Articles tagged with Brain
The Politecnico di Milano has established two new laboratories, MINERVA and ATHENA, to study the microbiota-gut-brain axis. These labs will develop organ-on-a-chip devices that model in vitro the organs involved in this complex interaction.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have discovered a link between the brain's extracellular matrix and Alzheimer's disease, finding that elastin-like polypeptides increase amyloid-beta peptide accumulation in cell and animal models. This discovery offers new insights into the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
A team of international researchers has identified a potential treatment for reducing brain injury in premature babies by targeting hyperactive microglia with a drug that activates the Wnt signalling pathway. This approach may help protect white matter and prevent long-term memory problems associated with preterm birth.
A new study reveals that human brains process faces in a similar way to artificial intelligence systems, with unique activation patterns playing a key role in recognition. The researchers found parallels between the human visual system and deep neural networks, which can improve face recognition capabilities.
A study found that childhood thinking skills are associated with improved performance on cognitive tests at age 70, even after accounting for education level and socioeconomic status. Participants with amyloid-beta plaques in the brain scored lower on cognitive tests, but this was not linked to sex or other factors.
The human brain can recognize a familiar song within 100 to 300 milliseconds, with rapid pupil dilation and cortical activation related to memory retrieval. The study suggests that the brain's temporal circuitry is fast and efficient in recognizing familiar music, which may have implications for music-based therapeutic interventions.
The number of Americans living with Alzheimer's disease or other dementias is projected to nearly double to nearly 13 million over the next 20 years. Women will shoulder more than 80 percent of the cumulative costs, with 4.7 million women expected to have dementia by 2020.
Researchers found that fashion models and women from the general population shared similar body image concerns, with thighs and tummies being top areas of focus. The app Somatomap showed promise in helping doctors diagnose and treat eating disorders and body dysmorphic disorders.
Researchers have made significant progress in understanding brain function by studying the role of lactate in memory formation and learning. The study, published in Progress in Neurobiology, used a novel technique to produce three-dimensional models of astrocytes, revealing their complex structure and metabolic coupling with neurons.
Researchers developed a compact depth sensor inspired by jumping spiders' impressive depth perception. The metalens sensor combines with an ultra-efficient algorithm to measure depth in a single shot, enabling applications in microrobots, small wearable devices, and virtual/augmented reality headsets.
A study found that a subtype of schizophrenia is related to abnormal hydrogen sulfide levels in the brain, which can act as a biomarker. Higher than normal levels of the enzyme Mpst were detected in postmortem brains and hair follicles from people with schizophrenia.
A $5 million federal grant will support research into urea cycle disorders, which can cause hyperammonemia and seizures. The study aims to investigate long-term organ damage, academic achievement, and neurologic complications in patients with the disorder.
Scientists at Ohio State University are studying the potential link between chemotherapy treatment and cognitive problems in patients. Researchers have found that manipulating gut bacteria in mice before chemo may partially reverse side effects such as fatigue and weight loss.
A high-salt diet can cause cognitive impairment by activating a pathway in the brain that leads to tau protein clumping, according to a new study. The researchers found that this effect is not due to a loss in blood flow to the brain, but rather to the accumulation of tau protein aggregates that interfere with brain cell function.
Researchers developed a computer model inspired by biological brain mechanisms to predict and recognize new information, enabling robots to mimic behaviors. The model may help reveal the cognitive underpinnings of Autism Spectrum Disorder, where individuals tend to minimize error and prefer repetitive social interactions.
A high-salt diet may negatively affect cognitive function by causing a deficiency of nitric oxide, which is vital for maintaining vascular health in the brain. This can lead to the accumulation of tau deposits, contributing to dementia and cognitive impairment.
Scientists have identified a link between gut microbiota and brain cell communication, revealing altered gene expression in immune cells that disrupts learning processes. Restoring gut microbiota at birth rescues learning deficits, suggesting early-life signals play a crucial role.
Researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center found that exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) impairs brain function in mice by activating pathways that neutralize toxins and causing oxidative stress in astrocytes. This study suggests a potential contributing factor to neurodegenerative disorders.
Researchers at Institut Pasteur have identified GDF11 as a blood factor involved in weight loss and aging. The study shows that GDF11 mimics the benefits of calorie restriction, inducing metabolic changes and promoting neurogenesis in the brain.
