Molecular zip code draws killer T cells straight to brain tumors
Scientists have created a living cell therapy that can navigate to specific organs using a
Brain Tissue
Articles tagged with Brain Tissue
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Study reveals lasting effects of common herbicide on brain health
A new study reveals that glyphosate exposure in mice can cause lasting brain inflammation and accelerate Alzheimer's disease-like pathology, even after a significant pause from exposure. The herbicide's byproducts have been found to accumulate in brain tissue, raising serious concerns about its safety for human populations.
Brain test shows that crabs process pain
Researchers at the University of Gothenburg have conducted a groundbreaking study on shore crabs, revealing that they possess pain receptors and neural reactions in response to painful stimuli. The findings provide conclusive evidence for the existence of pain in crustaceans, highlighting the need for more humane treatment methods.
Brain shrinkage associated with Alzheimer’s therapies shows effectiveness rather than harm
Researchers at UCL found that excess brain volume loss with amyloid-targeting immunotherapies is associated with therapy effectiveness, not harm. The 'amyloid-removal-related pseudo-atrophy' or ARPA phenomenon suggests that removal of amyloid plaques may be the cause of observed brain changes.
Immunomodulatory nanoparticles prevent secondary damage after traumatic brain injury
Researchers found that intravenous administration of immunomodulatory nanoparticles after TBI can limit inflammatory cell infiltration and reduce behavioral decline and lesion size. The treatment was shown to be safe without noticeable toxicity in mice.
New method reveals DNA methylation in ancient tissues, unlocking secrets of human evolution
A novel method has been developed to infer DNA methylation patterns in non-skeletal tissues from ancient specimens, providing new insights into human evolution. The study found over 1,850 sites of differential methylation specifically in prefrontal cortex neurons, linked to genes crucial for brain development.
Seeing memories form
Researchers studied mossy fiber synapses in the hippocampus, a crucial region for memory formation and spatial navigation. They discovered that specific proteins play key roles in encoding and processing distinguishing features to trigger memory retrieval.
We could soon use AI to detect brain tumors
Researchers have trained AI models to distinguish brain tumors from healthy tissue using convolutional neural networks and transfer learning. The models achieved an average accuracy of 85.99% at detecting brain cancer, with the ability to generate images showing specific areas in its tumor-positive or negative classification.
Cocoa or green tea could protect you from the negative effects of fatty foods during mental stress - study
Researchers found that a high-flavanol cocoa drink can protect the body's vasculature against stress even after eating high-fat food. Flavanols in green tea and other foods also showed benefits for cardiovascular health.
How optogenetics can put the brakes on epilepsy seizures
Scientists have successfully used optogenetics to control seizure activity in living human brain tissue, opening doors to new treatments for epilepsy and other neurological diseases. By switching off specific neurons with light pulses, researchers can prevent seizures from occurring, providing a less invasive alternative to surgery.
Age on the molecular level: showing changes through proteins
Researchers have created a comprehensive database of protein changes in mice tissues due to aging, providing new insights into age-related diseases. The study reveals proteins that increase with age and improve understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying aging.
This nifty AI tool helps neurosurgeons find sneaky cancer cells
Researchers developed a new AI-powered diagnostic system, FastGlioma, which reveals invisible cancerous tissue in brain tumor surgery. The technique may delay or prevent recurrence of high-grade tumors and improve patient survival.
Closing in on Parkinson’s Disease proteins in extracellular vesicles in the blood
Researchers have developed a new protocol to exclusively access and quantify proteins carried by extracellular vesicles in the blood. This breakthrough may lead to early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and other brain disorders, providing treatment opportunities before symptoms appear.
Study explores how traumatic brain injury (TBI) may be linked to Alzheimer’s disease
Researchers found TBI increases hyperphosphorylated tau, astro- and microgliosis, synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairments linked to developing Alzheimer’s. BAG3 overexpression ameliorates tau hyperphosphorylation, synaptic dysfunction and cognitive deficits through the enhancement of the autophagy-lysosome pathway.
The mystery of human wrinkles: what do the cells say?
A research team has successfully recreated wrinkle structures in biological tissue in vitro, revealing the mechanisms behind their formation. The study found that compressive forces and dehydration play a crucial role in wrinkle formation, mirroring aging skin effects.
