Articles tagged with Artificial Genomes
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers from New England Biolabs and Yale University have developed a first fully synthetic bacteriophage engineering system using the High-Complexity Golden Gate Assembly platform. This method simplifies strain engineering techniques, allowing for rapid creation of tailored therapeutic strains to overcome antibiotic resistance.
Scientists at the University of Pittsburgh have created phages with synthetic genetic material, allowing them to add and subtract genes. This breakthrough enables researchers to engineer phages to target specific bacteria, offering new hope for combating antibacterial resistance.
A research team led by Professor Joongoo Lee successfully expanded ribosome range to produce ring-shaped backbones in proteins. This breakthrough could open doors to novel therapeutics and advanced biomaterials.
A new Center for Protein Design at the University of Copenhagen aims to create artificially designed proteins with tailored properties to tackle diseases, environmental issues, and industrial applications. The centre will drive fundamental research and translate basic findings into concrete solutions.
The study provides a comprehensive reference for six ape species, including siamang, Sumatran orangutan, gorilla, bonobo, and chimpanzee. The ape genomes offer new insights into human and ape evolution, genetic differences among species, and potential therapeutic applications.
Researchers identified recent advancements in bioinformatics foundation models, enhancing understanding of molecular landscapes and providing practical foundations for innovation in molecular biology. The models are versatile and essential tools for various downstream tasks, including genomics and drug discovery.
Researchers use generative AI to predict chromatin structures in single cells, overcoming limitations of existing experimental methods. The technique can generate thousands of structure predictions in minutes, enabling faster study of how 3D genome organization affects gene expression.
Mayo Clinic is developing foundation models with Microsoft Research and Cerebras Systems to personalize patient care, accelerating diagnostic time and improving accuracy. These multimodal models integrate radiology images and genomic sequencing data to transform clinical diagnosis and treatment.
The ChiTaRS 8.0 database is the world's largest collection of chimeric genes found in humans with cancer and other chronic diseases. It enables the precise adaptation of treatments to specific cancer types, improving treatment success and minimizing side effects.
Evo, a generative AI model, uses patterns in microbial genomes to write new genetic code, expanding the length of sequences models can process and improving resolution. Researchers use Evo to understand microbial and viral genomes, fashion new proteins, and reprogram microbes for remarkable tasks.
The study explores gene fusion technologies, including FISH, PCR, IHC, ECL, and NGS, to detect biomarkers in tumor diagnosis. AI-driven detection and comprehensive genome-wide analysis using NGS and bioinformatic tools enhance diagnostic accuracy.
A new study from European universities has developed a method to analyze wastewater data from seven major cities, identifying thousands of disease-causing bacteria, viruses, and antimicrobial resistance. This approach can detect potential health threats simultaneously, potentially preventing epidemics from escalating into outbreaks.
Scientists at Macquarie University propose using genetically engineered black soldier flies to transform waste management and sustainable biomanufacturing. The flies can consume large volumes of waste quickly, producing valuable industrial inputs such as enzymes and lipids.
AlphaFold's groundbreaking ability to predict protein structures is set to transform predictive medicine, enabling the development of personalized vaccines and adaptive clinical trials. However, the review also highlights crucial challenges and ethical considerations surrounding AI integration with clinical data.
The special issue explores challenges and opportunities in managing synthetic genomics risks, introducing a common global baseline for nucleic acid synthesis screening. Review articles provide insights into enhancing gene synthesis security and biosecurity practices of synthetic DNA providers.
Researchers have developed a modular epigenome editing platform to study the impact of chromatin modifications on transcription. The system allows for precise programming of nine biologically important chromatin marks, enabling the discovery of causal relationships between chromatin marks and gene regulation.
A global genomic surveillance system using latest technologies and a 'One Health' approach can detect novel pathogens like avian influenza and antimicrobial resistance, catching epidemics before they start. This can inform vaccination campaigns, targeted treatments, and public health responses to prevent epidemics.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins have developed a novel approach to identify cancer-causing repeats in DNA sequences, enabling non-invasive detection and monitoring of cancers. The ARTEMIS method uses machine learning to analyze cell-free DNA and distinguish between tumor and normal tissues with high accuracy.
A KAUST research team has developed a machine-learning approach that balances privacy preservation and model performance using ensemble privacy-preserving algorithms. The approach, called PPML-Omics, achieves better model performance while keeping the same level of privacy protection compared to previous methods.
Researchers have developed a novel tool for the selective and efficient recovery of large DNA molecules using TAR cloning. This technique has been applied to isolate individual gene alleles, study genome architecture and evolution, and engineer synthetic viruses with novel properties, including vaccine development.
A multidisciplinary study reconstructed the genomic history of the Balkan Peninsula during the first millennium CE, highlighting cosmopolitanism of the Roman frontier. The analysis revealed a large demographic contribution of people from Anatolia and cases of long-distance mobility from Africa and the steppes.
A new genomic study sheds light on the evolutionary innovation behind carnivorous Asian pitcher plants, suggesting that duplicated genomes may have enabled specialized carnivory and separate-sexed plants.
A UK-based team has completed construction of a synthetic chromosome as part of a major international project to build the world's first synthetic yeast genome. The synthetic chromosome allows cells to grow with the same fitness level as natural cells, enabling new applications in medicine, bioenergy, and biotechnology.
