Articles tagged with Neurons
Researchers at Dresden University Hospital have discovered a molecular signal pathway that allows stem cells and pancreatic islet cells to interpret signals in a similar manner. This finding could lead to new approaches for regenerating damaged tissue and treating metabolic diseases such as diabetes.
The Wyss Institute is leading a $21 million IARPA-funded brain mapping consortium to map neural circuits with unprecedented fidelity. The project aims to discover the brain's learning rules and synaptic circuit design, furthering neurally-derived machine learning algorithms.
Research from the Buck Institute suggests that excess iron impairs cellular recycling in Parkinson's disease, resulting in toxic oxidative stress. The study highlights the importance of maintaining a healthy balance of iron within cells to prevent neurodegeneration.
Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have identified a novel regulatory mechanism governing levels of calcium inside cells. The discovery may help scientists understand and target molecular components regulating calcium flux in various diseases.
New research reveals that neurons in the gut play a crucial role in regulating inflammation and protecting intestinal tissue from over-reacting. The study, published in Cell, found that specific types of macrophages are activated by signals from neurons to prevent excessive inflammation.
Researchers at Harvard are using a $28 million grant to study the brain's visual cortex in unprecedented detail and map its connections. The goal is to inspire better computer algorithms for learning and pattern recognition, enabling computers to outperform humans in recognizing patterns from limited data inputs.
Researchers at Columbia University's Zuckerman Institute have created a safer strain of rabies virus that can map brain activity in real-time, allowing for a more complete understanding of brain cellular circuits. This innovation has far-reaching applications for brain research and disease treatment.
A $4 million NSF grant will fund research at MUSC and UAB to map changes in blood flow when specific neurons fire. This could lead to new treatments for neurological diseases by understanding the mechanisms of neurovascular communication.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have discovered that cocaine triggers autophagy, a process that causes brain cells to digest themselves. A compound called CGP3466B has been shown to prevent this damage in mouse nerve cells.
A gene linked to mental disorders helps lay the foundation for a crucial brain structure during prenatal development. Mutations in this gene can lead to severe depletion of neurons in the cortex, compromising its ability to communicate with other brain areas.
Researchers have discovered significant differences in the number of neurons in nematode ventral cords across various species, suggesting that neuron number and anatomy may have evolved multiple times. This variation could lead to the development of more targeted nematicides to control plant-parasitic nematodes.
Using optogenetics and other technology, researchers have for the first time precisely manipulated this bursting activity of the thalamus, tying it to the sense of touch. The work reveals that cells in the thalamus detect potential threats and quickly focus on life-or-death decisions before switching to detailed analytical processing.
Researchers at VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington find chronic changes in neuron activity in specific brain regions with repeated blasts. Chronic brain damage can lead to emotional difficulties such as mood problems, irritability, and impulsivity in veterans.
Neural clocks have been found to exist and can be used to predict timing behavior in rats. Researchers identified a mechanism in the Striatum brain region where populations of neurons create sequences of activity that encode time.
Neuroscientists have identified a 'predictive neuron orchestra' in the brain that anticipates body movements, such as eyeing and reaching. This orchestration among distinct brain regions enhances decision-making process understanding, potentially shedding light on impaired dynamics in mental illnesses.
Researchers found that a type of lung cell acts like a sensor, linking the lungs and nervous system to regulate immune responses. This discovery may lead to new treatments for pulmonary diseases such as asthma and cystic fibrosis.
Researchers at Duke University found that delayed neural stem cells can cause premature differentiation into neurons and increased cell death, leading to smaller brain development. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms of microcephaly and its potential links to other neurodevelopmental disorders.
A study by Stanford University researchers discovered that activity in two brain regions - the anterior insula and nucleus accumbens - affects an individual's likelihood of taking risks in financial matters. Those with a stronger connection between these regions tend to be more cautious in their gambling decisions.
Researchers have discovered that the DNA-binding protein Foxd3 acts as a genetic traffic signal, holding stem cells in readiness for transformation during early embryonic development. This discovery sheds light on how development works and has important implications for understanding developmental and adult diseases.
Researchers found that alpha-synuclein spreading in Parkinson's disease is triggered by enhanced expression and trans-neuronal passage of monomeric and oligomeric forms, rather than prion-like seeding. This new insight sheds light on the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
A new experimental paradigm aims to investigate the neural mechanism behind human imagination by synchronizing groups of neurons, known as neuronal ensembles. By combining familiar images or concepts, the brain triggers increased firing rates and synchronization of activities in object-specific neurons.
