Gene Regulation
Articles tagged with Gene Regulation
Two proteins, one goal: New findings on stem cell differentiation
New AI tool developed by Stowers Institute and Helmholtz Munich scientists predicts how cells choose their future — helping uncover hidden drivers of development
Researchers developed RegVelo, an AI framework that models cellular dynamics and gene regulation to predict cellular fate decisions. The model traces developmental trajectories and simulates regulatory interactions, providing insights into hidden drivers of development and potential therapeutic targets.
Scientists offer new explanation for the rise in heart disease risk after menopause
A study published in Cells suggests that declining estrogen levels alter epigenetics, which may explain the rise in heart disease risk after menopause. The researchers identify a potential link between estrogen loss and changes in cardiovascular health.
One DNA letter can trigger complete sex reversal, Bar-Ilan University study finds
Researchers at Bar-Ilan University have discovered that changing just one letter in DNA can completely alter sex development in mice. A single-letter insertion in a non-coding regulatory region caused XX mice to develop as males with testis and male genitalia.
300 million years of hidden genetic instructions shaping plant evolution revealed
Researchers have uncovered the regulatory blueprint of plants, revealing a 300 million-year-old conserved regulatory code that guides plant development and shapes their diversity. This discovery opens new avenues for precision breeding and synthetic biology, and has significant implications for agriculture.
How do GLP-1 agonists affect gene expression?
Salk Institute researchers identified Med14, a protein connected to GLP-1 drug effects on pancreatic beta cells, leading to improved viability, insulin production, and stress resistance. The study suggests a potential molecular link between GLP-1 drugs and broader benefits, including type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes.
Genetic system makes worker cells more resilient producers of nanostructures for advanced sensing, therapeutics
A two-step approach to gene expression creates more resilient producers of nanostructures for advanced sensing and therapeutics. This new genetic regulatory system ensures host cells remain healthy while producing functional nanostructures.
Researchers identify novel RNA linked to cancer patient survival
A recent study published in PNAS reveals a novel non-coding RNA molecule, CUL1-IPA, that regulates key cellular functions and supports the structural integrity of the nucleolus. The discovery suggests this molecule may influence patient survival in certain blood cancers.
Two-step genome editing enables the creation of full-length humanized mouse models
A two-step genome editing method integrates large human genomic fragments into mice, mimicking human regulatory landscapes. This platform enables the creation of physiologically relevant humanized models for therapeutic targets and disease research.
UMass Chan scientists annotate largest map yet of human genome’s regulatory switches
Researchers have created a comprehensive map of the DNA sequences that control gene expression in human cells, identifying 2.37 million potential regulatory elements. This registry reveals previously unrecognized classes of elements and illuminates how noncoding genetic variation contributes to cell type-specific traits.
An AI-guided framework reveals conserved features governing microRNA strand selection
Researchers have decoded the logic of microRNA strand selection using AI, revealing a conserved and programmable mechanism governing gene regulation. The study found that this decision follows conserved rules rather than chance, with mammalian microRNAs showing a strong bias towards a single dominant strand.
Changes in genetic structure of yeast lead to disease-causing genomic instabilities
Researchers from The University of Osaka discovered that loss of heterochromatin can trigger genetic changes leading to chromosomal rearrangements and diseases like cancer. Accumulation of R-loops at pericentromeric repeats was found to be a key mechanism in this process.
Tissue repair slows in old age. These proteins speed it back up
Researchers discovered genes that regulate fibroblast growth, which builds the scaffolding between cells. Adjusting these factors reversed age-related changes and improved health outcomes in mice. The study offers new opportunities to understand and reverse aging-related diseases.
New software sheds light on cancer’s hidden genetic networks
Researchers developed RNACOREX, a new open-source software tool that identifies gene regulation networks in cancer. The tool analyzes thousands of molecules simultaneously to detect key interactions, providing an interpretable molecular map that improves understanding of tumors.
Genomic maps untangle the complex roots of disease
Researchers develop comprehensive method to connect diseases with underlying genetic machinery, revealing intricate gene networks that influence complex traits. The new technique provides actionable insights into how specific genes affect cell functions, shedding light on biological mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.