Researchers successfully combined seven synthetic chromosomes into a single yeast cell, resulting in a strain with more than 50% synthetic DNA. The team's achievement paves the way for engineering biology and understanding the fundamental principles of genome fundamentals.
Researchers have engineered a chromosome entirely from scratch, contributing to the production of the world's first synthetic yeast. The tRNA Neochromosome forms part of a wider project that has successfully synthesised all 16 native chromosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, common baker's yeast.
Researchers have developed STARVar, an artificial intelligence-powered method that leverages diverse data sources to identify genetic variants associated with diseases. The tool prioritizes genomic variants based on real-world patient symptoms, providing a more nuanced understanding of clinical presentations.
A new gene-editing technique combines peptide nucleic acids and prokaryotic Argonautes to introduce targeted breaks in the genome. The approach, called PNP editing, offers advantages over CRISPR-based methods, including improved specificity and targeting.
A team of researchers at Indiana University created a synthetic cell with only 493 genes, essential for life. The cell evolved rapidly over 300 days, adapting to its environment and recovering fitness lost due to genome streamlining.
Washington University in St. Louis' Zhang lab has been awarded a $458,490 NSF grant to refine their synthetic biology platform for producing muscle fibers with improved material properties. The team plans to examine genetic changes associated with titin protein and create fibers with defined sequences to study material properties.
Researchers at New York University have created artificial Hox genes using synthetic DNA technology and genomic engineering in stem cells. The findings confirm that clusters of Hox genes help cells learn and remember where they are in the body, with no other genes needed to be present.
SeqScreen, an open-source software toolkit, accurately characterizes short DNA sequences to detect pathogenic sequences. The program uses a curated database of thousands of gene sequences representing 32 types of virulence functions.
Harris Wang, a synthetic and systems biologist at Columbia University, received the Vilcek Prize for Creative Promise in Biomedical Science for his development of tools to track and engineer microbes. His research aims to improve diagnostic and therapeutic applications using genomic technologies.
Scientists have developed a gene-silencing tool that can quash gene activity across generations using small noncoding RNA molecules. This technique, called piRNAi, has expanded the molecular toolkit for gene manipulations and allows for more detailed investigations in nematode worms.
Scientists successfully induce gene expression from a synthetic DNA and evolution through continuous replication using cell-free materials. They also improve the DNA to increase its replication efficiency by up to 10-fold in just 60 days.
Researchers at CRG and Pulmobiotics have created the first 'living medicine' to treat antibiotic-resistant bacteria growing on medical implants. The experimental treatment successfully treated infections across in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo testing methods.
Researchers have developed a quadruplet codon system that could encode 256 distinct amino acids, allowing for the creation of proteins with tailored characteristics. The system uses tRNAs to translate information from DNA and RNA into amino acid building blocks, with promising results in translating segments of a protein.
Researchers have successfully split the E. coli genome into tripartite-genome of 1 million base pairs per genome, allowing for stable proliferation and paving the way for artificial life forms with designed functions.
Researchers used machine learning to generate high-quality synthetic human genomes without real human donors, addressing accessibility barriers in genomic research. The generated genomes mimic real human populations' complexities and can serve as proxies for underrepresented populations.
The Christen Lab has successfully produced a fully artificial genome, the Caulobacter ethensis-2.0, with over 580 functional genes. This breakthrough demonstrates the promise of synthetic biology in producing designer genomes for industrial and health applications.
The new centre aims to advance health and medicine by understanding the fundamental nature of life, with a focus on designing and building artificial cells and minimal genomes. Researchers will also investigate protein design and the foundations of life.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have designed a fully synthetic yeast genome, dubbed Sc2.0, which is smaller and more customizable than the natural yeast genome. The artificial genome allows scientists to study genetic questions that are difficult to answer with natural yeast, enabling new discoveries in biotechnology.
Scientists construct five new artificial yeast chromosomes, representing over one-third of yeast's entire genome, paving the way for building the first fully synthetic complex organism. The successful assembly demonstrates genetic plasticity and potential applications in gene therapy, biofuel production, and medicine.
The Tianjin University team, led by Professor Ying-Jin Yuan, has successfully redesigned yeast chromosomes synV and synX with the goal of creating a designer genome. The team used innovative educational tools, such as the Build-A-Genome (BAG) course, to train students in DNA synthesis and experimental skills.
Researchers designed a minimal bacterial genome containing only essential genes for life, consisting of 473 genes. The JCVI-syn3.0 platform represents a versatile tool for investigating the core functions of life.
Scientists developed a predictive tool to identify sequences that can cause mutations, DNA breaks, and diseases in genomes. The tool found 75% of human genes contain R-loop Forming Sequences, with an accuracy of 80-90% in predicting their locations.
J. Craig Venter will receive the Dickson Prize in Medicine for his groundbreaking contributions to human genome mapping and synthetic biology, including the completion of the first draft of the human genome and construction of a synthetic bacterium. The award recognizes his innovative work as a scientist, researcher, and entrepreneur.
A recent Hastings Center workshop examined the moral implications of synthetic biology, raising questions about humanity's relationship with nature. The project aims to address pressing ethical concerns in emerging technology, involving experts from various fields.