Articles tagged with Brain
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A five-year $1-million grant aims to teach people how to protect their brains through exercise, with a focus on African-Americans at elevated dementia risk. The program will include dance-based exercise and lifestyle education, and gather data on brain circuitry, aging, and stress levels.
A study published in PLOS ONE suggests that cannabis users have difficulty recognizing and empathizing with human emotions like happiness, sadness, and anger. However, the brain may be able to compensate for these effects when explicitly detecting emotions.
Researchers used advanced calcium imaging to monitor neural activity in zebrafish brains, showing the tectum responds to multiple stimuli like sight, sound, and water flow. This discovery suggests a unified sensory view for both humans and fish, improving understanding of human sensory perception.
A new study at McGill University reveals that complex interactions between neurotransmitter receptors and other proteins help explain the brain's ability to process information quickly. Researchers used multiple techniques to examine AMPA receptors, a major player in brain signaling.
A team of researchers discovered that people with Down syndrome have altered white matter insulation in their brains, affecting nerve transmission. This finding may lead to new treatments for DS patients and has implications for other developmental disabilities like autism.
A new study by Simon Fraser University researchers found that differences in working memory capacity correlate with the brain's ability to actively ignore distraction. Individuals with low memory capacity are unable to suppress distractors, leading to attentional deficits.
A new study suggests that fetal alcohol exposure leads to long-lasting slow-wave sleep fragmentation, which is associated with learning problems and impaired cognitive function. The researchers found that mice exposed to binge amounts of ethanol displayed severe sleep fragmentation, memory impairment, and hyperactivity.
A recent study by the American Academy of Neurology has found that most Ebola survivors experienced brain symptoms six months after their initial infection. The study, which followed 82 Ebola survivors from Liberia, revealed common neurological problems such as weakness, headache, memory loss, and depressed mood.
Two NYU faculty, Marc Gershow and Katherine Nagel, have been awarded Sloan Foundation research fellowships. The fellowships provide $55,000 over two years to support their research in fields such as neuroscience and physics.
New research reveals that dodos had a brain size comparable to pigeons, suggesting moderate intelligence. The study also found an enlarged olfactory bulb in the dodo's brain, indicating a reliance on smell for navigation.
Researchers found a dramatic increase in brain plaques when key immune cells are lacking in genetically modified mice, leading to new techniques to identify and treat individuals at risk of developing Alzheimer's. The study suggests the immune system plays a crucial role in clearing beta-amyloid from the brain.
A philosopher at Ruhr-University Bochum argues that our brain constructs complex contents immediately upon spotting an object, integrating typical features into a pattern. This process is evident in both individual and social perception, and has evolutionary significance.
Researchers at the University of Waterloo have found a potential treatment for adults with lazy eye, improving sight and brain response through transcranial direct current stimulation. The treatment has shown promise in increasing vision quality and addressing primary visual cortex problems.
A new medication called idarucizumab reverses the blood-thinning effects of dabigatran in patients with brain hemorrhage, allowing for quicker treatment and reducing complications. The study showed that idarucizumab effectively reversed dabigatran's anticoagulant effects in 90% of patients.
Researchers are developing longer-lived imaging agents to target soluble oligomers, a potentially neurotoxic form of amyloid beta peptide. This approach may lead to more accurate diagnoses and better understanding of the disease process.
Researchers at Uppsala University have developed a new PET imaging method that uses monoclonal antibodies to provide more precise information on the brain than traditional radioactive tracers. The method has shown high specificity and can monitor the progression of Alzheimer's disease, allowing for better assessment of medication effects.
Researchers found a high risk of developing dementia after intracerebral hemorrhage, with 20% of patients developing dementia within one year. Risk factors included location of brain bleed, older age, and history of previous stroke.
A study published in Neurology found that certain antibiotics are associated with delirium, a condition characterized by mental confusion and hallucinations. Researchers identified three types of brain problems related to antibiotics, including seizures, psychosis, and impaired muscle coordination.
Researchers studied 980 stroke survivors with PFO and found that closing the hole with a device reduced recurrent strokes by 56% compared to blood thinning medications. The device only prevented strokes related to PFO, which tend to be larger and on the edge of the brain.
Researchers have found a significant association between certain oral bacteria and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. The study suggests that oral health is important for brain health and may play a role in the development of other diseases such as dementia and rheumatoid arthritis.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health have developed tiny 'mini-brains' made up of human brain cells, which can be replicated on a large scale. These mini-brains can help study neurological diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and autism, reducing the need for animal testing.