A recent twin study published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease found a strong correlation between good cardiovascular health and improved cognitive function. The research suggests that adopting an ideal lifestyle with low CVH scores may not only reduce heart disease but also lower dementia risk.
Studies show intestinal bacterial imbalance linked to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's Disease and traumatic brain injury. Probiotics may improve brain function by altering the gut microbiome, reducing amyloid beta plaque and memory deficits.
A new AI algorithm developed by UCSF and UC Berkeley outperformed two out of four expert radiologists in detecting tiny brain hemorrhages on head scans. The algorithm achieved exam-level accuracy, tracing detailed outlines of abnormalities within the brain's three-dimensional structure.
Research in animals shows that chronic stress during pregnancy triggers an immune response in the brain, leading to potential changes in brain functions. The study found that stressed rats showed evidence of neuroinflammation and increased activity levels of microglia, suggesting a link between gestational stress and postpartum depress...
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have developed a new therapeutic approach to treat symptoms associated with PTEN deficiency, which is linked to autism and other neurological disorders. The treatment targets the mTORC2 complex and has shown promising results in reversing behavioral abnormalities and reducing seizures in mice.
Listeners prefer songs with balanced uncertain expectations, suggesting a 'reward for learning'. Medium complexity musical fragments with counterbalancing uncertain and predictable events yield the highest preference ratings.
Research reveals a connection between Alzheimer's disease and metabolic disturbances, including glucose resistance and abnormal sleep patterns. Introducing ApoE2 into cells expressing ApoE4 may reduce metabolic deficiencies, supporting cellular functions and energy metabolism in the brain.
The NIH BRAIN Initiative has awarded over 180 new projects to accelerate neuroscience discoveries, including developing neural circuit tools, studying non-neuronal cells, and analyzing complex data. These advancements aim to improve treatments for conditions like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and stroke.
Researchers found that brain actively filters out background noise, with fluid outdoor sounds causing the largest effect on focus. The study uses wearable EEG technology to measure brain activity in different environments, paving the way for more realistic neurotechnology design.
Researchers at Boston University School of Medicine found that chronic cyclic pattern of overeating can reduce the brain's ability to feel reward, leading to compulsive eating behaviors. The study suggests that future treatments should focus on rebalancing the mesolimbic dopamine system.
Researchers discovered a brain circuit linking cigarette smoking to type 2 diabetes, showing that nicotine consumption leads to reduced insulin release and higher blood sugar levels. The study found that variations in the Tcf7l2 gene may influence both tobacco addiction and diabetes development.
A new study published in Science Advances shows that MORE, a mind-body therapy, decreases brain's response to opioid-related cues while increasing its response to natural rewards. Participants reported enhanced joy, less pain, and improved psychological health after treatment.
Study reveals substantial changes in metabolic pathways related to energy metabolism, the nervous system, and cell membrane lipid metabolism during methamphetamine self-administration and withdrawal. Biomarkers such as depleted amino acids may help identify early warning signs of methamphetamine dependence.
Researchers found that marmoset monkeys' vocal development changes are driven by local bodily solutions rather than brain control. This discovery suggests that the body can make local problems-solving decisions without relying on the brain, saving energy and simplifying motor control.
A recent study published in eNeuro has shown that our auditory system and brain can make predictions about words in complex, uncertain, and noisy situations. The study used electroencephalography to analyze the brain waves of volunteers listening to unknown syllables, revealing a phenomenal ability to detect errors in predictions.
A study published in Biological Psychiatry found that mindfulness meditation training enhances the ability to recall a 'safety' memory, leading to reduced fear and anxiety. The researchers used MRI scans to examine changes in the brain associated with attention and memory following mindfulness meditation training.
Researchers found that protein TET2 plays a key role in regulating the immune response generated by microglia in inflamed brains. This discovery may lead to new treatments for neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
A recent study has identified a key regulator of microglia function during inflammation, which could become a significant component in treating neurodegenerative diseases. TET2 protein modulates the immune response generated by microglia cells in the brain under inflammatory conditions.
Researchers investigate how 9-month-old babies process novel information using EEG. They find that the theta rhythm is sensitive to unexpected outcomes, suggesting it plays a key role in encoding new information. The study's findings have implications for understanding infant learning processes.
A major study published in Circulation shows that more aggressively controlling daily blood pressure in older adults can improve brain health by reducing the accumulation of white matter lesions. Researchers found that intensive blood pressure therapy reduced these lesions by up to 40% and lower cardiovascular events, making it a safer...
