Articles tagged with Brain
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study found that regular use of fish oil supplements was associated with a significant reduction in cognitive decline and brain atrophy in older adults. The study also showed that participants who took fish oil supplements demonstrated less brain shrinkage compared to those who did not use the supplements.
A new noninvasive optical imaging device has been shown to detect changes in the retina that occur before clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. The device, developed at Cedars-Sinai, can differentiate between Alzheimer's and non-Alzheimer's diseases with high sensitivity and specificity.
Virtual Finger technology allows scientists to access & analyze 3D image data more efficiently, speeding up data collection and analysis by 10-100 times. This breakthrough tech has far-reaching implications for various biological experiments and methods of data analysis.
Virtual reality interface devices reorganize brain neural networks in patients with chronic stroke and cerebral palsy, improving hand function and balance. This application enhances the quality of life for individuals with neurological diseases.
The University of Nevada, Reno has won a $10 million COBRE grant to study brain and neurological disorders. Researchers are using visual illusions like the Dynamic Ebbinghaus illusion to gain insights into sensory perception and the visual brain.
A chronic subdural haematoma was reported after a Motörhead concert, highlighting the potential dangers of headbanging. The case study suggests that heavy metal music's fast tempo may contribute to such injuries.
Researchers at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute have identified a chemical switch controlling neuron generation and survival in the brains of Alzheimer's patients and stroke victims. This switch, MEF2, may be a potential therapeutic target to protect against neuronal loss in various neurodegenerative diseases.
A study has identified a genetic mutation that may cause parkinsonism in young people, particularly those with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The mutation affects the brain's transport of dopamine, leading to movement disorders and mental health issues.
A study suggests that early humans who relied on an insect diet during lean seasons may have developed bigger brains and higher-level cognitive functions. Capuchin monkeys' foraging patterns for insects reveal a link between seasonal food scarcity and sensorimotor skills, including tool use and problem-solving.
A new study published in Biological Psychiatry found that individuals at high risk for addiction share similar neurobiological signatures with addicted individuals. The research suggests a common brain mechanism that promotes the use of addictive substances in vulnerable people and those with long-standing habitual substance use.
A study by neuroscientists at Brigham Young University found that addiction starts with an overcorrection in the brain, triggering oxidative stress and a protein called BDNF. This process can lead to withdrawal symptoms like pain and anxiety.
Researchers at Duke University have developed a method to measure the response of an individual neuron to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a procedure used to treat psychiatric disorders. By recording activity from single neurons during TMS, the team gained a basic understanding of the technique's physiological mechanisms.
The Meixner Postdoctoral Fellowship program invests in rising talent within the autism research community, focusing on neuroinflammation, genetic interactions, neural biomarkers, and novel intervention programs. The new postdoctoral fellows will advance Autism Speaks' mission to develop effective treatments for ASD.
Researchers found that monkeys consistently show the hot-hand bias, even when faced with random rewards, suggesting an evolutionary adaptation for foraging in the wild. The study's findings could inform treatment for gambling addiction and provide insights for investors.
Daphne Maurer has spent decades studying human sensory development and brain plasticity. Her research on infants born with cataracts reveals that temporary blindness can lead to permanent visual deficits. Maurer also explores the potential of video games to improve eyesight in adults.
Researchers have gained unprecedented insight into the NMDA receptor, a key player in learning and memory. The new 3D model provides vital clues for developing drugs to combat neurological diseases such as Alzheimer
A potential Alzheimer's drug has been identified that prevents abnormal blood clots in the brain, which contribute to memory loss and cognitive decline. The compound, RU-505, targets amyloid-β's role in forming clots and shows promise in both test tube experiments and mouse models.
Research suggests that short and long sleep durations are associated with lower brain function scores in older adults. Optimizing sleep at an older age may help delay cognitive decline. The study's findings support the importance of 6-8 hours of sleep per night for optimum brain function.
Experts cite five historical misconceptions in brain metastases research, including assuming all histologies are equal and neglecting total tumor burden. A new article calls for 'fresh thinking' and critical analyses to advance treatment.
Researchers are working to diminish and mask bitter tastes in foods due to genetic sensitivity issues. Food additives such as lactisole and phantom aromas can effectively reduce bitterness perception, making food more palatable.
