Articles tagged with Gene Regulation
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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A two-step approach to gene expression creates more resilient producers of nanostructures for advanced sensing and therapeutics. This new genetic regulatory system ensures host cells remain healthy while producing functional nanostructures.
A recent study published in PNAS reveals a novel non-coding RNA molecule, CUL1-IPA, that regulates key cellular functions and supports the structural integrity of the nucleolus. The discovery suggests this molecule may influence patient survival in certain blood cancers.
A two-step genome editing method integrates large human genomic fragments into mice, mimicking human regulatory landscapes. This platform enables the creation of physiologically relevant humanized models for therapeutic targets and disease research.
Researchers have created a comprehensive map of the DNA sequences that control gene expression in human cells, identifying 2.37 million potential regulatory elements. This registry reveals previously unrecognized classes of elements and illuminates how noncoding genetic variation contributes to cell type-specific traits.
Researchers have decoded the logic of microRNA strand selection using AI, revealing a conserved and programmable mechanism governing gene regulation. The study found that this decision follows conserved rules rather than chance, with mammalian microRNAs showing a strong bias towards a single dominant strand.
Researchers from The University of Osaka discovered that loss of heterochromatin can trigger genetic changes leading to chromosomal rearrangements and diseases like cancer. Accumulation of R-loops at pericentromeric repeats was found to be a key mechanism in this process.
Researchers discovered genes that regulate fibroblast growth, which builds the scaffolding between cells. Adjusting these factors reversed age-related changes and improved health outcomes in mice. The study offers new opportunities to understand and reverse aging-related diseases.
Researchers developed RNACOREX, a new open-source software tool that identifies gene regulation networks in cancer. The tool analyzes thousands of molecules simultaneously to detect key interactions, providing an interpretable molecular map that improves understanding of tumors.
Researchers develop comprehensive method to connect diseases with underlying genetic machinery, revealing intricate gene networks that influence complex traits. The new technique provides actionable insights into how specific genes affect cell functions, shedding light on biological mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.
Dr. Eric J. Nestler's research has fundamentally reshaped global understanding of addiction and depression by focusing on resilience rather than pathology. His laboratory identified distinct molecular, cellular, and circuit changes in resilient brains that maintain normal behavioral function despite exposure to drugs or stress.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes and UCSF have identified the genetic switches that regulate FOXP3 levels in human and mouse cells. In humans, multiple enhancers work together to keep FOXP3 active, while a repressor keeps it off in conventional T cells. This discovery has important implications for developing immune therapies.
Long-term exposure to fine air pollutants like PM2.5 can impair metabolic health by disrupting the normal function of brown fat through complex epigenetic changes. The study identified two enzymes, HDAC9 and KDM2B, as key drivers of this process.
The NF-κB signaling pathway plays a key role in regulating immune responses, inflammation, cell development, and proliferation. Research into its functions and mechanisms continues to uncover new breakthroughs in immunology and life sciences.
Scientists discovered a unique process by which ants select a single odorant receptor from hundreds of genes, using transcriptional interference to silence downstream neighbors. This mechanism has broad implications for the study of gene regulation and sensory systems in insects.
Researchers reprogrammed the epigenetic code to affect tumour growth and survival in multiple myeloma. This study presents a comprehensive map of epigenetic alterations in multiple myeloma, highlighting site-specific increases in DNA and protein methylation that control gene activity.
Researchers have developed a method to discover how DNA controls genes, revealing the genetic 'switches' that regulate important genes. The TESLA-seq technique identifies regulatory regions more quickly and accurately than existing methods, linking them to over 70 genes in a specific region.
Researchers discover how heme bound proteins catalyze hydrogen sulfide signaling in bacteria, leading to stress tolerance and antibiotic resistance. Disrupting this mechanism could inspire new antibiotic strategies against drug-resistant infections.
Researchers at Wyss Institute develop in vitro method to induce meiosis in human cells, enabling replication of critical step in egg and sperm cell development. The breakthrough could lead to modeling defects and creating healthy gametes for individuals with infertility.
Scientists have discovered that MYOD protein can act as a gene silencer, clearing out old 'furniture' to reset the cell's identity. This finding challenges dogma and opens up new avenues for understanding cellular reprogramming and regenerative medicine therapies.
A new method called DynaTag has been developed for mapping protein binding to DNA, providing high-resolution results. This innovation enables the analysis of single cells across various tissues and enhances understanding of developmental biological processes and disease mechanisms.
