Island monkeys do not recognize big cat calls
Pig-tailed langurs on Mentawai islands show no alarm at tiger and leopard sounds but flee quickly from human voices. The study suggests animal behavior changes under relaxed selection pressures.
Ethology
Articles tagged with Ethology
Squirrels use snake scent
Researchers at UC Davis found that California ground squirrels and rock squirrels apply snake scent to themselves by picking up shed skin and licking their fur. This behavior helps mask the squirrel's own scent and deters snakes from attacking.
Pheromones identified that trigger aggression between male mice
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute and Harvard University discovered a family of proteins in mouse urine that elicit aggression response in males. The protein family, comprising the major urinary protein (MUP) complex, is recognized exclusively in the vomeronasal organ and activates specific sensory receptor neurons.
SourceNIH/National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders·JournalNature·DateDec 5, 2007
Northwestern study looks at sensing, movement and behavior
A Northwestern University study quantifies the volumes of movement and sensation in animals, defining three modes - collision, reactive, and deliberative. The findings apply to understanding behavioral control strategies in animals and can aid in designing autonomous robots and improving cockpit information systems.
Scientists find high-fat diet disrupts body clock
A Northwestern University study found that a high-fat diet disrupts the body's internal clock, causing animals to eat during their natural rest periods. The study suggests that this disruption can lead to negative effects on metabolism and increase the risk of obesity and diabetes.
Researchers: No faking it, crocodile tears are real
Researchers observed and videotaped four captive caimans and three alligators at the St. Augustine Alligator Farm Zoological Park, finding that five of the seven animals teared up as they ate. The cause of the tears is still unknown, but it may be related to air forced through the sinuses during feeding.
Females explain influence of past on future differently than males
Young girls and women are more likely to believe that negative past events predict future events, leading to increased worries, risk perception, and anxiety compared to boys and men. This knowledge develops during the preschool years and is essential for processing past trauma and making decisions.
Inside the brain of a crayfish
Researchers studied crayfish brain function, discovering integration of sensory inputs from antennae, legs, and antennules for environmental awareness and hunting success. Crayfish use distinct senses to detect food, predators, and mates in their aquatic environment.
Mice use specialized neurons to detect carbon dioxide in the air
Researchers discovered a unique set of olfactory neurons in mice that are sensitive to carbon dioxide, allowing them to detect the gas. This finding may have significant implications for how animals adapt to increasing atmospheric CO2 levels.
A brain chemical that battles despair
Studies reveal a gene-regulating protein that triggers coping mechanisms in mice exposed to inescapable stress, leading to reduced behavioral despair. The discovery provides an animal model for exploring how antidepressants work on the brain circuitry involved in stress response.
Birds take cues from their competitors
A new study reveals that female birds of two migrant flycatcher species can acquire a novel preference for nesting sites based on the apparent attraction of competing resident tits. This finding suggests that individual animals use information and make decisions, even from other species.
Evolution of animal personalities
Researchers propose that animal personalities evolve due to trade-offs between current and future reproduction, with cautious individuals investing more in future opportunities. This leads to populations with consistently risk-averse or risk-prone personality traits.
Mule deer moms rescue other fawns
A study by the University of Alberta found that mule deer mothers respond to distress calls from both their own and other species' fawns, often putting themselves at risk. This behavior defies traditional explanations for parental care and suggests a more primal instinct for survival.
Do fruit flies have free will?
A team of researchers analyzed fruit fly behavior and found it to be non-randomly generated by the brain, suggesting a mechanism for free will in animals. This discovery could lead to the development of robots with spontaneous behavior and help combat human disorders related to compromised spontaneity.
National Academy of Sciences elects 2 Brandeis University scientists to membership
Brandeis University professors Eve Marder and Chris Miller have been elected to the National Academy of Sciences in recognition of their outstanding research achievements. This honor brings Brandeis' total NAS membership to ten, reflecting the university's strong commitment to scientific excellence.
Does a peptide affect the heart's response to social isolation?
