Articles tagged with Neurons
Researchers developed an optical brain-to-brain interface that supports fast and accurate information transmission for locomotion control. The interface uses fiber photometry to record population Ca2+ signals from identified neurons, achieving a three-fold increase in information transfer rates compared to previous BtBIs.
Researchers at TU Wien and Stanford University have created tiny neuronal networks by printing 3D cages with microscale openings using two-photon polymerization and acoustic bioprinting. This allows for the growth of multicellular nerve tissue and the creation of connections between neurons, enabling targeted study of neural networks.
A group of neurons in the ventrolateral subdivision of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus sense fluctuations in blood sugar levels and respond by rapidly decreasing or increasing their firing activities. This response can trigger changes in behavior to increase glucose levels, forming a feedback system that keeps blood glucose balance.
Researchers are teaming up to understand why critical nerve cells continue to die after spinal cord injuries and aim to develop more effective treatments by enhancing or limiting the immune response. They'll use a new probe developed by one scientist to track dead cells as they're swallowed up by immune cells.
A subset of retinal neurons sends inhibitory signals to the brain, affecting subconscious behaviors such as synchronizing circadian rhythms with light/dark cycles. This discovery sheds light on how eyes influence our behavior and vision in response to light intensity.
A new, implant-free optogenetics technique successfully manipulated neuron activity in mice and monkeys without causing brain damage. The SOUL protein allowed for light-induced alterations in neuronal responses throughout the entire mouse brain and superficial regions of the macaque brain.
Researchers discovered that bacterial cells stimulated with light remembered exposure hours later, laying groundwork for memory-capable biological systems. The study reveals surprising similarities between low-level bacteria and complex neuronal processing.
Lis1 activation mechanism found to prevent dynein's self-inhibition, enabling motor protein function. This discovery may provide insights into neurological diseases like lissencephaly and guide therapeutic interventions.
A study published in eNeuro found that gut microbes significantly impact the brain's response to opioids in rats, altering the pattern of neuron recruitment during addiction and withdrawal. This discovery may lead to new prevention and treatment strategies for drug abuse.
A team of researchers has restored sensation to a paralyzed man's hand using a brain-computer interface (BCI) system, enabling him to detect objects by touch and experience enhanced control. The BCI system enhances neural signals that are too small for conscious perception, resulting in greatly improved motor function.
Researchers discovered that nociceptin neurons in the hypothalamus of mice promote consumption of high-fat food. Removing these neurons from the brain eliminated overeating in mice.
Researchers will investigate the role of interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor 1 (nIL-1R1) in neuroinflammation-induced dysfunction and behavioral changes. The study aims to identify vulnerable neurons and elucidate cellular pathways underlying psychopathology.
Researchers discovered that PHIP protein resides at the leading edge of GBM cells, enabling other adhesion proteins to deepen the grip of cancerous cells on healthy brain tissue. Suppressing PHIP helped inactivate proteins that form the machinery for tumor cell movement, driving aggressive behavior.
Scientists identified a mutation in the ACOX1 gene as the cause of Mitchell disease, a rare neurodegenerative disorder. The discovery was made using a combination of human genetics and fruit fly studies, which revealed a previously unknown role for peroxisomes in glial cells.
Researchers have developed a novel high-speed microscope to capture millisecond electrical signals in neurons, enabling the study of complex brain-wide interactions. The technique uses FACED technology to create a super-fast sweeping laser beam and detects voltage signals using engineered proteins.
A new UCLA study has identified a key gene, reprimo, which regulates body temperature and may contribute to menopause-related weight gain. The research suggests that manipulating this gene could provide a safer alternative to hormone replacement therapy for alleviating symptoms.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin developed a method to make big data processing more energy efficient using magnetic components. By leveraging lateral inhibition in artificial neurons, they achieved an energy reduction of 20-30 times compared to standard back-propagation algorithms.
Researchers at the University of Virginia Health System have made a groundbreaking discovery suggesting that improper cellular cleanup during brain development may cause lifelong behavioral issues. This process, mediated by the AIM2 inflammasome, plays a critical role in ensuring proper brain assembly and function.
Using reprogrammed human skin cells, researchers successfully restored mobility and sensation in stroke-afflicted rats by transplanting them into their brains. The study showed that the transplanted cells formed connections correctly, repairing damaged nerve circuits.
