Articles tagged with Brain
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study published in eNeuro provides evidence for the link between the motor system and our sense of time. Participants in the research task showed synchronization between action preparation and perception, demonstrating that the brain operates at different speeds.
A recent Baycrest study suggests that learning music or speaking another language trains the brain to be more efficient. Researchers found that musicians and bilinguals utilized fewer brain resources when completing a working memory task, with less brain activity compared to monolingual individuals.
A clinical trial involving over 4880 participants found that combining clopidogrel and aspirin reduces the risk of secondary stroke within 90 days. However, it also increases the risk of major bleeding, with most episodes being non-fatal and not brain-related.
Researchers at the University of Washington have developed a wireless flying robotic insect called RoboFly that can take independent flaps. The insect uses a laser beam to power its wings and is controlled by a microcontroller that mimics the fluttering of a real insect's wings.
Older adults with mild cognitive impairment showed significant improvement with exergaming, which combines physical exercise with complex thinking and memory skills. Exergames may be an effective tool for slowing the debilitating effects of Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers found that nouns slow down speech more frequently than verbs, indicating difficulties with planning noun utterances. This discovery has implications for understanding human language processing and suggests universal long-term effects on grammar evolution.
Researchers studied Parkinson's patients with deep brain stimulation and found that brain activity alternates between the left and right sides of the brain while stepping. The introduction of a metronome improved accuracy and enhanced beta activity.
Researchers at Tohoku University used a visual search experiment to demonstrate that the human visual system can perceive objects outside its limited field. The study found that the brain constructs a 360-degree world, enabling smooth and efficient movement without turning.
Researchers developed a brain-computer interface that uses mutual learning to improve control for tetraplegic individuals. The system allowed users to adapt and learn at their own pace, leading to significant improvements in performance.
A new study led by Dr. Olga Boukrina of Kessler Foundation investigates the neural mechanisms behind recovery of impaired reading after stroke. The research aims to predict reading recovery using neuroimaging and may lead to improved rehabilitation outcomes.
Dr. Karun Singh is a leader in stem cell research, human genetics and brain development. His work has made significant impact on our knowledge of signaling mechanisms that regulate brain development and genetic risk factors underlying neurodevelopmental disorders.
Researchers use virtual reality to study sound perception in immersive settings, revealing variability in brain processing of spatial cues. The technology holds promise for developing more accurate diagnoses of auditory disorders and enhanced audio experiences in video games.
Researchers found significant improvement in walking speed for patients undergoing brain magnetic stimulation after a stroke, with greater effects seen on the same side of the brain where the stroke occurred. However, there was no significant impact on balance or motor function.
A study published in Neurology found that depression in older adults may be linked to memory problems and structural differences in the brain. Researchers also discovered a possible link between depression and small vessel disease, a condition affecting brain health.
Researchers are working on a new technique to synchronize cochlear implant signals, which will help people with implants to hear sounds more realistically. The goal is to make this method work outside the lab, but it remains a challenge from an engineering point of view.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University have developed an ultrasound helmet that can create real-time images of the brain during surgery, allowing for more precise control over software and robotics using only thoughts. The technology uses machine learning to account for distortion and integrate electroencephalogram (EEG) technology to pr...
Researchers found that brain cholesterol triggers amyloid-beta protein clusters, a key player in Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests targeting cholesterol regulation as a potential treatment approach.
Researchers have cracked the code of neural signals used by the immune system to communicate with the brain, opening doors to diagnostic and therapeutic targets for diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes. The discovery provides insight into how the nervous system regulates inflammation and immunity.
Researchers challenge conventional thinking about MS root cause and develop new treatment approach by protecting myelin from immune attack. The study provides compelling evidence that MS could begin with myelin damage, opening new lines of thinking for this disease.
A neuroimaging study found that the brain's visual system fills in missing information to maintain perception when visibility is low. The study, published in eNeuro, provides a more comprehensive account of how individuals perceive their world through vision.
A recent study found that erythropoietin (EPO) helps protect and repair vulnerable preterm brains by modifying genes essential for neurogenesis. The research, conducted at Children's National Hospital, identified five key genes involved in the development of the nervous system and responding to environmental stressors.