Researchers found that oxytocin improved heart rate and variability in isolated prairie voles. The peptide also reduced heart rate response to social stressors. These findings suggest a potential protective effect of oxytocin on cardiac function during social isolation.
Similar brain chemicals influence aggression in fruit flies and humans
A new study reveals that serotonin and neuropeptide F regulate aggression in fruit flies, similar to their effects on mammals. The findings suggest that the molecular and neural roots for complex social behavior are of ancient evolutionary origin.
Eavesdropping nuthatches distinguish danger threats in chickadee alarm calls
Researchers found that red-breasted nuthatches can distinguish between high and low danger threats from the alarm calls of black-capped chickadees. The nuthatches' behavior suggests they learn to interpret the calls through complex social interactions, highlighting their intelligence and adaptability.
SourceUniversity of Washington·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateMar 19, 2007
These legs were made for fighting
Human ancestors used short legs to gain a fighting advantage, helping males compete for females. The study analyzed nine primate species and found that shorter legs correlated with higher aggression indicators, including body weight and canine tooth size ratios.
Birds found to plan for the future
Researchers at the University of Cambridge have discovered that western scrub-jays plan for future food scarcity by caching food, anticipating potential shortages. This finding suggests that birds may also experience anxiety about the future, similar to humans.
Is there a pilot in the insect?
Researchers have discovered a reflex mechanism in insects that allows them to maintain constant speed and altitude, even in strong headwinds. By controlling lift force using the optic flow regulator, insects can fly safely without measuring their speed or altitude.
Prion disease treatable if caught early
Researchers found that early brain degeneration can be reversed if prions are depleted in neurons, leading to improved cognitive function and reversal of neurological pathology. This discovery opens new avenues for targeting neuronal prion protein as a therapeutic approach and may enable early intervention in human prion disease.
New technique holds promise for reducing back surgery failure
Researchers at the University of Texas Medical Branch discovered a potential method to prevent failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) by applying a local anesthetic, Lidocaine, to the exposed spinal cord before surgery. The technique successfully blocked the release of chemicals associated with FBSS and reduced sensitivity in rats.
SourceUniversity of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston·JournalExperimental Neurology·DateJan 25, 2007
Fish can determine their social rank by observation alone, study finds
In a groundbreaking experiment, researchers found that fish can use transitive inference to understand their place in the pecking order. By observing rival males fight and watching which rival they spent more time near, bystander fish could infer their relative strength and navigate social hierarchies.
Protein shown to rally biological clock
A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reveals that VIP synchronizes biological clocks, clarifying its role alongside GABA. Without VIP, cells lose synchrony, indicating its coordinator function.
SourceWashington University in St. Louis·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateNov 29, 2006
Chemical exchanges show wasps are bad losers
Researchers have discovered that female wasps release a potent gas when losing fights over larvae, which could help control crop-destroying pests. This finding has great potential for applied spin-offs in biological control.
Group decisions: From compromise to leadership in pigeon homing
A study on pigeon homing found that birds flying in pairs take more efficient routes home than alone, suggesting navigational benefits. The researchers discovered that compromise and leadership emerge from simple forces acting on the pigeons' behavior, resolving conflicts between individual preferences.
Groups and grumps: Study identifies 'sociality' neurons
Researchers identified 'sociality' neurons in bird brains, which promote positive affiliation and are more active in gregarious species. The study's findings have implications for understanding social behavior in animals, including humans.
SourceUniversity of California - San Diego·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateOct 23, 2006
Fruit fly aggression studies have relevance to humans, animals
Researchers identified genes affecting fruit fly aggression, finding a 10% genetic contribution to behavior. The study's findings have implications for understanding abnormal aggression in humans and developing pharmaceutical interventions.
Chronic alcohol exposure can affect brain protein expression
Researchers found five proteins overexpressed and three underexpressed in response to chronic alcohol exposure, affecting programmed cell death, cholesterol balance, and signal transduction. The study suggests a progressive increase in behavior disruption with prolonged exposure, highlighting the potential for new therapeutic targets.