Researchers at NIH defined a critical window for visual event detection in mice, revealing the superior colliculus plays a crucial role. Inhibiting this region impaired event perception and made mice more susceptible to distracting visuals.
A new therapy targeting Gaucher disease has been discovered using nanovesicles, which can selectively target brain tissue and deliver enzyme replacement therapy without harming healthy cells. This approach shows promise in treating other neurologic conditions like Parkinson's disease.
Gliomas alter astrocyte function, preventing the brain from removing excess excitatory chemicals, which can lead to seizures. The study found that scar-forming astrocytes surrounding tumors play a crucial role in this process.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have discovered a potential treatment approach for concussions by cooling brain cells to an optimal temperature. The study found that cooling cells to 33 degrees Celsius provided the most protective benefit after 24 and 48 hours post-injury.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute describe different emotional facial expressions in mice, linking them to specific brain regions and emotions. The discovery enables the investigation of emotional mechanisms and their relationship with neuronal activity.
Researchers argue that psychedelic drugs can have therapeutic benefits for mental health conditions. Brain imaging has shown that psychedelics activate specific receptors in the brain, leading to long-term changes in brain functioning and anatomy.
A study published in Nature reveals that the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) plays a key role in the spread of pathological tau proteins between neurons. By inhibiting LRP1 expression, researchers were able to reduce tau spread in mice, offering new hope for potential treatments.
Researchers found that autophagy is dispensable for neuron survival but regulates axonal transport of molecules crucial for learning and memory. The study suggests that modulating autophagy activity may improve cognitive abilities by altering intracellular transportation systems.
A recent NIH study has identified a genetic mutation that improves cognitive flexibility in mice by modifying a protein regulating potassium channels. The mutation was found to enhance the ability of mice to adapt to changing situations, such as finding a relocated platform.
Researchers have discovered that dental pulp stem cells promote neuronal growth in tissue regeneration and cancer progression, while also recruiting facial neurons. The findings open up new paths towards effective therapies against cancer using drugs that modify the communication between neurons and cancer stem cells.
Researchers from the University of Tsukuba identify brainstem neurotensinergic neurons as crucial for regulating non-REM (NREM) sleep. The study found that these neurons promote NREM sleep by producing the neuropeptide neurotensin, which also plays a role in pain and metabolism.
Researchers developed a method to engineer specific populations of neurons to manufacture electronic-tissue composites within living cells. This approach enables targeted use of electrical fields for therapeutic applications, such as pain relief and tissue regeneration.
Researchers have imaged the 'ball-and-chain' mechanism of ion channels using cryo-electron microscopy, providing new insights into their regulation. This discovery has significant implications for designing targeted therapies for disorders such as epilepsies and heart arrhythmias.
A scorpion venom-derived drug has shown promise in treating fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) by reversing motor skill deficits. The study found that administering the drug at 30 days of life improved large- and small-muscle motor skills, suggesting potential treatment for children with FASD.
Research from the University of Cambridge found a link between inflammation and protein build-up in various types of dementia. The study suggests that neuroinflammation is a common factor across different neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease.
Researchers discovered a new neurodegenerative disorder, Mitchell disease, caused by hyperactive ACOX1 enzyme. A study in fruit flies identified therapeutic strategies to reverse damages specific to each condition.
A signaling pathway that helps prevent protein aggregates in brain cells is also required for sleep in fruit flies and zebrafish, suggesting its presence in humans. The study found that suppressing this mechanism led to reduced sleep duration, while overproducing it caused increased sleepiness.
Researchers found that inhibiting apoptosis in fruit fly neurons led to the development of 'zombie' cells that formed new olfactory neuron networks with distinct properties. These neurons expressed different receptors, including those for carbon dioxide detection, giving the flies enhanced odor perception.
Researchers found that propionic acid reduced relapse rates and disability progression in MS patients, with initial MRI studies suggesting reduced brain atrophy. The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in immune regulation, and altering its composition may lead to innovative dietary measures to complement existing therapies.
Researchers analyzed brain cell firing patterns while patients learned word pairs, discovering unique sequences associated with learning and a similar replay pattern before successful recall. The study suggests that brains use distinct neural firing patterns to store memories and then replay them when recalling past experiences.
An international team of scientists has launched a comprehensive overview of all proteins expressed in the human brain, published in Science. The Brain Atlas resource offers medical researchers an unprecedented resource to deepen their understanding of neurobiology.
