Articles tagged with Brain
Research followed 695 bleeding stroke survivors for five years, finding 40% developed depression during follow-up, with high risk of dementia among those who also developed depression. Risk factors associated with hemorrhagic stroke also predicted depression risk.
Researchers found that structured physical activity training can improve cognitive deficits in stroke survivors, regardless of rehabilitation program length. Combining aerobic and strength training programs yields the largest cognitive gains, with benefits observed even in patients with chronic stroke.
Researchers used brain scans to improve predictions of adolescent problem drug use, correctly identifying 2/3 of those who would abuse drugs. Novelty-seeking scores were associated with reduced anticipation in brain reward centers, a key predictor of future drug use.
A new equation developed by a Nebraska researcher can correctly identify athletes who attempt to sandbag on the ImPACT test, informing better decisions about return-to-play protocols. The approach was found to be more effective than existing methods in detecting poor effort, with high accuracy rates.
Researchers found that itch and mild pain signals can be transmitted through the same spinal cord neurons, with GRP neurons acting as a 'braking system' to mitigate intense pain. In mice without these neurons, pain responses were increased and scratching behaviors were altered.
In a groundbreaking study, researchers at the University of Iowa have shown that gestational hypertension can be reversed in offspring born to hypertensive rats. The study's findings may offer a promising approach to addressing fetal programming and preventing the transfer of health risks from mothers to children.
Dr. Gita Martohardjono presents research on bilingual populations, showing changes in Spanish processing and predicting the impact of English use on brain responses. Her findings suggest that social factors hinder language learning in adults.
Researchers found that participants' brains responded positively to sentences conforming to traditional Welsh poetry rules, even when they couldn't explicitly identify the correct form. This suggests an innate appreciation for poetic structure in the human brain.
A UAlberta study found that AC253 improves memory and learning in mice with Alzheimer's-like symptoms, reducing amyloid levels and inflammation in the brain. Further studies are needed to optimize dosage and effectiveness.
The Infectious Diseases Society of America has published guidelines for diagnosing and treating complex neurological infections, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary team approach. The guidelines provide parameters for identifying and managing ventriculitis and meningitis, as well as prevention strategies.
A new study combines nanotechnology with gene editing to target HIV brain reservoirs and deliver morphine antagonists to protect neurons from opiate addiction damage. The approach uses Cas9/gRNA system and MENP drug-based delivery system to eliminate latent HIV copies and deliver medications non-invasively.
Researchers used MRI to identify differences in brain development among high-risk infants, finding that those with autism showed faster brain growth rates between 6-12 months. These early brain changes can help predict autism diagnosis at age 2 years.
A study has identified CTE pathology in four former soccer players, exceeding the average background rate of CTE found in a previous survey. All six brains also showed signs of Alzheimer's disease, highlighting a potential link between playing football and degenerative brain pathologies.
Researchers are exploring a new infusion therapy that could help smooth out movement for patients with Parkinson's by providing constant levodopa levels and stimulating dopamine receptors. The therapy aims to reduce off-time and increase on-time movement, improving overall quality of life.
Researchers at University of Bristol and UCLan uncover new type of LTP controlled by kainate receptors, promising therapeutic strategies for dementia and epilepsy. The study's findings have far-reaching implications for understanding memory and neurodegenerative disorders.
Researchers have identified a potential epilepsy treatment, lorcaserin, that suppresses seizure activity in children with Dravet syndrome. The treatment was developed using a zebrafish model and showed promising results in a small clinical trial.
Researchers have developed a theoretical map to use ferroelectric material to process information using multivalued logic, enabling the same physical switch to encode multiple values. This could lead to significantly more efficient memory units and processors, crucial for realizing neuromorphic computing.
Research by Osaka University finds that noradrenaline modulates the primary visual cortex, reducing spontaneous neural activity and suppressing contrast sensitivity. This suggests a new therapeutic target for improving vision and machine learning in patients.
Researchers discovered dynamic changes in brain networks between high and low consciousness states, with relatively stable patterns recurring across the continuum. Anesthetic dosage was linked to changes in consciousness levels, providing insights into the conscious and unconscious states.
A multidisciplinary team from UChicago is developing wireless brain implants that can convert camera input into electrical stimulations to produce useful visual perception in the brain. The technology could restore partial vision to people who have lost their sight, significantly improving their quality of life.