Researchers identified a step-by-step assembly process of AMPA receptors on the endoplasmic reticulum, critical for excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. The assembly line involves specific proteins and complexes, and its disturbance leads to severe brain dysfunction.
A study by Dr Louisa Kulke found that reflex eye movements are independent of facial expression and occur just as quickly. The researcher used a combination of eye-tracking and EEG to investigate attention shifts during emotional face processing.
Scientists have developed a simple way to transport medication into the brain, bypassing the blood-brain barrier. The new technique uses engineered particles that can be packed with drugs and delivered through an intravenous injection, offering a minimally invasive solution for treating neurological disorders.
Research by Juan Manuel Toro and Carlota Pagès Portabella finds that musical training alters how humans perceive music. Brain scans reveal trained musicians distinguish between different types of musical irregularities, while untrained listeners do not.
Researchers have identified brain circuitry differences associated with suicidal behavior in individuals with mood disorders. The study found that those with a history of suicide attempts showed less connectivity in the cognitive control network and between it and the default mode network.
A study published in JAMA Psychiatry highlights the need for individualised approaches to defining mental illness. The researchers found that compulsive behaviour maps onto cognitive flexibility better than expert-assigned diagnoses.
A new UBC psychology study found that biological siblings of people with gambling disorder exhibit markers of increased impulsivity and risk-taking. The research suggests people with gambling disorder may have pre-existing genetic vulnerabilities to the illness.
Scientists at The Wistar Institute have identified a novel mechanism by which astrocytes promote cancer cell growth and metastasis in the brain. The pro-metastatic effect is mediated through the activation of the PPAR-gamma pathway, providing a new lead for PPAR-gamma antagonists in cancer therapy.
A new study quantifies the strength of relationship between playing American football and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) severity. The study found that each additional year played increased CTE risk by 30% and severe CTE odds doubled for every 5.3 years played.
A study published in Neurology found that young adults experiencing annual income drops of 25% or more are at risk of having thinking problems and reduced brain health in middle age. Participants with higher income volatility during peak earning years showed worse brain aging, including smaller total brain volume and reduced connectivity.
Researchers confirm that the brain attends to criticality, a state of optimal excitation without disorder, to maximize information processing. This is achieved through the regulation of inhibitory neurons, allowing for efficient encoding and transmission of complex patterns.
A new $2.8 million grant will support a preclinical efficacy study of MW150, a potential treatment for dementia. The drug targets dysregulated brain inflammation driven by p38-MAPK, which is also linked to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia.
Research investigates how diet and excess blood glucose influence Alzheimer's pathology, providing new insights into the link between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. The study aims to develop therapies targeting glucose pathways, offering potential treatments for this debilitating condition.
Researchers at UVA School of Medicine found that oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, previously thought to be harmless, actively participate in the immune system's attacks on myelin in multiple sclerosis. This discovery offers new hope for finding a cure by promoting brain repair and targeting both aspects of the pathology.
Experts recommend promoting a 'brain-healthy lifestyle' through public education campaigns, research programs, and healthcare system preparedness. This can help reduce the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases by emphasizing that healthy habits are generally good for brain health.
Researchers from Aarhus University discovered that Parkinson's patients have an immune imbalance in their blood, affecting the regulation of immune cells and anti-inflammatory molecules. This finding advocates for immune modulation as a potential alternative treatment for the disease.
Researchers developed a method to characterize brain states and simulate brain activity, enabling prediction of stimulation effects on brain state transitions. The study found that systematic external stimulation can awaken the brain in sleep states and may enhance recovery from psychiatric diseases.
Researchers at ETH Zurich developed a neuroprosthetic system that allows leg amputees to feel sensations from the prosthesis, giving them a sense of control and confidence while walking. The system involves tiny electrodes implanted in the nerve, allowing the brain to perceive the prosthesis as an extension of the body.
A study found that young adults experiencing annual income drops of 25% or more may be at risk of having thinking problems and reduced brain health in middle age. Participants with two or more income drops performed worse on cognitive tests, scoring 3.74 points lower than those with no income drops.
Researchers at UCLA have identified a molecular process controlling nerve growth, which could inform therapies accelerating peripheral nerve recovery. The study shows that manipulating this process can increase nerve regeneration rate by 15% in mice.
Research shows that even mild-to-moderate hearing loss in young children can lead to changes in how their brains process sounds. Detecting these problems early is crucial to limit brain changes and improve language development.