Brain resilience science reshapes psychiatry from treating illness to building strength
Dr. Eric J. Nestler's research has fundamentally reshaped global understanding of addiction and depression by focusing on resilience rather than pathology. His laboratory identified distinct molecular, cellular, and circuit changes in resilient brains that maintain normal behavioral function despite exposure to drugs or stress.
Researchers reveal intricate control system for key immune gene
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes and UCSF have identified the genetic switches that regulate FOXP3 levels in human and mouse cells. In humans, multiple enhancers work together to keep FOXP3 active, while a repressor keeps it off in conventional T cells. This discovery has important implications for developing immune therapies.
Air pollution can contribute to obesity and diabetes
Long-term exposure to fine air pollutants like PM2.5 can impair metabolic health by disrupting the normal function of brown fat through complex epigenetic changes. The study identified two enzymes, HDAC9 and KDM2B, as key drivers of this process.
Nobel Laureate David Baltimore reviews NF-κB research: Mastering cell fate, regulating health and disease
The NF-κB signaling pathway plays a key role in regulating immune responses, inflammation, cell development, and proliferation. Research into its functions and mechanisms continues to uncover new breakthroughs in immunology and life sciences.
How an ant’s nose knows
Scientists discovered a unique process by which ants select a single odorant receptor from hundreds of genes, using transcriptional interference to silence downstream neighbors. This mechanism has broad implications for the study of gene regulation and sensory systems in insects.
Reprogramming the epigenetic code affects growth and survival of tumour cells in multiple myeloma
Researchers reprogrammed the epigenetic code to affect tumour growth and survival in multiple myeloma. This study presents a comprehensive map of epigenetic alterations in multiple myeloma, highlighting site-specific increases in DNA and protein methylation that control gene activity.
Uncovering hidden gene switches
Researchers have developed a method to discover how DNA controls genes, revealing the genetic 'switches' that regulate important genes. The TESLA-seq technique identifies regulatory regions more quickly and accurately than existing methods, linking them to over 70 genes in a specific region.
Heme-based sulfide sensing in bacteria: a new target for antibiotics
Researchers discover how heme bound proteins catalyze hydrogen sulfide signaling in bacteria, leading to stress tolerance and antibiotic resistance. Disrupting this mechanism could inspire new antibiotic strategies against drug-resistant infections.
Recapitulating egg and sperm development in the dish
Researchers at Wyss Institute develop in vitro method to induce meiosis in human cells, enabling replication of critical step in egg and sperm cell development. The breakthrough could lead to modeling defects and creating healthy gametes for individuals with infertility.
Muscle’s master regulator moonlights as gene silencer
Scientists have discovered that MYOD protein can act as a gene silencer, clearing out old 'furniture' to reset the cell's identity. This finding challenges dogma and opens up new avenues for understanding cellular reprogramming and regenerative medicine therapies.
New method developed for mapping protein binding to DNA
A new method called DynaTag has been developed for mapping protein binding to DNA, providing high-resolution results. This innovation enables the analysis of single cells across various tissues and enhances understanding of developmental biological processes and disease mechanisms.
Cutting to the core of how 3D structure shapes gene activity
A new approach for understanding chromatin's 3D structure and its influence on gene regulation has been developed by scientists at Sanford Burnham Prebys. The method measures a genomic region's proximity to the isolated center of a chromatin clump, revealing that surface regions are more active than core regions.
Inhibitory neurons catch up during brain development
Researchers found that inhibitory neurons born later in brain development mature faster than those produced earlier, ensuring a balanced neural network. This regulation is controlled by genetic mechanisms and may contribute to developmental disorders.
Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation awards Quantitative Biology Fellowships to five cutting-edge scientists
The foundation recognizes five early-career scientists who apply computational methods to cancer research, with a focus on developing new protein designs and understanding chromatin modifications. Their work aims to improve treatment strategies and precision oncology for various cancers.
New insights into migraine-related light sensitivity
Scientists have identified a brain molecule called NEAT1 that appears to play a central role in triggering light sensitivity (photophobia) during migraines. By disrupting the normal balance of nerve signaling and pain regulation, NEAT1 makes nerves more sensitive to light.
New tool sheds light on DNA regulation in cancer and genome editing
Researchers developed a new computational method, KMAP, to explore DNA sequence patterns and reveal regulatory element behavior. The study found an uncharacterized DNA motif linked to cancer biology and identified distinct repair pathways for CRISPR-Cas9 editing.