Researchers found that subcutaneous injection of orexin can improve survival rates in mice with endotoxin shock by restoring body temperature and increasing heart rate. Future studies aim to validate the effect of peripherally administered orexin in primates with septic shock.
A McGill University study shows that the brain's opioid system is involved in experiencing musical pleasure. Researchers found that participants' favorite songs no longer elicited feelings of pleasure when their opioids were temporarily blocked.
A new study by University of Maryland School Medicine researchers found adjusting kynurenic acid levels can reduce schizophrenia-like behavior in mice. Higher KYNA levels are associated with cognitive problems and reduced glutamate signaling in people with schizophrenia.
A new model, aggregate-label learning, proposes that neurons serve as reliable clue detectors to their host by matching spike output to the magnitude of a cue. This approach outperforms existing models in processing continuous streams of sensory information.
Researchers suggest that universal screening at 18 months and 24 months can help diagnose ASD earlier, reducing disparities among disadvantaged communities. The new policies aim to improve outcomes for relationships and careers.
Scientists have developed mini-brains that can grow blood vessels, enabling the study of neurological diseases such as stroke and concussion. The presence of vasculature makes these mini-brains more realistic models of natural brains, allowing researchers to investigate the interaction between the brain and its circulatory system.
A new brain-computer interface (BCI) enables people with complete locked-in syndrome to communicate by detecting their brain activity. The study found that participants reported being 'happy' and could respond correctly to personal questions, overturning previous theories on the capabilities of individuals with this condition.
A new study by Michigan State University researchers found that children with a growth mindset tend to focus more on their mistakes and improve their performance after errors. In contrast, children with a fixed mindset can also recover from mistakes if they pay close attention to the errors.
Researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center have discovered a potential way to reduce complications from blood clot removal during stroke treatment. By targeting the plasma kallikrein protein, they aim to increase the efficacy of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) therapy while minimizing bleeding and swelling.
Researchers at TSRI identified a brain hormone called FLP-7 that stimulates fat metabolism without affecting food intake. By studying roundworms and visualizing the hormone in living animals, they found a direct link between serotonin levels in the brain and FLP-7 production, which triggers fat burning in the gut.
Researchers at Tohoku University have developed a new drug, SAK3, that stimulates the release of acetylcholine in the brain and improves cognition. In animal experiments, SAK3 has proven to be safe and well-tolerated, with potential for development into a disease-modifying drug.
Researchers discovered LSD alters perception by stimulating serotonin 2A receptors in the brain. This finding may lead to new courses of treatment for psychiatric disorders like depression, addictions, and phobias by enhancing personal relevance.
A study of 351 patients with EGFR mutant lung cancer and brain metastases found that radiation therapy followed by targeted medicines resulted in the longest overall survival, with median survival times of 46 months and 30 months respectively. The findings suggest that a more aggressive approach to treating brain metastases may be the ...
Scientists discover that a minuscule change in brain connections between detecting hawthorn and apple odours may be the cause for the split amongst these fruit flies. This finding suggests that even small changes in nervous system can have significant effects on species, particularly in response to introduced foreign species.
Researchers discovered a brain-wide chemical signal released in response to attention-demanding situations, which is boosted by current Alzheimer's treatments. This signal could lead to new ways to enhance cognitive function and memory in healthy individuals.
Researchers found that brain activity patterns, particularly within two networks involved in error detection and interference processing, can predict treatment response. Patients who showed stronger communication between these networks were less likely to benefit from antidepressants.
A study of patients undergoing catheter ablation found a significantly higher rate of brain injury due to embolism among those with left ventricle therapy compared to right ventricle therapy. Brain lesions may also be associated with cognitive decline, highlighting the need for further research and strategies to avoid these lesions.
A study published in Cell Death and Disease suggests that problems with mitochondria may contribute to Parkinson's disease. The researchers found that faulty waste disposal systems can lead to damaged mitochondria, which produce less energy and cause oxidative stress.
Researchers at the Center for BrainHealth found a strong link between impulsive personality and high body mass index (BMI). Individuals with an impulsive personality were more likely to exhibit altered neural function, which may contribute to weight gain. The study suggests that addressing impulsive personality traits could be key to d...
Researchers have developed a novel PET radiatracer called Neuroflux to quantify olfactory sensory neurons, improving measurements of olfactory health. The study found decreased signals in young animal models before cognitive symptoms onset, demonstrating the vulnerability of olfactory neurons.