Scientists recorded 3-D footage of neural activity in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, a worm species with a nervous system containing just 302 neurons. The study revealed surprising correlations between neural activity and behavior, including turning movements.
A research team has generated comprehensive 3D maps of the mouse genome's spatial organization, showing how genes are regulated and interact. The findings could help track down genes involved in hereditary diseases, such as cancer and congenital disorders.
Scientists at Augusta University found that YAP helps control astrocyte function, regulating the protective blood-brain barrier. Without YAP, astrocytes become hyper-reactive, leading to deadly inflammation and potential hydrocephalus.
A recent study suggests targeted alpha therapy could be effective in eliminating HIV-infected cells in the central nervous system. The therapy uses a specific human antibody labelled with bismuth-213 to target and destroy infected cells while sparing healthy ones.
A study published in Nature Medicine found that enhancing proteasome activity with drugs during early stages of Alzheimer's disease may prevent dementia and reduce brain damage. Researchers identified a potential therapeutic target, rolipram, which activates the proteasome system to clear out toxic proteins.
A genetic mutation in the alpha-catenin 1 gene (CTNNA1) causes a butterfly-shaped pigment accumulation in the macula of the eye, leading to severe vision loss. The finding may have relevance to understanding macular degenerative diseases.
Researchers developed algorithms predicting seizure origin and spread based on brain data from 22 epilepsy patients. This could lead to more objective surgical targets and improved treatment outcomes.
A novel spectral confocal microscopy technique enables the visualization of silver- and gold-labeled neurons in three dimensions, providing high-resolution images that can be archived for decades. This method retains image quality even with repeated light exposure, making it ideal for studying neurological disorders and cancer.
Researchers have successfully created human stem cell-derived serotonin neurons, a breakthrough that could lead to more effective drug treatments for depression and anxiety. The cells were generated using induced pluripotent stem cells from patients' skin cells.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins University have uncovered the molecular cause of peripheral nervous system dysfunction in Down syndrome. A gene called RCAN1 appears to be overactive, hindering nerve growth and development, which may contribute to heart disease, diabetes, and immune disorders associated with the condition.
Researchers have identified 335 genes that regulate the formation and function of extracellular vesicles (EVs), tiny bubbles released by cells. EVs can promote tissue repair or carry disease signals for cancer and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. Understanding EV biology could lead to new therapeutic treatments.
Researchers found a unique communication system in one group of crickets where females produce a vibrational signal after male calls, allowing them to locate each other. The study suggests this origin might be more common than previously thought and sheds light on the evolution of acoustic communication systems.
Human astrocytes have unique genes and respond differently to neurotransmitters, particularly glutamate, suggesting improved detection of neuroactivity. The study's novel method allows researchers to compare astrocytes from healthy tissue and those affected by diseases such as glioblastoma and epilepsy.
Scientists at Rockefeller University identified a new regulator of RNA polymerase II, a critical process for gene expression. The discovery could lead to more specific cancer therapies by targeting this form of gene regulation.
Brazilian researchers have demonstrated that apigenin, a flavonoid found in parsley, thyme, chamomile, and red pepper, improves neuron formation and strengthens brain cell connections. The compound works by binding to estrogen receptors, affecting the development and function of the nervous system.
Scientists discovered a cellular mechanism that allows herpes simplex virus to reactivate in neurons, triggered by stress. The virus uses a protein pathway called JNK to escape the neuron's repressive environment and cause disease.
Researchers developed a new 3D software to track the embryonic development and movement of neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans worms. The program creates a straightened image of the worm, allowing scientists to follow individual cells as they move and grow, revealing complex neuronal structures in unprecedented 3D clarity.
Researchers found that exposure to cold temperatures alters the composition of intestinal bacteria in mice, leading to increased brown and beige fat formation and improved glucose metabolism. Transplanting these microbes into germ-free mice also triggered weight loss and improved metabolic health.
A fruit fly model of Alexander disease has been developed to study astrocyte dysfunction and its role in neurodegeneration. Nitric oxide has been identified as a critical mediator in the process.