Researchers at University of Maryland School of Medicine will examine the role of kynurenic acid in schizophrenia, a devastating psychiatric disease affecting one percent of people worldwide. The study aims to uncover its potential linchpin role and develop new treatment interventions.
Brain cancer specialists argue that current science is guiding compromising care, emphasizing the need for individualized treatment approaches. They identify five misconceptions that lead to poorer care, including assuming all tumor cell types act similarly and neglecting important biological differences.
Researchers find that Danes and Americans are similarly inclined to support welfare for those who are unlucky, but not lazy. The study reveals a biological and psychological basis for these attitudes, highlighting the role of reciprocal help and stereotypes in shaping public opinion.
Researchers discovered that the prefrontal cortex is responsible for visual stability, filtering out unnecessary information during eye movements. This finding has implications for understanding mental health issues like dyslexia and attention deficit disorders.
A new study found that cardiorespiratory capacity and motor ability are strongly related to academic performance, with motor ability being the most important factor. The study suggests that promoting physical activities that enhance these abilities can improve academic development and reduce the risk of school failure.
A new study by Dr. Andrew Hudson and colleagues provides clues about the brain's processes used to navigate from unconsciousness back to consciousness after anesthesia. The researchers found that the brain activity occurred in discrete clumps, or clusters, and that certain patterns consistently occurred in anesthetized rodents.
Researchers have identified abnormal brain iron levels in children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), which may help improve diagnosis and treatment. The study suggests that brain iron absorption into the brain is abnormal in ADHD, even when blood iron levels are normal.
Exposure to neuroscientific information diminishes people's support for retributive punishment and perceived moral responsibility. Students who learned about brain processes proposed less severe punishment than their peers, indicating a shift in moral attributions.
Researchers used X-ray crystallography to study how tubulin acetyltransferase (TAT) interacts with microtubules, revealing that TAT only labels stable microtubules. This discovery may help cells distinguish between stable and unstable microtubules, influencing nerve cell health and behavior.
The study, led by Elizabeth M. C. Hillman, reveals the vascular endothelium plays a critical role in regulating blood flow in response to neuronal activity. This finding has far-reaching implications for understanding early brain development, disease, and aging.
A new study published in PeerJ found that fighting off illness rather than the illness itself causes sleep deprivation and affects memory. The research used flies to show that the immune system can cause problems with sleep and memory, even when there is no infection present.
Researchers studied brain activity in a part of the brain involved in thinking about oneself and found that group dynamics can lead individuals to harm others outside their group. This is due to reduced medial prefrontal cortex activation when seeing moral statements, which correlates with increased likelihood of harming opponents.
A new study published in Frontiers in Neurology found that eight-session gist-reasoning training can significantly improve higher-order thinking and other key frontal lobe functions in chronic recovery stages. Participants showed improved abstraction of meanings, executive functions, and memory for facts.
The Lawrence Livermore Laboratory will develop an implantable neural interface to record and stimulate neurons in the brain for treating neuropsychiatric disorders such as PTSD and TBI. The device is part of DARPA's SUBNETS program and aims to provide a revolutionary treatment option for patients suffering from these conditions.
A study found that people with poor cardiovascular health are more likely to experience cognitive decline, including learning and memory problems. Researchers analyzed data from 17,761 individuals aged 45 and older, finding that those with the lowest cardiovascular health scores had impaired cognitive function.
Research reveals how neurons create and integrate with each other, shedding light on neurological diseases like autism. The study identifies Dscam1 protein variations as key to forming complex neural networks.
Researchers have discovered a key gene mutation responsible for impaired mental function in children with intellectual disabilities. TUBB5 is essential for healthy brain development, and mutations can cause problems with normal fetal brain development.
A recent study from the University of California, Davis suggests that random fluctuations in brain activity may contribute to our ability to make choices. The researchers found that patterns of brain activity before a decision can predict the outcome of the decision.
Researchers at the University of Toronto have identified a complex of three proteins that regulate brain function and may lead to improved treatments for epilepsy. The discovery has major implications for understanding neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, autism, and neuropathic pain.
A recent study published in Annals of Neurology reports that healthy human tissue grafted to the brains of patients with Huntington's disease developed signs of the illness, several years after grafting. The study has profound implications on the understanding of the disease and how to treat it.
A study by researchers at Caltech found that chimpanzees consistently outperformed humans in the Inspection Game, a simple contest drawn from game theory. The chimps' rapid learning and near-optimal play suggest excellent short-term memory as a key factor in their success.
