decaying RNA molecules provide a snapshot of how proteins are produced, with one end decaying while the other serves as a template for translation. Researchers have discovered that an enzyme degrading mRNA follows closely behind ribosomes, pausing at set points to allow translation to complete before degradation begins.
Researchers have developed a new fluorescence microscopy technique that shows where and when proteins are produced in individual cells. The technique allows direct observation of messenger RNA molecules being translated into proteins, shedding light on protein synthesis irregularities contributing to human diseases.
Researchers found that different codons in the genetic code are deciphered at varying rates, affecting protein production. This knowledge can be used to manipulate gene expression and potentially treat illnesses by altering decoding rates.
Research reveals that damaged messenger RNA can cause ribosomes to jam, leading to the production of short proteins and contributing to neurodegenerative diseases. Oxidized mRNA was found to accumulate in cells with advanced Alzheimer's, highlighting a potential mechanism for the disease.
Researchers investigate gene expression during Drosophila development, finding thousands of mRNAs translated differently and a protein kinase complex regulating translational changes. The study provides insights into the oocyte-to-embryo transition and its role in embryogenesis.
A study by Whitehead Institute researchers found that poly(A)-tail length does not impact translation efficiency in cells matured beyond gastrulation stage. This discovery may challenge existing mechanisms of gene regulation involving the poly(A) tail.
Scientists at UMass Chan Medical School discovered that knocking out a gene important for mRNA translation restores memory deficits and reduces behavioral symptoms in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome. The study suggests that the prime cause of the disease may be a translational imbalance, and restoration of this balance may be neces...
Scientists have discovered that protein translation in dendrites is complex and dictates by translational hotspots, not solely when RNA is present. This finding may inform neurological and psychiatric illness therapeutics.
A team at Arizona State University has identified thousands of RNA sequences, known as Translation Enhancing Elements (TEEs), which initiate cap-independent translation in the human genome. These findings have significant implications for understanding protein synthesis and may hold potential for biomedical applications.
Scientists at Buck Institute discover that inhibiting an mRNA translation factor increases stress response genes and extends lifespan in C. elegans. The study highlights the importance of mRNA translation in aging and may lead to the development of therapeutics to slow age-related diseases.
Researchers discovered that microRNAs primarily disable mRNA templates to control protein production. This allows for easier study of gene targets through mRNA levels rather than protein levels.
Researchers at SUNY Downstate Medical Center have identified proteins (Ligatin, MCT-1 and DENR) that can enhance the progression of viruses and cancer cells by promoting eIF2-independent translation initiation. This novel mechanism is a potential target for therapeutic inhibition to counteract viral infections.
Scientists are studying microRNAs as potential therapeutics for a range of applications due to their role in various cellular processes. Investigations have shed light on the role of miRNAs in cancer, particularly in controlling developmental events and cell growth.
Human cells have a natural surveillance system called nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) that detects and eliminates flawed mRNAs, which can cause genetic diseases. The study reveals that repression of protein synthesis during NMD is controlled by the attachment of phosphate groups to human UPF1.
Researchers developed a cell-free system to investigate microRNA function, providing unprecedented insight into how miRNAs repress translation. The study resolves the current conflict over miRNA action by showing that miRNAs recruit complexes containing Ago2 and GW182 proteins.
Scientists have discovered a key enzyme controlling melatonin synthesis in response to light and darkness. The study sheds new light on the intricate mechanisms regulating our sleep-wake cycles.
In eukaryotic cells, RINGO/Spy controls transcription and translation through protein-protein interactions. It inhibits the activity of the translation initiation factor eIF4E, leading to reduced protein synthesis.
Researchers identify FMRP RNA ligands containing 'kissing complex' motifs, redirecting search for disease targets. The study also reveals a crucial link between FMRP, mRNA translation regulation and neurologic dysfunction in Fragile X syndrome.
Researchers developed Antibody Positioned RNA Amplification (APRA) to analyze RNA binding proteins, identifying mRNAs encoding proteins involved in signal transmission and neuron maturation. The technique has great potential for targeting specific RNA binding proteins and studying disease states.
Researchers at MGH/Harvard discovered a tiny RNA gene controlling developmental timing in animals, including fish, sea urchins, and humans. The gene is conserved across bilaterally symmetric animals but not in more primitive or plant species.
Researchers identified three key molecular actors involved in Fragile X syndrome, including the protein FMRP, which binds to messenger RNA molecules and regulates translation. The study sheds light on the cellular mechanisms underlying the disorder, potentially leading to new treatments for other types of mental retardation.
Researchers at Duke University have developed a new approach to gene therapy that uses enzymes to edit faulty genetic messages in living cells. The study, published in Nature Medicine, demonstrates the potential for correcting genetic defects and may lead to treatments for diseases such as sickle cell anemia and AIDS.