Researchers found that when people see something associated with a past reward, their brain releases dopamine even if they're not expecting it. This could explain why breaking bad habits or sticking to resolutions is hard. The study's results suggest potential benefits for addicts and dieters.
Scientists at NTU have developed a small smart chip that can wirelessly transmit brain signals from neural implants, increasing efficiency and reducing the risk of infections. The chip analyzes and decodes thousands of signals with high accuracy, enabling compact medical wearable devices and prosthetic limb control.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University have discovered a novel peptide that enhances memory and reveals significant gender differences in the brain. The peptide, developed to treat neuroprotective protein deficiencies, has been shown to accelerate microtubular function and normalize nerve-cell transport in both males and females.
A study found a direct correlation between poor fitness and reduced brain volume decades later, indicating accelerated brain aging. Participants with higher blood pressure and heart rate responses during exercise were more likely to have smaller brain volumes.
Researchers explore internal and social behavior, using mathematical tools to analyze brain activity. The study reveals a substance that influences financial decisions, highlighting the need for guiding rules in brain function.
Researchers found that MAP1A connects NMDA glutamate receptors to microtubules, stabilizing receptor transport and preventing derailment. This discovery offers new insights into the neural mechanisms underlying memory and learning.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine developed a possible new method for preventing jet lag by exposing people to short flashes of light while they sleep. The study found that this method can speed up the brain's adjustment to time changes, reducing the delay in onset of sleepiness.
A multi-institutional report presents the first known experience of robotic nephrectomy for inferior vena cava tumor thrombus, achieving favorable outcomes and reproducibility in surgeons with adequate robotic experience. Complications were relatively minor, but some patient deaths occurred despite minimally invasive approach
Scientists have identified four classes of nerve cell involved in calculating directionally selective signals in fruit flies, unlike previously proposed models. These cells, including T5 cells, perceive the direction of motion and receive input from four upstream cells.
Mindfulness meditation training alters brain network functional connectivity patterns, reducing inflammatory biomarkers like Interleukin-6 and improving executive control. This neurobiological change explains the improvements in stress-related health outcomes.
A study of deceased individuals found that moderate seafood consumption was correlated with lesser Alzheimer disease neuropathology, despite higher brain levels of mercury. The study suggests that selenium, an essential nutrient in seafood, may reduce mercury toxicity and its negative effects on the brain.
Research suggests that eating at least one seafood serving per week may lower the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease in older adults with the APOE-4 gene. The study found no association between seafood consumption and increased brain mercury levels or beta amyloid protein plaques, key markers of the disease.
Researchers at EPFL create cellular and mouse models that accurately reproduce the evolution of Parkinson's disease, using insights into protein clumps called Lewy bodies. The new models can propel research and drug development, offering a powerful tool for rapid screening of molecular pathways involved in the disease.
Researchers have successfully interfaced graphene with neurons, maintaining the integrity of these vital cells. The work may lead to the development of graphene-based electrodes that can safely be implanted in the brain, offering promise for restoring sensory functions in amputee or paralyzed patients.
The Iris and Junming Le Foundation has donated $500,000 to support the purchase of a powerful super-resolution microscope at Scripps Florida. This advanced technology will enable neuroscientists to see synapses between neurons with unprecedented detail, potentially leading to breakthroughs in Alzheimer's disease research.
Researchers examine the efficacy profile of anti-prion antibodies, finding that toxicity depends on factors such as antibody dose and binding region. The study suggests that antibodies targeting the flexible tail region of PrP may be more promising candidates for immunotherapy.
Researchers found that rat whisker mechanoreceptors act as tiny calculators, computing whisker rotation and updating the brain. This discovery sheds light on the complex interactions between sensory organs and the brain.
Researchers demonstrate that human brain uses different frequency channels depending on the direction of information transport, similar to macaque monkeys. The findings might help understand the cause of psychiatric illnesses where top-down and bottom-up flows get mixed up.
Researchers have found that carnitine deficiency can interfere with neural stem cell development, increasing autism risk. Supplementing carnitine may help offset this effect, particularly in cases involving genetic mutations associated with TMLHE gene variants.