A new study challenges prevailing views of empathy's effects on moral judgment, finding that compassion can produce counterintuitive results. More compassionate people tend to oppose utilitarian choices like sacrificing one person to save many or euthanasia, suggesting a stronger sense of the sanctity of human life.
A recent study by CAMH found that pre-menopausal women have higher levels of a brain protein called monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A), linked to depression. MAO-A breaks down brain chemicals that help regulate mood. The study suggests new opportunities for prevention, including dietary supplements and hormone replacement therapy.
A new study published in the Creativity Research Journal found that brain integration, or mind-brain development, is strongly correlated with creativity in product-development engineers. Higher levels of brain integration were associated with greater flexibility and originality in verbal and figural creativity tests.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that naloxegol increased bowel movements among patients with opioid-induced constipation, providing rapid and sustained relief without compromising pain management. The investigational drug is designed to block opioids from binding to receptors in the gastrointestinal t...
Scientists have identified a compound, 2-PMAP, that reduces amyloid proteins in the brain by over half and may be safe enough to be taken daily. The researchers hope it could be used to ward off Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers found that microRNA-155 is responsible for cleaving epithelial cells, creating microscopic gaps that allow toxins to reach the brain. This discovery helps explain diseases like multiple sclerosis and opens a new path for developing therapies that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
Scientists successfully erased and reactivated memories in rats by applying specific frequencies of light and electrical stimuli to the brain. This breakthrough study offers new hope for treating Alzheimer's disease, as it shows promise in strengthening or weakening synaptic connections that are weakened in the condition.
Scientists have confirmed that strengthened connections between neurons, known as long-term potentiation (LTP), underlie memory formation. The study used optogenetics to strengthen and weaken these connections in genetically engineered rats, successfully forming, removing, and reactivating a memory.
Indiana University researchers found that athletes can improve their performance even after being tricked, highlighting the brain's role in regulating exercise intensity. The study involved 14 trained cyclists who rode stationary bikes while being shown fake data, resulting in a 2.1% average improvement over baseline.
Researchers have discovered that asynchronous firing stimulates new branch formation in nerve cells, increasing connectivity despite weakening existing connections. This finding updates Hebb's model and provides new insights into brain development and neurodevelopmental disorders like autism and schizophrenia.
Scientists at TUM successfully demonstrated brain-controlled flight with high precision, exceeding requirements for a flying license test. They achieved this by using electroencephalography to convert brain waves into control commands, allowing pilots to control the plane without touching pedals or controls.
In a study published in Science, researchers found that fruit flies accumulate information before making decisions, suggesting a level of intelligence. The study identified a key gene, FoxP, involved in this process, which may also be linked to human cognitive development and language abilities.
A new study by University of Helsinki researchers found that brain aneurysm rupture risk is not significantly related to the aneurysm's size. Instead, smokers with high blood pressure are more at risk for rupture. The long-term study monitored patients over their entire lifetimes and contradicts previous findings on aneurysm treatment.
Researchers at the University of Southern Denmark have developed a natural sugar polymer that can carry drugs through the nasal wall and release them in the brain, addressing two major challenges in nasal delivery of brain drugs. The breakthrough could lead to more efficient treatment for chronic patients
Researchers demonstrated the ability to train brain patterns associated with empathic feelings using functional brain imaging. Volunteers who received neurofeedback showed improved brain network function related to tenderness and affection, key components of empathy. This finding may lead to new opportunities for investigating neurofee...
A new study reveals that the brain learns to hear by decoding rhythmic bursts of electrical activity from cells in the inner ear. The research suggests that abnormal rhythms may contribute to Central Auditory-Processing Disorders, which affect speech and language development in children.
Researchers found pregnant women exhibit stronger physiological responses to music, particularly in blood pressure, compared to non-pregnant counterparts. Music appears to have a prenatal conditioning effect on the fetus, influencing heart rate and movement patterns.
A recent study by Georgia State University researchers found that brain androgens promote good parenting in male fish. By altering their brain chemistry, scientists discovered that testosterone-like steroids enhance paternal care and protect developing eggs.
A Stanford electrical engineer has invented a way to wirelessly transfer power deep inside the body, paving the way for new 'electroceutical' devices to treat illness or alleviate pain. The technology uses roughly the same power as a cell phone and can safely penetrate deep into the body.