Researchers from the University of Zurich have confirmed the existence of a concentration gradient of lactate between astrocytes and neurons in the intact mouse brain. The study provides new evidence for an exchange of lactate between different brain cells, supporting a 20-year-old hypothesis on brain energy metabolism.
Researchers at Duke University have created a technique for monitoring neurons in action with a time resolution of about 0.2 milliseconds, allowing for the first holistic view of neural activity in mammalian brains. This breakthrough enables scientists to study how brain activity translates into specific thoughts and behaviors.
Researchers have found that infertile animals appear to be protected from neurodegeneration in a study using C. elegans worms. The study, which appears online now, showed that infected worms display hallmarks of neurodegeneration similar to those seen in humans, but infertile animals resist this process.
Researchers at the University of Geneva discovered that Hydra cells can modify their genetic program by overexpressing genes involved in nervous functions. This study sheds light on cellular plasticity, a phenomenon that could influence research into regenerative medicine and neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers found that mice exercising on a wheel increased SIRT3 levels, protecting against neurodegeneration and degeneration. Bolstering mitochondrial function with gene therapy technology also offered protection against stress and age-related cognitive decline.
Scientists can now observe neurons' electrical activity in real-time using a highly sensitive molecule fused with a fluorescent protein. This breakthrough allows researchers to study brain processing in living animals, offering unprecedented insights into cell-to-cell communication.
Researchers found that human brains have a subset of cells that fire in response to inputs from both eyes, similar to those in rodents. This discovery suggests that humans have the best possible visual system, with primitive pathways allowing for quick spotting of danger and complex behaviors.
Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a genetic condition that can lead to premature cardiovascular disease due to thickening or thinning of blood vessel walls. Researchers are studying the similarities between NF1-related arterial stenosis and aneurysms to improve diagnosis and treatment.
A study found that combining bacterial protein Skp with small molecules can convert pluripotent cells into functional neurons. The research used Sox2 and Skp to initiate differentiation, followed by the use of neurodazine to direct lineage-specific commitment.
Researchers at the Institute of Molecular Biology in Mainz have identified a key gene that drives brain cell development, revealing a complex regulatory mechanism. The discovery has significant implications for understanding neurodegenerative disorders and developing new treatments.
Researchers at the US Naval Research Laboratory have developed luminescent nanoparticles to image brain function, enabling real-time mapping of neural connections. The nanoparticles, specifically quantum dots, can track action potential changes with high fidelity and are ideal for interfacing with neurons.
Researchers discovered that the protein APP forms spherical structures in the nucleus, affecting gene activity and neurotransmitter modulation. This finding may lead to new therapies for Alzheimer's disease by inhibiting neurotransmitter activity.
Researchers identified two chemical scents in female mouse urine that arouse sexual behavior in males, providing insight into mouse pheromones controlling behavior. The chemicals, waste products of steroid metabolism, were found to mimic the increased interest shown by males towards female urine.
Researchers at Northwestern University have developed a microfluidic device to sort neural stem cell populations, making them easier to study. The device uses inertial forces to isolate single stem cells, reducing stress on the cells and preserving their multipotency.
Researchers propose a working definition of curiosity as a drive state for information, which can be observed in organisms as simple as nematode worms. They also discuss the benefits and drawbacks of curiosity, including its role in learning and decision-making, and how it relates to attentional disorders.
A team of international neuroscientists and engineers has been awarded a $5 million grant to unravel the mysteries of the brain and develop new technologies for better healthcare. The project aims to stimulate and sense brain activity at the single-neuron level, reconstructing neural circuits with computer simulations.
Researchers have created genetically encoded magnetic protein nanoparticles that can be produced within cells, allowing for non-invasive tracking and monitoring of cell signals. This technology has the potential to observe communication between neurons, activation of immune cells, and stem cell differentiation, among other phenomena.
Researchers discovered a new way in which ALS kills nerve cells by disrupting protein synthesis, highlighting the importance of RNA-binding proteins in disease progression. The study provides a potential key to treating both ALS and dementia.
Researchers have found that transplanted human umbilical cord blood cells migrate to brain tissue and remain active for up to 30 days, without promoting tumor growth. The study suggests that these cells may confer therapeutic effects through modulation of the inflammatory response associated with Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers have developed a novel cell transplantation delivery method using magnetic fields to guide human neural progenitor cells to injured brain areas. The iron-oxide nanoparticles help retain transplanted cells at the injury site, enhancing their viability and differentiation.