Articles tagged with Endocrine Glands
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Researchers discovered that levels of alpha-synuclein protein are decreased in people with Parkinson's disease, while levels of oligomeric alpha-synuclein are increased. This finding suggests that tears could be a reliable biological marker for the disease.
Researchers discovered that glands in the uterus must connect directly with the embryo for it to implant and begin a healthy pregnancy. The Vangl2 gene plays a crucial role in this process, producing molecules essential for embryo development.
Researchers have developed microscopic silk capsules that can protect sensitive molecules, such as natural silk proteins, antibodies, and other delicate molecules. These biodegradable capsules may enable the development of new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases by delivering drugs or vaccines intact to target organs.
Research reveals ground spiders produce exceptionally tough and stretchy silk, but less sticky than other piriform silks, allowing them to ambush prey quickly. The silk's unique properties are adapted to overcome larger prey and arachnids, highlighting the trade-offs in their hunting strategy.
Researchers have discovered a key connection between circadian clocks in the brain and peripheral organs, revealing how they synchronize their rhythms. The study found that a specific neuropeptide pathway enables communication between the central clock in the brain and peripheral clocks in organs like the prothoracic gland.
Researchers sequenced the golden orb-weaver spider's genome and identified over 14,000 genes, including those encoding spider silk proteins. The study revealed novel patterns and motifs in these genes that may explain the unique properties of different types of silk.
When an insect touches the Venus flytrap's sensory hairs, it triggers a chain reaction involving calcium and hormone jasmonate. The plant's glands then produce acidic vesicles filled with hydrochloric acid to decompose the prey.
Researchers at the University of Missouri have found that uterine glands produce several key factors for pregnancies beyond Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF), critical for embryo implantation. The study reveals uterine glands play additional roles in promoting pregnancy, including supporting embryo growth and development.
A recent study published in ACS' Journal of Proteome Research found that snake venom protein profiles vary depending on age, gender, and diet. The researchers discovered significant differences in venom gland proteins between infant and adult snakes, as well as between males and females.
Researchers at TSRI have made a breakthrough in treating aqueous deficiency dry eye (ADDE), also known as painful blindness, by injecting regenerative progenitor cells into the lacrimal gland. The treatment shows significant promise in restoring tear production and repairing damaged gland tissue.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that thymectomy significantly improves disease status measures, reduces need for corticosteroids, and decreases hospitalization needs in MG patients without a chest tumor. This confirms the early use of thymectomy as an effective treatment option for MG.
Researchers have discovered that swordfish use a large oil gland at the base of their bill to reduce drag and achieve super-fast speeds. This gland produces a surface that is super water-repellent, reducing drag by over 20%.
A recent study cataloged 18 independent evolutions of venom in freshwater and saltwater fishes, highlighting opportunities for therapeutic applications. The research also found that venom is predominantly used for defense rather than offense, with some species using it to debilitate prey.
Researchers at Mainz University discovered a new mechanism of neonicotinoids harming honeybees by reducing acetylcholine in royal jelly/larval food. High doses of neonicotinoids damage microchannels, jeopardizing normal development and survival.
Red-eyed treefrog embryos, thought to be helpless, are found to have evolved a quick-release mechanism to escape the egg prematurely. The study reveals that tadpoles can hatch up to two days ahead of schedule and use enzymes to create a hole in the egg membrane before escaping.
A new study reveals that a moth species, Paysandisia archon, exhibits behavior similar to butterflies, including using vision for partner-finding and not releasing pheromones. This convergence of traits is an evolutionary breakthrough in understanding sexual communication in Lepidoptera.
Ring-tailed lemurs combine wrist and chest secretions to create more complex scents, increasing the amount of information conveyed by a single dab. This mixture may also lock in fleeting aromas and boost their staying power.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic have developed a saliva gland test that can detect early Parkinson's disease. The test involves taking a biopsy of the submandibular gland, which has been shown to be effective in detecting the abnormal protein associated with the disease in 14 out of 19 patients.
Researchers at ETH Zurich are studying the Atlantic hagfish's remarkable slime to understand its structure, properties, and formation process. The slime, composed of protein threads and mucin, can immobilize vast amounts of water, making it a potential inspiration for creating novel super hydrogels with numerous applications.