A study published in PNAS reveals that neurobiological changes associated with aging can be seen at a younger age and may be prevented or reversed through dietary changes. Researchers found that consuming ketones, as opposed to glucose, stabilized brain networks and increased overall brain activity.
A new preclinical study reveals how liraglutide, an FDA-approved obesity drug, interacts with the brain's 'energy balance' system to reduce hunger and promote weight loss. The study identified a distinct group of neurons in the brainstem that play a key role in mediating these effects.
A study identified dozens of new mutations in the DDX3X gene, critical for brain development, and found that half caused loss of function while others disrupted its normal functioning. The research provides insight into how the gene functions normally and may lead to potential therapies.
A new study published in Cell Reports reveals that astrocytes in the brain change form after a balanced meal, triggering the feeling of satiety. The study found that this plasticity could be altered for obese subjects, potentially leading to new treatments for weight management.
Researchers found that brain cells generate a 'new song' with the same beat for each breath, adapting to changing rhythms throughout the day. The discovery could lead to new approaches to treating breathing disorders and may even help combat opioid-related deaths.
Researchers used gene-editing tools to introduce the Parkinson's mutation into marmoset monkey stem cells, creating a primate model for studying disease progression and testing therapies. The edited cells exhibited characteristics of Parkinson's, such as abnormal cellular chemistry and reduced connections with neighboring neurons.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have identified vimentin as a crucial component in the protein-management system of neural stem cells. The study found that vimentin brings proteasomes to clumps of damaged proteins, allowing for their efficient clearance and enabling neural stem cells to function properly.
The study found improvements in brain metabolism and self-reported cognitive function improvements in patients with multiple sclerosis. N-acetylcysteine administration increased cerebral glucose metabolism and enabled neurons to recover some of their metabolic function.
A research team led by Dr. Segrey Kasparov has identified a new signaling system in the brain that regulates blood flow, or perfusion, and improves brain function. This discovery opens up new possibilities for regulating blood pressure, particularly in cases where it occurs without an obvious reason.
Researchers applied machine learning to decompose faces into components, revealing a mixture of low- and medium-complexity cells. This discovery sheds light on how the human brain processes complex visual information related to face recognition.
The game, developed by Cambridge sociologists and stem cell scientists, aims to provide a flavor of the lives and labor behind biotechnological advances. Players must balance competing demands, grow cells, and navigate the scientific career ladder while managing relationships and reputation.
A new model of chromosome X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy in C. elegans has been identified, accelerating research on the disease and its potential pharmacological targets. The model points to glial cells as responsible for neurological damage, with oxidative stress caused by mitochondria being a major cause.
Rosa Uribe's five-year grant will support the assembly of thousands of experiments on neural crest cells to understand their behaviors and characteristics. The research aims to map out various aspects of the early formation of the enteric nervous system, a complex mesh of nerves that regulates digestion and hormone balance.
Researchers have discovered a new quality control system that allows cells to clear misfolded proteins from their surroundings. The Clusterin protein and heparan sulfate proteoglycans work together to bring misfolded proteins into cells for degradation, potentially leading to new therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative disorders like...
Researchers found that B cells migrate to multiple brain areas after a stroke, targeting regions critical for motor and cognitive recovery. The discovery could lead to new therapeutic avenues for stroke patients.
Fruit fly sleep is driven by oxidative stress, an imbalance of free radicals and antioxidants. This discovery may explain why chronic lack of sleep shortens life expectancy. By sleeping, cells may mitigate damage from accumulated oxidative stress.
A UCLA-led study found that the Foxp1 gene controls growth of the embryonic brain and is involved in timing of neuron production. The research revealed that both too much and too little Foxp1 affects neural stem cell replication and formation of specific neurons.
A team of researchers has made a significant discovery about the neural mechanisms of consciousness. By stimulating the central lateral thalamus in macaques under anesthesia, they were able to wake the animals and elicit normal waking behaviors. This breakthrough sheds light on the specific area of the brain responsible for consciousness.
Researchers have developed a wireless, battery-free device that can observe the brain at the single-neuron level, allowing for better understanding of neural interactions. The device uses light to record individual neurons, capturing changes in brightness depending on activity, and transmits information wirelessly.
Researchers defined the proteome of neural stem cell niches and compared it to other brain regions to identify key regulators for neurogenesis. The findings suggest that the unique niche environment allows neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain, and may contribute to the stiffness of neural stem cell niches.