Natural variations in ZmCCT2 regulate maize mesocotyl elongation and higher altitude adaptation
Researchers uncover pivotal role of ZmCCT2 in regulating maize mesocotyl length and adapting to high altitudes. Significant associations between genetic variations and mesocotyl lengths were found, highlighting the essential function of ZmCCT2 in promoting cell elongation.
Uncovering the structural and regulatory mechanisms underlying translation arrest
Two previously unknown ribosome-arresting peptides (RAPs), PepNL and NanCL, were identified in E. coli, inducing translation arrest through a unique mini-hairpin conformation in the exit tunnel of the ribosome. This discovery provides valuable insights into deciphering the hidden genetic codes within polypeptide sequences.
Dynamic R-loops at centromeres ensure chromosome alignment during oocyte meiotic divisions in mice
The study reveals that centromeric R-loops play a critical role in ensuring chromosome alignment during oocyte meiotic divisions. Disruption of R-loop homeostasis leads to spindle assembly defects and chromosomal misalignment, highlighting the importance of R-loops in maintaining genomic stability.
Candidate deafness genes revealed in new study
Researchers have identified new candidate genes that could be responsible for congenital deafness, a condition affecting around one in 1,000 babies born in the UK. The study suggests that understanding these gene mutations may hold the key to devising effective treatments.
Research fine tunes tools used to search for genetic causes of asthma
Researchers used genetic data and computational tools to identify genetic variants associated with asthma, finding differences between childhood- and adult-onset forms of the disease. The study provides insights into potential treatment targets for both types of asthma.
Novel brain study increases understanding of what triggers drug use relapse
A novel brain study uncovers the critical role of the HDAC5 enzyme in regulating gene expression and neuronal activity, which can trigger relapse in individuals with substance use disorders. The study highlights a new molecular target for developing novel treatments to reduce relapse risk.
Study finds immune protein modification blocks viral replication, heart inflammation
Researchers have found that a specific protein modification to the immune protein MDA5 can block viral replication and reduce heart inflammation. The study's findings could lead to the development of broad-spectrum antiviral treatments that target multiple viruses.
New research further translates the language of the genome
The study reveals new insights into the 'language' of gene expression, identifying key motifs that influence human development and disease risk. By analyzing 58,000 pairs of transcription factors, researchers estimated they identified between 18 and 47% of all human transcription factor pair motifs.
Map of genetic regulation in chickens could help fight against bird flu
A comprehensive atlas of gene activity in chickens has been created, revealing how millions of genetic variants affect gene regulation and giving researchers tools to understand agriculturally important traits. This knowledge could lead to healthier flocks, more resilient farming systems, and fewer economic losses for poultry producers.
Groundbreaking study reveals changes in brain cell composition and gene activity in Tourette syndrome
Researchers analyzed brain tissue from individuals with severe Tourette syndrome and identified three key changes: altered gene activity, regulatory element modifications, and interneuron loss. These findings provide unprecedented insights into the disorder's biology and may explain why individuals experience involuntary movements and ...
Chromatin remodeling captured in comprehensive structural study
Researchers used cryo-electron microscopy to visualize the dynamic motion of a human chromatin remodeler in action, capturing 13 distinct structures that reveal the full picture of nucleosome sliding. This comprehensive view sheds light on how chromatin remodeling affects gene access and expression.
Genetic defense breakthrough: plants repurpose stomatal genes to fend off herbivores
Researchers discovered that cruciferous plants like cabbage and wasabi repurpose stomatal genes for defense, producing pungent compounds that deter herbivores. FAMA regulates both gas exchange and myrosin cell production, a key trigger for this defense mechanism.
Small molecules, big role: snoRNAs in gene regulation
Researchers at ELTE have created an online database of snoRNAs in zebrafish, revealing 67 previously unknown snoRNAs and providing a comprehensive analysis of their expression during development and in adult tissues. The findings may help create better zebrafish disease models and aid understanding of complex human diseases.
Crosstalk among aging, circadian rhythms, and cancers
Research highlights the interconnected relationship between aging, circadian rhythms, and cancer, with shared mechanisms including genomic instability, cellular senescence, and chronic inflammation. Modulating circadian rhythms may serve as a novel strategy to intervene in age-related functional decline and treat cancer.