Vital language sites in brain act like connectors in a social network
A new Northwestern Medicine study identifies critical language connector sites in the cerebral cortex that work together to produce language. These sites serve as connectors between subnetworks of people, serving a similar function for language in the brain.
New photoacoustic probes enable deep brain tissue imaging, with the potential to report on neuronal activity and enable better understanding of brain function
Researchers have developed novel photoacoustic probes for neuroscience applications, enabling visualization of neurons in specific brain regions. The probes use a combination of protein and synthetic dye to bind to chemicals and emit sound waves that can be detected by imaging equipment.
Spontaneous transfer of mitochondrial DNA into the nuclear genomes in the human brain over the individual’s lifespan
Researchers found Numt insertions arise spontaneously and accumulate in brain tissues during development or lifespan. These insertions are prevalent in the human brain and can be found in fibroblasts.
New microscope offers faster, high-resolution brain imaging
Researchers developed a new two-photon fluorescence microscope that captures high-speed images of neural activity at cellular resolution, providing insights into brain function and neurological diseases. The microscope uses an adaptive sampling scheme to image neurons in real time, reducing damage to brain tissue.
Study reveals ways in which 40Hz sensory stimulation may preserve brain’s ‘white matter’
A new study found that 40Hz sensory stimulation preserves myelination, protects oligodendrocytes, and sustains electrical signal transmission in the brains of mice with cuprizone-induced myelin loss. The researchers also identified molecular mechanisms underlying these benefits.
Building a molecular brain map to understand Alzheimer’s disease
Scientists successfully mapped transcriptomes from 1.3 million brain cortex cells to gain molecular insights into Alzheimer's vulnerability and resilience. The resulting atlas holds promise for gene and molecular discovery across pathways affecting brain health.
New technique could help treat aggressive brain tumors
Researchers have developed a new technique called burst sine wave electroporation (B-SWE) that can disrupt the blood-brain barrier around brain tumors without causing significant damage to healthy tissue. This method shows promise for treating aggressive brain cancers like glioblastoma, which currently have limited treatment options.
Mayo Clinic scientists define new type of memory loss in older adults
Mayo Clinic scientists have established criteria for a memory-loss syndrome in older adults that specifically impacts the brain's limbic system. The syndrome, called Limbic-predominant Amnestic Neurodegenerative Syndrome (LANS), progresses more slowly and has a better prognosis than Alzheimer's disease.
Seeing inside Alzheimer’s disease brain
Researchers have determined the structure of molecules within an Alzheimer's disease brain for the first time using cryo-electron tomography and fluorescence microscopy. This study revealed the molecular structure of tau protein and its arrangement with amyloid plaques, providing new insights into the pathology of the disease.
Mount Sinai study reveals significant differences in RNA editing between postmortem and living human brain
Researchers found major differences between postmortem and living prefrontal cortex brain tissues, with higher levels of RNA editing in postmortem tissues. These discoveries will shape the development of diagnostics and therapies for brain diseases, highlighting the need to study both living and postmortem samples.
Global consensus for sarcopenia
A new global definition of sarcopenia is proposed, aiming to unify research and clinical practice. The definition may help identify low muscle mass or strength in older people, increasing the risk of poor outcomes such as fragility and disability.
Leveraging gold nanostars for precision laser interstitial thermal therapy
Researchers have developed procedures for using gold nanostars to perform more efficient, conformal, and safe laser ablations for treating brain tumors. This technique addresses limitations in traditional LITT by providing improved precision for lesions greater than 3 cm or with complex shapes.
Technologies enable 3D imaging of whole human brain hemispheres at subcellular resolution
A suite of three innovations by MIT researchers allows for high-resolution, high-throughput imaging of human brain tissue at various scales. This technology pipeline enables scientists to analyze the human brain at multiple scales, potentially mapping entire brains.
How does oxygen depletion disrupt memory formation in the brain?
Scientists at Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology identify a positive glutamate-NO-glutamate feedback loop that blocks long-term potentiation and impairs learning and memory. The study suggests that this loop may explain memory loss in stroke patients and potentially offer a solution for treatment.
Microscope system sharpens scientists’ view of neural circuit connections
A new microscopy system called mosTF enables fast and clear imaging of the living brain, improving tracking of rapid changes in neural circuit structure. The system outperforms traditional two-photon microscopy methods by eight times speed and four-fold signal clarity.