Researchers at UEA and Glasgow found that a low-cost, home-based therapy produces marked improvements in visual neglect, even after four months. Patients who received the therapy showed significant gains in finding items on their neglected side of space and experienced long-lasting improvements in daily activities.
Researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center found that mice with reduced brain cholesterol suffer neurological damage and behavioral abnormalities. The study suggests that cholesterol may play a role in the development of Alzheimer's disease in people with diabetes.
Researchers at UC Berkeley discovered that blinking prompts the brain to reposition eyeballs, keeping vision in line. This mechanism allows our brains to adapt to changes and compensate for errors in our bodies' own hardware.
Researchers found that ants can decouple their direction of travel from their body orientation, maintaining a northerly direction by going forward or backward. This challenges the notion of simple stimulus-response behaviors in insects.
A new study from the University of California San Diego finds that native Mandarin speakers exhibit superior pitch processing skills in young children compared to English-speaking peers. The research suggests that brain skills learned in one area, such as language, can generalize to other cognitive abilities like music.
A recent study published in Nature Communications found that humans and primates both have an ability to distinguish between large and small quantities of objects. The research showed that this bias is strongest in humans and correlates with increasing age and math education, suggesting a possible evolutionary basis for number perception.
An international team of scientists, led by Todd Lencz PhD, discovered new genetic variations related to cognitive ability in a study published in Molecular Psychiatry. The findings suggest a significant genetic overlap between risk for several psychiatric disorders and reduction in cognitive ability.
New research reveals that heartbeat signals can increase racial biases when facing a potential threat, leading to misperceptions of harmless objects as weapons. This study has important implications for tackling police shootings and reducing tragedies caused by racial bias.
A Baylor researcher found that students who re-tell information to someone shortly after learning it recall details better and longer. The 'testing effect' strategy involves actively replaying or re-generating the information through conversation, leading to improved retention over time.
Researchers found that RGS9-2 promotes addiction to oxycodone in both pain-free and chronic pain states. The protein also plays a protective role against oxycodone tolerance. Understanding the mechanisms of oxycodone action can help develop new, less addictive pain management strategies.
Researchers at Uppsala University developed a new antibody design that increases brain uptake of antibodies almost 100-fold, offering new opportunities for treating brain diseases. The modified antibodies use the transferrin receptor to transport them across the blood-brain barrier.
A 9-day-old baby who suffered a normally fatal stroke was saved after Dr. Alexander Drofa removed the clot by combining mechanical and medicinal therapies. The infant's coma made the case particularly challenging.
Freeman's lab will use an innovative mouse-tracking software to study stereotypic vision, exploring its impact on brain visual processing and potential strategies to reduce biases.
Researchers at UNC School of Medicine found that mice reared in darkness show degraded dorsal stream responses, highlighting the importance of early visual experience for proper development. This discovery has implications for understanding vision restoration and recovery from bilateral cataracts.
A study published in Neurology suggests that elevated levels of brain protein tau following a sport-related concussion are associated with a longer recovery period and delayed return to play. Tau levels measured in blood may serve as a marker to help physicians determine an athlete's readiness to return to the game.
The brain can distinguish between expected and unexpected visual motion by selectively silencing neurons sensitive to yaw during intentional turns. This allows flies to stabilize their flight path and shift their gaze without interference. The study provides insights into how the brain processes visual information to control behavior
Researchers found that hummingbird brains are uniquely attuned to detect fast visual motion in any direction. This discovery sheds light on the birds' remarkable ability to zoom and stop quickly while sipping nectar. The findings have implications for understanding flight behaviors, competitive interactions, and courtship displays.
A systematic review confirms Zika virus infection as a cause of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) and congenital brain abnormalities. The study analyzed 72 studies on Zika and GBS, finding at least eight criteria for causality met, while another 36 studies showed seven out of ten criteria satisfied.
Researchers found that brain size evolved at different rates for different species, especially during Homo's evolution, while chewing teeth evolved at similar rates. This challenges the classic view that larger brains led to smaller teeth as a result of tool use.
A study published in PNAS used MEG and computational methods to measure real-time brain processes converting face appearance into recognition. The research team mapped brain activity for each point in time, identifying which parts of the brain encode appearance-based information versus identity-based information.