Researchers identify a gene to guide novel therapeutics of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases
The study highlights the significant protective role of Asah1 in preventing NAFLD progression by regulating hepatic lipid homeostasis and cellular maintenance processes. The findings suggest that targeting Asah1 expression or activity may inform new therapeutic strategies for improving patient outcomes.
Rice’s Gustavsson receives NSF CAREER Award to investigate dynamics of gene regulation
Gustavsson's five-year grant aims to develop innovative tools for visualizing and analyzing DNA organization and interactions in real-time. Her project seeks to uncover the relationship between DNA structure and gene activity, with potential applications in treating diseases linked to gene regulation disruptions.
Why don’t pandas eat more meat? Molecules found in bamboo may be behind their plant-based diet
Studies found that plant-derived miRNA can enter giant pandas' bloodstream and regulate gene expression, aiding adaptation to a bamboo-based diet. These tiny molecules may also influence taste and smell, enabling pandas to pick out nutritious bamboo.
New scientific method developed at Tel Aviv University: Could revolutionize understanding of the gene PTEN, which is associated with cancer and autism
Researchers at Tel Aviv University have developed a novel method to measure PTEN gene activity, which is associated with cancer and autism. This breakthrough may lead to personalized therapeutics and earlier disease detection.
A new view on 300 million years of brain evolution
Researchers used deep learning models to compare gene regulation in different cell types of human and chicken brains, shedding new light on brain evolution and providing tools for studying gene regulation. The study found that while some cell types are highly conserved between birds and mammals, others have evolved differently.
Uncovering novel transcriptional enhancers in neuronal development and neuropsychiatric disorders
Researchers discovered 47,350 active putative enhancers associated with Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and other neurological disorders. These enhancers were found to regulate gene expression during neuronal differentiation.
Super enzyme that regulates testosterone levels in males discovered in ‘crazy’ bird species
Researchers at Simon Fraser University and the Max Planck Institute have identified a single gene controlling testosterone levels in three male morphs of shore birds, also applicable to vertebrates including humans. This super enzyme (HSD17B2) rapidly breaks down testosterone, producing diverse mating behaviors.
What's behind preterm birth? Scientists just found a big clue
UCSF researchers identify a molecular timer controlling mouse birth timing, which could lead to new tests for human preterm labor risk and interventions. DNA packaging during pregnancy plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression, with KDM6B working as a 'timer' that winds down over time.
Novel molecular insights into bone remodeling
Researchers identify Fam102a as a key regulator of both osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation, leading to enhanced osteoblast formation and bone volume. The study reveals significant protein-protein interactions involving Fam102a and Kpna2, shedding light on the critical molecular interactions involved in bone remodeling.
Mapping gene regulation
Researchers comprehensively analyzed cis-regulatory elements to understand how they control cell-specific gene expression. The study reveals fundamental differences in enhancer and promoter function, highlighting the importance of machine learning models like MPRALegNet for predicting regulatory activity.
Structural cell protein also directly regulates gene transcription
A Cornell University team has made a groundbreaking finding in apple cells, demonstrating that a structural cell protein directly influences DNA transcription into RNA. This breakthrough has significant implications for understanding gene expression in all nucleus-containing cells, including humans.
KAIST develops foundational technology to revert cancer cells to normal cells
Researchers at KAIST have developed a technology that can treat colon cancer by converting cancer cells into normal-like cells. The breakthrough involves creating a digital twin of the gene network associated with normal cell differentiation, leading to significant promise for reversible cancer therapies.
Programming cells: Revolutionizing genetic circuits with cutting-edge RNA tools
The team developed a Synthetic Translational Coupling Element (SynTCE) that enhances the precision and integration density of genetic circuits in synthetic biology. This allows for more efficient gene circuit integration, minimizing interference between biological parts and enabling precise control over multiple genes.
Uncovering key molecular factors behind malaria’s deadliest strain
A UC Riverside-led team, funded by the NIH, aims to uncover molecular factors governing gene regulation and chromatin organization in P. falciparum. The project focuses on long non-coding RNAs, which play a crucial role in regulating gene expression and influencing disease progression.