Scientists map networks regulating gene function in the human brain
Researchers create largest and most advanced multidimensional maps of gene regulation networks in the brains of people with and without mental disorders. The study uses postmortem brain tissue from over 2,500 donors to map gene regulation networks across different stages of brain development and multiple brain-related disorders.
Groundbreaking study connects genetic risk for autism to changes observed in the brain
A UCLA Health study has unveiled the link between genetic risk of autism and observed cellular activity in the brain. Researchers analyzed post-mortem brain tissue from 66 individuals, including those with autism spectrum disorder, to identify changes in cortical cell types and transcription factor networks.
Very early blood pressure control confers both benefits and harms in acute stroke
A new study found that very early blood pressure lowering treatment can improve outcomes for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage, but worsen outcomes for those with ischemic stroke. Rapid diagnosis of the type of stroke is crucial in harnessing the benefits of this treatment.
Using MRI, engineers have found a way to detect light deep in the brain
MIT engineers create technique to image bioluminescent molecules in deep tissue with high resolution, enabling detailed studies of brain cell development and communication. The method uses engineered blood vessels that dilate in response to light, allowing researchers to pinpoint the source of light.
A fragment of human brain, mapped
A team of Harvard researchers, led by Jeff Lichtman, has created the largest synaptic-resolution, 3D reconstruction of a piece of human brain to date. The dataset contains 1,400 terabytes of data on neural connections in a tiny piece of human temporal cortex.
Association between neighborhood deprivation and DNA methylation in an autopsy cohort
Researchers found a significant association between neighborhood deprivation and DNA methylation in brain tissue, which may be linked to immune response. The study identified one CpG site (cg26514961, PLXNC1 gene) significantly associated with neighborhood deprivation after controlling for covariates.
Four state-of-the-art, artificial intelligence search engines for histopathology images may not be ready for clinical use
Research suggests that four proposed AI search engines for automating search and retrieval of digital histopathology slides have inadequate performance for routine clinical care. The algorithms showed less than 50% accuracy in some cases, highlighting the need for rigorous external validations and standardization before clinical adoption.
A flexible microdisplay can monitor brain activity in real-time during brain surgery
A flexible microdisplay device can track and display neural activity in the brain, allowing neurosurgeons to visualize critical cortical boundaries and guide surgical interventions. The device reduces the need for a buffer zone, enabling more precise removal of harmful tissue.
Are lab-grown brain tissues ethical? There is no no-brainer answer
Researchers at Hiroshima University explore the ethics of growing brain organoids from human fetal brain cells, highlighting concerns over consciousness, informed consent, and medical applications. The study emphasizes the need for a global regulatory framework to navigate the complex ethical landscape of fetal brain organoid research.
Fuelling nerve cell function and plasticity
Researchers at University of Cologne's CECAD Cluster of Excellence discovered that mitochondrial fusion boosts new neuron plasticity. The study found that as new neurons mature, their mitochondria fuse to acquire elongated shapes, sustaining synaptic plasticity and refining brain circuits.
Study finds high prevalence of hidden brain changes in people with heart disease
Researchers discovered changes to blood vessels in the brain that can increase stroke and dementia risk are common in people with heart conditions. The study confirms heart disease as a main cause of these changes, highlighting the importance of imaging tests to guide safer treatment choices.
Imaging deep brain activity with microprisms
Scientists use microprisms to track neuronal activity over multiple days with high resolution and throughput, gaining insights into how the brain adapts and changes over time.
Common degenerative brain disease may begin to develop already in middle age
Researchers discovered Lewy body disease changes in 9% of people over 50 without a clinical diagnosis, suggesting the disease may be more common than thought. Further studies are needed to confirm the results, but early detection is crucial for effective therapies.
Repairing patients’ dura more durably
Researchers have developed a new dural repair solution using a multi-functional biomaterial that addresses key limitations of current methods. The 'Dural Tough Adhesive' (DTA) performed better than currently used surgical sealants in tests using animal models and human-derived tissues.
Study identifies molecular alterations in brain tissue and blood of people who committed suicide
Researchers analyzed molecular data from brain tissue and blood of individuals who committed suicide, identifying risk markers for novel therapeutic targets. The study found alterations in the prefrontal cortex and inhibitory neurotransmitters, highlighting potential new approaches for preventing suicidal behavior.