Researchers at MUSC are exploring a new treatment for chronic pancreatitis using Alpha 1 anti-trypsin (AAT), which has shown promise in preventing diabetes and improving liver implantation. The study aims to examine the effects of AAT on human islets in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Research suggests differences in oil-secreting glands and dermis thickness contribute to wrinkle formation. The study, published in Clinical Anatomy, found shallower wrinkles on the forehead compared to the outer eye area.
The study found that Helicobacter pylori bacteria directly interact with stomach stem cells, causing them to divide more rapidly. This interaction is thought to contribute to the development of gastric cancer in humans. The researchers used 3-D microscopy to visualize the bacteria's impact on the stomach glands.
Researchers studied the 'garden centre spider' to understand how it spins ultra-fine filaments. The spider uses electrically charged threads to create 'catching wool', which is made of thousands of nano-scale filaments that are combed out and charged.
A recent study by Cornell University research found that symbiotic plants develop nectar glands to attract and feed protective animals like ants, leading to increased diversity in plant species over time. This mutualistic relationship allows plants to allocate energy resources to new traits and adapt to new environments.
Research by University of Iowa scientists reveals that cystic fibrosis causes a primary defect in mucociliary transport, resulting in impaired detachment of mucus from airway glands. This leads to airway obstruction, difficulty breathing, and increased susceptibility to lung infection.
Researchers found that hoopoes' eggs change from bluish-grey to greenish-brown when exposed to preen gland secretion, which contains antimicrobial properties. This color change may serve as a signal about the mother bird's breeding quality.
Researchers discovered that carbonic anhydrase generates CO2 and H+ ions, driving the conversion of soluble spidroins to solid silk fibers. The 'lock and trigger' model proposes pairing up N-terminal domains locks spidroins into a network, while C-terminal domain changes trigger rapid polymerization.
Israeli scientists developed a method to generate single-sex populations of prawns using gene silencing technology. This can boost commercial farm productivity and control invasive species. Non-reproducing prawns could also be used as sustainable bio-control agents against diseases and pests.
Dr. Kevin Conway and his team have made two groundbreaking discoveries in the study of Western Atlantic Clingfishes. The researchers identified a new species of clingfish less than an inch long and discovered a unique venom gland in a well-studied group of fish, highlighting the vast diversity and complexity of marine ecosystems.
Researchers found that sparing the contralateral submandibular gland during radiation therapy is possible with advanced stage cancers. The study involved 71 patients who received treatment to the bilateral neck, with no recurrences in the spared gland at a median follow-up of 27.3 months.
A nationwide study reports a three-fold increase in minimally invasive surgery rates for patients with pancreatic disease, resulting in reduced bleeding, infections, and shorter hospital stays. Surgery performed at teaching hospitals is associated with better outcomes and lower complication rates.
Researchers found that queen bees signal detailed information about their mating state and reproductive quality to workers, influencing colony dynamics. This honest communication may help explain the rapid rates of queen loss and turnover reported by beekeepers.
A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reveals that bacteria are responsible for conveying detailed information through scent posts of hyenas, allowing other animals to quickly gather information about their health and surroundings.
Researchers at Banner Sun Health Research Institute and Mayo Clinic are working together on a diagnostic test to identify early Parkinson's disease in patients. They believe that transcutaneous submandibular gland biopsy may provide the needed accuracy, as they look for a protein in the cells from patients with early Parkinson's disease.
Researchers found that sparing the contralateral submandibular gland reduced symptoms of dry mouth in patients with head and neck cancers. The study suggests a recommended maximum dose of 40 Gy for the gland, leading to improved patient outcomes.
A study by Helga Tinnesand and her colleagues found that beavers use anal gland secretions to assess their foes, with older sons detected as a greater threat. This allows established territory owners to accurately gauge the level of response required.
Researchers have discovered a potential new method for diagnosing Parkinson's disease by testing the saliva gland. The study found that abnormal proteins associated with the disease were consistently present in the submandibular salivary glands of patients, suggesting this non-invasive test could be used to diagnose living individuals.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic have discovered that testing a portion of the saliva gland may diagnose Parkinson's disease more accurately. The study found abnormal proteins associated with the disease in nine out of 11 patients, offering hope for improved diagnosis and treatment.
A simple test of eyelid sensitivity may help vision professionals evaluate one of the most common eye-related symptoms: dry eyes. Researchers found that increased lower lid sensitivity is related to hyperosmolarity of the tear film, suggesting a potential new approach to assessing tear osmolarity via lower lid sensitivity measures.