A multi-tiered approach to stopping bullying is proposed, with recommendations for peers, parents, schools, and new media platforms. Peers can defend victims by sharing emotional reactions and offering support, while parents can facilitate communication about incidents through training.
A study published in Neurology found that individuals with higher BDNF protein levels had slower cognitive decline than those with lower levels. The researchers discovered a 50% reduction in cognitive decline for those in the highest 10% of protein expression compared to the lowest 10%.
Studies using advanced imaging techniques reveal changes in brain and spinal cord structure and function associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Researchers believe that CNS factors contribute to the development of painful symptoms, providing new insights into the nature of DPN.
Researchers found that moths with transplanted antennae responded to novel pheromone blends not seen in nature. The moths' brains integrated signals from the antennal lobe to create a sense of reality, even when the sensory input was altered.
A recent study found Aβ plaques in brains of recipients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, sparking concerns over transmissible Alzheimer's disease. The discovery highlights the potential risks of transplantation medicine and calls for heightened attention to this issue.
Researchers discovered a rare genetic mutation in Turkish children with ataxia, which caused a significant impact on the brain's autophagy process. This finding has important implications for understanding and treating neurological disorders, such as ataxia and developmental delays.
Afinatinib has shown significant clinical benefits for NSCLC patients with brain metastases, including improved PFS (8.2 vs. 5.4 months) and ORR (73% vs. 25%) compared to standard platinum doublet chemotherapy. The drug's efficacy was particularly notable in patients harboring EGFR Del19 mutations.
The study reveals the mechanics of dopamine transport into and out of neurons, shedding light on its role in various brain-related functions. The findings have significant implications for understanding and treating diseases related to dopamine imbalance, such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia.
A study by Sarah Benson-Amram and colleagues found that carnivore species with larger brains relative to their body size were more successful in solving a novel problem-solving task, with bears being the most successful and meerkats and mongooses being the least. The results support the theory that brain size predicts cognitive abilities.
Researchers found that most cases of severe brain damage in newborns occur after birth, despite proper resuscitation. Infections and anemia before birth do not cause the damage, but rather trigger devastating outcomes that can be prevented with timely medical attention.
Researchers at Columbia University's Zuckerman Institute have created a safer strain of rabies virus that can map brain activity in real-time, allowing for a more complete understanding of brain cellular circuits. This innovation has far-reaching applications for brain research and disease treatment.
Researchers found that higher Omega-3 fatty acid levels enhance the effectiveness of B vitamins in preventing cognitive decline. The study, which included over 250 participants with mild cognitive impairment, suggests that combining B vitamins and fish oil supplements may improve thinking and memory in older adults.
David Freedman, a neuroscientist from the University of Chicago Medical Center, has been awarded the 2016 Troland Research Award for his groundbreaking research on how the brain learns and recognizes visual categories. His work reveals that individual neurons in the parietal and frontal cortices can encode information about categories.
Ongoing aerobic exercise has been shown to enhance factors that potentially have a protective effect on the brain, counteracting brain shrinkage and improving connections in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Aerobic exercise can also help manage symptoms such as rigid muscles, slowed movement, and impaired posture and balance.
Researchers have discovered a new mutation that rescues abnormal axonal growth in the developing mouse brain affected by CFEOM3. The mutation targets the kinesin-microtubule interface and suppresses abnormal axon guidance.
Researchers found that human brains recognize emotions through vocalizations just one-tenth of a second faster than speech, with anger signals producing longer brain activity. Anxious individuals exhibit a faster response to emotional voices compared to less anxious participants.
A team of neurosurgeons and engineers has developed wireless brain sensors that monitor intracranial pressure and temperature, dissolving over time without the need for surgery. These devices have potential to monitor patients with traumatic brain injuries and could be used to track activity in other organ systems throughout the body.
Researchers found that brain network activity can predict how patients respond to general anesthesia. By analyzing alpha wave patterns and delta-alpha coupling, doctors may be able to optimize the amount of drug needed, reducing risks associated with anesthesia.
Researchers discovered a distinctive odor signature in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease that appears before significant brain pathology development, suggesting a non-invasive tool for early diagnosis. The odor profile may be related to the presence of an underlying gene rather than actual brain changes.
Researchers studied healthy volunteers' brain activity while receiving propofol, a commonly used anaesthetic. They found that differences in 'brain signature' - measured by alpha waves and delta-alpha coupling - predicted individual responses to the drug.