A new approach for understanding chromatin's 3D structure and its influence on gene regulation has been developed by scientists at Sanford Burnham Prebys. The method measures a genomic region's proximity to the isolated center of a chromatin clump, revealing that surface regions are more active than core regions.
Researchers found that inhibitory neurons born later in brain development mature faster than those produced earlier, ensuring a balanced neural network. This regulation is controlled by genetic mechanisms and may contribute to developmental disorders.
The foundation recognizes five early-career scientists who apply computational methods to cancer research, with a focus on developing new protein designs and understanding chromatin modifications. Their work aims to improve treatment strategies and precision oncology for various cancers.
Scientists have identified a brain molecule called NEAT1 that appears to play a central role in triggering light sensitivity (photophobia) during migraines. By disrupting the normal balance of nerve signaling and pain regulation, NEAT1 makes nerves more sensitive to light.
Researchers developed a new computational method, KMAP, to explore DNA sequence patterns and reveal regulatory element behavior. The study found an uncharacterized DNA motif linked to cancer biology and identified distinct repair pathways for CRISPR-Cas9 editing.
Researchers uncover pivotal role of ZmCCT2 in regulating maize mesocotyl length and adapting to high altitudes. Significant associations between genetic variations and mesocotyl lengths were found, highlighting the essential function of ZmCCT2 in promoting cell elongation.
The study reveals that centromeric R-loops play a critical role in ensuring chromosome alignment during oocyte meiotic divisions. Disruption of R-loop homeostasis leads to spindle assembly defects and chromosomal misalignment, highlighting the importance of R-loops in maintaining genomic stability.
Two previously unknown ribosome-arresting peptides (RAPs), PepNL and NanCL, were identified in E. coli, inducing translation arrest through a unique mini-hairpin conformation in the exit tunnel of the ribosome. This discovery provides valuable insights into deciphering the hidden genetic codes within polypeptide sequences.
Researchers have identified new candidate genes that could be responsible for congenital deafness, a condition affecting around one in 1,000 babies born in the UK. The study suggests that understanding these gene mutations may hold the key to devising effective treatments.
Researchers have found that a specific protein modification to the immune protein MDA5 can block viral replication and reduce heart inflammation. The study's findings could lead to the development of broad-spectrum antiviral treatments that target multiple viruses.
Researchers used genetic data and computational tools to identify genetic variants associated with asthma, finding differences between childhood- and adult-onset forms of the disease. The study provides insights into potential treatment targets for both types of asthma.
A novel brain study uncovers the critical role of the HDAC5 enzyme in regulating gene expression and neuronal activity, which can trigger relapse in individuals with substance use disorders. The study highlights a new molecular target for developing novel treatments to reduce relapse risk.
The study reveals new insights into the 'language' of gene expression, identifying key motifs that influence human development and disease risk. By analyzing 58,000 pairs of transcription factors, researchers estimated they identified between 18 and 47% of all human transcription factor pair motifs.
A comprehensive atlas of gene activity in chickens has been created, revealing how millions of genetic variants affect gene regulation and giving researchers tools to understand agriculturally important traits. This knowledge could lead to healthier flocks, more resilient farming systems, and fewer economic losses for poultry producers.
Researchers analyzed brain tissue from individuals with severe Tourette syndrome and identified three key changes: altered gene activity, regulatory element modifications, and interneuron loss. These findings provide unprecedented insights into the disorder's biology and may explain why individuals experience involuntary movements and ...
Researchers used cryo-electron microscopy to visualize the dynamic motion of a human chromatin remodeler in action, capturing 13 distinct structures that reveal the full picture of nucleosome sliding. This comprehensive view sheds light on how chromatin remodeling affects gene access and expression.
Researchers discovered that cruciferous plants like cabbage and wasabi repurpose stomatal genes for defense, producing pungent compounds that deter herbivores. FAMA regulates both gas exchange and myrosin cell production, a key trigger for this defense mechanism.
Researchers at ELTE have created an online database of snoRNAs in zebrafish, revealing 67 previously unknown snoRNAs and providing a comprehensive analysis of their expression during development and in adult tissues. The findings may help create better zebrafish disease models and aid understanding of complex human diseases.
Research highlights the interconnected relationship between aging, circadian rhythms, and cancer, with shared mechanisms including genomic instability, cellular senescence, and chronic inflammation. Modulating circadian rhythms may serve as a novel strategy to intervene in age-related functional decline and treat cancer.