Painting a molecular portrait of the brain with mass spectrometry and deep learning
Researchers used mass spectrometry imaging and single-cell metabolomics with deep learning to create 3D molecular maps of the brain, enabling a better understanding of chemical interactions within brain tissue. This breakthrough could help address currently intractable neurological diseases.
Enhanced 3D chemical imaging with phase-modulation
A new method for phase-modulated stimulated Raman scattering tomography enables rapid, label-free 3D chemical imaging of live cells and tissues. This technique improves lateral resolution and imaging depth compared to conventional methods.
Exposure to Agent Orange damages brain tissue in ways similar to Alzheimer’s disease
A new study reveals that Agent Orange damages frontal lobe brain tissue in laboratory rats, causing molecular and biochemical abnormalities similar to early-stage Alzheimer's disease. This research has important implications for the long-term brain health of aging veterans and people exposed to biologically similar herbicides.
Researchers are one step closer to diagnosing CTE during life, rather than after death
Researchers connected cognitive and behavioral symptoms to protein buildup in the brain marking the disease. The study showed a clear relationship between CTE pathology and severity of cognitive and functional symptoms during life.
Johns Hopkins researchers make progress toward developing blood tests for psychiatric and neurological disorders
Johns Hopkins researchers have made progress toward developing a blood test to identify disease-associated changes in the brain linked to postpartum depression and other psychiatric disorders. They identified 26 placental mRNAs present in maternal blood only during pregnancy, which reflected changes occurring inside the tissues.
UW-Madison researchers first to 3D-print functional human brain tissue
Researchers at UW-Madison have developed a groundbreaking method for 3D printing functional human brain tissue, which can grow and function like typical brain tissue. The printed cells form connections, send signals, and interact with each other through neurotransmitters, mimicking the complexity of human brains.
A new way to visualize brain cancer
Researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital and MIT unveiled a new microscopy technology called decrowding expansion pathology (dExPath) that provides novel insights into brain cancer development. The technology enables scientists to study neurological diseases at a never-before-achieved nanoscale level on conventional clinical samples.
Imaging method reveals new cells and structures in human brain tissue
Researchers used a novel microscopy technique to image human brain tissue with unprecedented detail, revealing new cells and structures previously invisible. The method could help diagnose tumors, generate more accurate prognoses, and guide treatment decisions.
Case report: Lazarus effect in a patient treated with osimertinib for NSCLC with leptomeningeal disease
Researchers report a case of a patient with EGFR L858R mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who experienced durable disease improvement after empirical treatment with osimertinib. The 'Lazarus effect' refers to the phenomenon where cancer appears to recur after seeming to be in remission.
Novel tissue-derived brain organoids could revolutionize brain research
Scientists have developed mini-brains from human fetal brain tissue that self-organize in vitro. These lab-grown organoids can study brain development and disease, including brain tumors. They offer a valuable means to untangle the complex network of molecules involved in directing brain development.
Smoking causes brain shrinkage
A recent study published in Biological Psychiatry: Global Open Science found that smoking causes brain shrinkage and increases the risk of age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Quitting smoking can prevent further loss of brain tissue, but stopping does not restore the brain to its original size.
Can brain stimulation benefit individuals with schizophrenia?
Researchers found that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) improved event-based prospective memory in patients with schizophrenia, but not time-based prospective memory. The study suggests rTMS as a potential therapeutic option for prospective memory impairments in individuals with schizophrenia.
NIH grant expands UIC brain bank into citywide effort to study epilepsy, brain cancer
A $5 million NIH grant is expanding the University of Illinois Chicago's neurology tissue bank into a citywide effort to study epilepsy and brain cancer. The project will create a powerful new resource combining brain tissue data with clinical, functional, genetic, and 3D imaging information.
£14M provided for research into the brain development of children who were ‘in the womb’ during the COVID-19 pandemic
Researchers at King's College London are studying the effects of maternal prenatal exposure to COVID-19 infection on children's brain development. The six-year study will explore how the maternal immune system affects fetal brain development and identify potential impacts on childhood outcomes.
What makes us human? Detailed cellular maps of the entire human brain reveal clues
A massive research consortium has created the largest human brain cell atlases to date, revealing over 3,000 different kinds of brain cells. This breakthrough study provides new insights into the cellular organization of the human brain and its modular, functional nature.