Biologists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have uncovered a structural variation in the NMDA receptor that enables it to function in low pH environments, such as those encountered during stroke or epileptic seizures. This adaptation could lead to new therapeutic strategies for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers discovered that visual experience triggers changes in brain protein expression, which enhances learning and processing of sensory information in tadpoles. This finding suggests a possible new role for proteins in sensory processing in people with autism spectrum disorder.
Researchers at DZNE found that blocking a particular receptor on astrocytes can normalize brain function and improve memory performance in mice models of Alzheimer's. This novel approach holds strong potential for treating the disease by targeting aberrant network dysfunctions in astrocytes.
UT Southwestern researchers have obtained atomic-scale blueprints of the most abundant class of brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The study's findings suggest new ways to treat nicotine addiction and neurodegeneration by designing drugs that interact with the receptor in different ways.
Researchers have developed new mathematics to understand how proteins work together as an integrated network within cells, enabling them to adapt and reset themselves after exposure to a new stimulus. This finding has potential applications in various fields, including cancer therapies and understanding the human hormone system.
Researchers found increased myelin water fraction in white matter following mild TBI, indicating active remyelination process. However, this change may be associated with disorganized and less functional myelin, a potential risk factor for chronic conditions like CTE.
A new case report warns of the potential danger of lightning strikes to patients with deep brain stimulators. The authors suggest precautions such as using surge protectors, charging devices first before plugging in, and strictly following manufacturer instructions to minimize risk.
Researchers have created a rat model that can be used to study the buildup of amyloid plaques and vascular abnormalities in the brain, two key traits of Alzheimer's disease. The model, which uses human APP and PS1 proteins, has shown poor memory and learning in rats, similar to those observed in humans suffering from Alzheimer's.
Researchers developed an MRI-based approach to identify high-risk patients who will develop psychosis, with 80% accuracy. This method may help reverse the trajectory of psychosis by providing early-intervention therapy.
Researchers at Nara Institute of Science and Technology have developed the world's smallest wireless optical biodevice, measuring just 1 mm³ and 2.3 mg in volume and weight. The device converts infrared light into blue light to control neural activity, offering a promising solution for optogenetics applications.
Researchers discovered that mature ependymal cells require continuous Foxj1 production to maintain shape and function, but viruses can shut down this process, leading to hydrocephalus. This study may lead to alternative treatments for the condition.
Two new studies presented at the Experimental Biology 2018 meeting found that consuming dark chocolate with a high concentration of cacao (minimally 70% cacao) has positive effects on stress levels, inflammation, mood, memory and immunity. The flavonoids in cacao are believed to support cognitive, endocrine and cardiovascular health.
Researchers discovered that fluctuations in estrogen levels affect cells in the brain, making women more susceptible to migraines. The study found higher NHE1 expression levels in male rats and lower levels in female rats with high estrogen levels.
Researchers used optogenetic tools to activate neurons linked to ejaculation in male fruit flies, revealing a rewarding experience. The study suggests that the brain processes ejaculation as a natural reward, influencing motivation and addiction risk.
A study of nearly half a million participants found that muscular strength is associated with improved brain functioning across various tests, including reaction speed and memory. The research also suggests that weight training could be beneficial for people with mental health conditions such as schizophrenia and depression.
A recent study found that Tai Chi improves brain metabolism and muscle energetics in older adults. The exercise showed significant increases in neuronal health markers and improved energy production in leg muscles.
UCalgary researchers develop a new method to discover drugs for treating epilepsy, leveraging the ketogenic diet's effect on energy production. A promising new use is found for vorinostat, a cancer treatment drug, reducing seizures in zebrafish and mouse models by 60%.
Researchers at UPV/EHU's Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology have identified the changes in proteins altered by the UBE3A enzyme, which leads to Angelman syndrome. The study explains how a single gene can affect brain function, providing new insights into the disease's complexity.
Triple negative breast cancer brain metastases typically have lower numbers of immune cells, but those present are responsive to checkpoint inhibitor therapies. Researchers aim to increase immune cell presence and responsiveness to improve treatment outcomes.
Researchers discovered a new molecule that blocks brain repair after injury, halting myelination and causing dramatic disruption to brain function. The molecule prevents the development of brain cells needed for repair, but FoxO3 may serve as a biomarker for its effects.