Researchers found a direct relationship between the brightness of European paper wasps' colours and the size of their poison glands. This colouration serves as an honest signal to predators that the wasp is strong and healthy, potentially wasting energy on bright patterns.
Researchers discovered that the stem cells essential for regenerating the parotid gland are mainly located in its major ducts, which can be easily avoided during radiotherapy. This technique could reduce complications and improve quality of life for head and neck cancer patients suffering from dry mouth syndrome.
Insect glands produce secretions that help sperm survive and guide fertilization in fruit flies, potentially providing clues to similar human reproductive glands. Mutant fruit flies with absent glands are infertile, but expression of a mouse gene can partially restore gland formation.
Georgia Health Sciences University researchers aim to identify early events in Sjögren's syndrome development to improve diagnosis and treatment. The study focuses on immune cells, particularly dendritic cells and T cells, to understand how the disease unfolds.
A new species of gall maker was discovered in the aphid genus Aleurodaphis in China's Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. The species, Aleurodaphis sinojackiae, forms leaf galls on Jack trees and has distinctive wax gland arrangements, shedding light on the unique characteristics of this plant lice.
A study of men with enlarged prostate found that increasing saw palmetto dosage did not improve urinary symptoms, contrary to previous studies. The study, published in JAMA, suggests that higher doses may not offer additional benefits over placebo.
Researchers found that neurons can prefer multiple signals simultaneously and choose based on competing signals. This discovery could lead to more efficient brain implant design for treating neurological disorders.
A recent study suggests that black-legged kittiwakes use body odor to determine genetic compatibility in potential partners. The research found distinct signatures of individual and sex-specific odors, which may play a role in mate choice.
A University of Alberta study found that submandibular gland transfer helps prevent radiation-induced dry mouth in cancer patients. The procedure improved speech but made swallowing more difficult, leading to nutritional issues and decreased quality of life.
A global consensus report defines meibomian gland dysfunction as a chronic, diffuse abnormality affecting the tear film. The report proposes a universal classification system and diagnostic tests to aid clinicians in diagnosing and managing MGD-related disorders.
A fundamental change in the genome of leaf beetles has emerged, resulting in the loss of salicylaldehyde-producing enzyme salicyl alcohol oxidase in birch feeders. This adaptation allows birch beetles to save resources by not producing the enzyme, which is only needed for willow feeders.
Dr. Rohan Walvekar's team has successfully removed a 20mm salivary stone using a robotic system, preserving the salivary gland and reducing blood loss, scarring, and hospital stay. This innovative technique offers a minimally invasive solution for patients with large salivary stones.
A new study shows flamingos deliberately apply pigments from their uropygial gland to their feathers for cosmetic and mating purposes. The birds modify the color of their plumage by rubbing their head on their neck, breast, and back feathers, which is more frequent during courtship displays.
Researchers at CSIRO Australia have successfully produced hand-drawn threads of artificial honeybee silk, rivalling the strength of natural silk. The breakthrough is a significant milestone towards developing biomimetic materials for various industries.
A new study reveals that at least 1,250 and possibly more venomous catfish species exist, with North American species using their venom mainly to defend against predatory fish. The research also sheds light on the evolutionary origins of catfish venom glands.
A recent study by Jeremy Wright has catalogued the presence of venom glands in 158 catfish species, suggesting that at least 1250 and possibly over 1600 species may be venomous. Catfish venoms are neurotoxic and hemolytic, causing severe pain, muscle spasm, and respiratory distress.
A new study has shown that Komodo Dragons' effectiveness lies in their unique combination of serrated teeth and venom. The venom was found to be rich in toxins that prolong bleeding and induce shock in victims, allowing the dragons to weaken and immobilize their prey.
Lemur males use scent glands on their bodies to advertise fitness and family relationships, with individual scents reflecting genetic quality. Researchers analyzed chemical components in ringtailed lemur scents using sophisticated machinery.
Researchers have identified a protein, NALP5, that plays a crucial role in autoimmune disorders such as APS-1. The discovery provides new insights into the first phase of autoimmune responses and opens up possibilities for developing treatments.
Scientists reveal that the adiponectin hormone plays a key role in increasing lifespan by burning fatty acids instead of glucose, reducing free radical damage. Meanwhile, researchers identify a new protein in spider silk, which could revolutionize our understanding of its mechanical properties.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine have found that Botox injections can reduce prostate size and alleviate urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Up to 73% of patients experienced improved quality of life and reduced symptoms for up to a year after treatment.