The study highlights the significant protective role of Asah1 in preventing NAFLD progression by regulating hepatic lipid homeostasis and cellular maintenance processes. The findings suggest that targeting Asah1 expression or activity may inform new therapeutic strategies for improving patient outcomes.
Gustavsson's five-year grant aims to develop innovative tools for visualizing and analyzing DNA organization and interactions in real-time. Her project seeks to uncover the relationship between DNA structure and gene activity, with potential applications in treating diseases linked to gene regulation disruptions.
Studies found that plant-derived miRNA can enter giant pandas' bloodstream and regulate gene expression, aiding adaptation to a bamboo-based diet. These tiny molecules may also influence taste and smell, enabling pandas to pick out nutritious bamboo.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University have developed a novel method to measure PTEN gene activity, which is associated with cancer and autism. This breakthrough may lead to personalized therapeutics and earlier disease detection.
Researchers discovered 47,350 active putative enhancers associated with Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and other neurological disorders. These enhancers were found to regulate gene expression during neuronal differentiation.
Researchers used deep learning models to compare gene regulation in different cell types of human and chicken brains, shedding new light on brain evolution and providing tools for studying gene regulation. The study found that while some cell types are highly conserved between birds and mammals, others have evolved differently.
Researchers at Simon Fraser University and the Max Planck Institute have identified a single gene controlling testosterone levels in three male morphs of shore birds, also applicable to vertebrates including humans. This super enzyme (HSD17B2) rapidly breaks down testosterone, producing diverse mating behaviors.
Researchers identify Fam102a as a key regulator of both osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation, leading to enhanced osteoblast formation and bone volume. The study reveals significant protein-protein interactions involving Fam102a and Kpna2, shedding light on the critical molecular interactions involved in bone remodeling.
UCSF researchers identify a molecular timer controlling mouse birth timing, which could lead to new tests for human preterm labor risk and interventions. DNA packaging during pregnancy plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression, with KDM6B working as a 'timer' that winds down over time.
Researchers comprehensively analyzed cis-regulatory elements to understand how they control cell-specific gene expression. The study reveals fundamental differences in enhancer and promoter function, highlighting the importance of machine learning models like MPRALegNet for predicting regulatory activity.
A Cornell University team has made a groundbreaking finding in apple cells, demonstrating that a structural cell protein directly influences DNA transcription into RNA. This breakthrough has significant implications for understanding gene expression in all nucleus-containing cells, including humans.
Researchers at KAIST have developed a technology that can treat colon cancer by converting cancer cells into normal-like cells. The breakthrough involves creating a digital twin of the gene network associated with normal cell differentiation, leading to significant promise for reversible cancer therapies.
A UC Riverside-led team, funded by the NIH, aims to uncover molecular factors governing gene regulation and chromatin organization in P. falciparum. The project focuses on long non-coding RNAs, which play a crucial role in regulating gene expression and influencing disease progression.
The team developed a Synthetic Translational Coupling Element (SynTCE) that enhances the precision and integration density of genetic circuits in synthetic biology. This allows for more efficient gene circuit integration, minimizing interference between biological parts and enabling precise control over multiple genes.
Kobe University researchers discovered three gene regulation design principles to improve yeast promoter performance, reducing leakiness and increasing productivity. The study's findings have potential applications in hospitals and can be used to produce multiple biologics with a single yeast strain.
A new study reveals how transcription factors navigate DNA and chromatin structures to determine cellular identity. Researchers discovered novel DNA elements as genomic signposts guiding TFs to specific genetic switches.
Researchers investigate how perturbed gene expression contributes to neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's. Alternative polyadenylation, a mechanism regulating protein production, is being studied for its potential role in the disease.
A team of experts has discovered that the ARID1A gene regulates a critical genetic program for cell migration, with ZIC2 identified as a crucial regulator in this process. This study expands our understanding of craniofacial development and provides valuable insights into the genetic causes of congenital diseases.
Ana Pombo, a biochemist at the Max Delbruck Center, has been awarded the prestigious Leibniz Prize for her pioneering research on the three-dimensional structure of genomes. Her work aims to understand how environmental factors influence gene regulation and diseases like autism or epilepsy.
A study by Tulane University researchers found that tumors in female fruit flies grew 2.5 times larger than those in male fruit flies due to sex-based differences in immune response. The stronger innate immune response in females accelerated tumor growth.
Gene expression in cells occurs in short, unpredictable bursts due to transcriptional bursting. Researchers found that the folding and movement of DNA, as well as protein accumulation, changes depending on gene activity, with enhancers playing a crucial role in amplifying gene activity.