The study found that sensory experiences impact the production of new brain cells and brain growth in zebrafish larvae. Researchers suggest that simulated physical movement could be used to combat abnormal neurogenesis and improve learning and cognition.
Ear infections, especially in children, can cause severe complications such as meningitis, brain abscesses, and facial paralysis. Modern antibiotic treatments have significantly reduced mortality rates from these conditions, but it is essential to remain vigilant about potential neurologic complications.
A new mechanism regulating axon pathfinding has been identified in zebrafish embryos, suggesting that neuronal activity can influence brain connectivity. The research found that optogenetic stimulation of an inhibited N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor was necessary for axons to properly cross the midline.
A recent study found that stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) can improve overall survival and reduce cognitive side-effects in patients with brain metastases from small-cell lung cancer. The study compared outcomes of 5,752 patients who received whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) to those of 200 patients who received SRS.
Naloxone has been shown to reduce brain inflammation and improve neurological function in rats after a stroke, with a potential new treatment avenue for stroke patients. Further study is warranted to investigate naloxone's effectiveness in humans.
Scientists at University of Virginia Health System have found evidence that doctors can load custom blends of immune cells into the brain to battle diseases like Alzheimer's. The discovery enables doctors to tailor immune responses without radiation, a major breakthrough in treating neurological disorders.
Researchers have found that nitric oxide regulates neuron function by modulating a signalling step at the synapse, changing the position of the complexin protein within a synapse. This regulation can help understand neurological conditions and potentially lead to new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers at McGovern Medical School are studying how protein deposits in the brain can trigger dementia and stroke. Akihiko Urayama's team is examining the brain's clearance system, while Louise McCullough's team is investigating the gut-brain connection.
A study by researchers at Oregon Health & Science University has established a link between inflammation in pregnant women and the way the newborn brain is organized into networks. The results may provide promising avenues to explore treatments with potential to change negative impacts on newborn brain function.
A new study found that administering edonerpic maleate, a small molecule targeting CRMP2, significantly improved the ability of mice and monkeys to regain motor function after a stroke. Early clinical trial results suggest the drug is safe in humans, offering a potential breakthrough for stroke recovery.
Scientists at the University of Cambridge have discovered a new type of 'sleeping' stem cell in the brain that has a high potential for repair following brain injury or disease. The G2 quiescent stem cell can awaken and produce key brain cells, such as neurons and glia, faster than previously identified quiescent stem cells.
A 7-year follow-up study found that intensive meditation training maintains cognitive gains in sustained attention, with potential implications for human cognition and brain function. Regular meditators who practiced an hour a day on average maintained cognitive gains and resisted age-related decline.
Researchers used MRIs to show that babies with fragile X syndrome had less-developed white matter compared to infants without the condition. The study identified 12 fiber tracts with significant differences in development, which could serve as an objective marker for treatment effectiveness.
Dr. Callahan is recognized for his decades-long efforts in developing new models of care for older adults, focusing on late-life depression and dementia. He will deliver the keynote lecture at the Society of General Internal Medicine's annual meeting.
A recent Baycrest study found that memory training programs are only effective when tailored to an individual's specific memory difficulty, such as remembering faces or voices. Training focused on recollection improved older adults' abilities to mentally time travel and re-experience past events.
Researchers compared neural activity of signers and speakers using magnetoencephalography, finding similar brain regions involved in phrase building. The study suggests that despite physical differences, signed and spoken languages share intricate neurobiological processes.
Researchers at Yale University developed a novel RNA-based therapy to target West Nile virus, delivered through the nose. The therapy reduced the virus in the brain and allowed the immune system to destroy it, resulting in a 90% survival rate among treated mice. The treatment also provided long-term protection against future exposure.
Researchers at the Center for BrainHealth found that a clinician-driven virtual learning platform improves social competency and socio-emotional abilities in high-functioning adults on the autism spectrum. The study reveals increased activation in the brain's socio-cognition hub, leading to improved empathy and social interaction.
Regular meditation practice has been shown to improve sustained attention and response inhibition in older adults, with benefits partially maintained over seven years. Despite plateauing, the cognitive gains observed suggest potential long-term benefits of continued meditation practice.