Tight-knit family: Even microbes favor their own kin
Researchers at Rice University found that single-celled microbes can recognize and preferentially associate with their relatives, directing altruistic behavior towards them. This ability is similar to kin recognition observed in animals and has significant implications for the social evolution of species.
Forsyth scientists develop system for automated analysis of behavior
Researchers have developed a computer-controlled system to analyze animal behavior, allowing for rapid and efficient drug screening. The Forsyth Automated Training Apparatus enables automated control of the environment, recording animal reactions to stimuli, and providing valuable insights into cognitive abilities.
Mapping the neural landscape of hunger
Studies have mapped brain regions and feeding cycles, but this study records neuronal activity across a full cycle of hunger-satiety-hunger. The researchers found that populations of neurons change their activity over the different phases of a feeding cycle, reflecting the physiological state of the animals.
UW-Madison research part of international mercury conference
Researchers at UW-Madison presented studies on the ineffectiveness of fish advisories, the role of sulfate-reducing bacteria in mercury contamination, and the long-term consequences of in utero exposure to methylmercury. The findings highlight the need for improved communication, funding, and media coverage to address these issues.
Constant din of barking causes stress, behavior changes in dogs in shelters
A study found that constant barking in animal shelters can cause physical stress, behavioral responses, and anxiety. New designs, such as individual rooms with access to a play area, have been shown to reduce noise levels and promote social interaction among dogs.
SourceUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, News Bureau·JournalJournal of Applied Animal Welfare Science·DateJul 25, 2006
Studies suggest new brain protein may help in treating schizophrenia, insomnia and anxiety
Research on neuropeptide S suggests it can reduce biochemical and behavioral symptoms of schizophrenia, while also alleviating anxiety and promoting wakefulness. The study's findings indicate the NPS receptor could be a target for developing novel antipsychotic drugs.
Neuroendocrinology Congress June 19–22 to report new research on brain, hormones, behavior
Research studies will explore neuroendocrine changes throughout the lifespan, including potential secrets to longevity and stress reduction. The congress will also examine the links between nature and nurture in disease development and abnormal behaviors.
Who are we up against? Local vs. global competition influences cooperative behavior in humans
A new study examines how competition scales influence cooperative behavior in humans, finding that global competition leads to reciprocal cooperation and selfish conflict in local competition. The research suggests that the spatial scale of competition may drive evolutionary changes in social behavior.
Rhesus monkeys in Nepal may provide new alternative for HIV/AIDS research
Researchers found that Nepali rhesus macaques are genetically similar to Indian-origin animals, which could provide a new alternative for HIV/AIDS research. The study suggests that these animals may be representative of Nepali rhesus macaques in general, and their use in research could help address conservation concerns.
Live via satellite: Scientists to track Caspian Sea sturgeons
Scientists track Caspian Sea sturgeons using satellite technology for the first time, providing critical data for conservation efforts. The study aims to learn more about species biology and behavior, challenging long-held assumptions and contributing to better management of endangered populations.
SourceUniversity of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science·DateMay 23, 2006
Honeybee decision-making ability rivals any department committee
The study confirms that honeybees dance to report on real estate as part of their group decision-making process. The better the site, the stronger the waggle dance, which attracts other scouts to visit the recommended site.
Manipulating single cell receptor alters animal behavior
The study found that manipulating a specific signaling pathway in the AT1 receptor altered animal behavior, increasing salt intake without water consumption. This suggests that intracellular events can regulate behavioral states, providing new insights into angiotensin's role in mammalian behaviors.
Male loons change their tune with change in territory
A Cornell University study reveals that male loons modify their yodels when switching territories, adopting a new call to signal dominance. This unique behavior has significant implications for conservation efforts and may inform the development of non-invasive bird identification methods.
Scientists discuss evolutionary roots of social behavior
Researchers propose that social systems arose as a group defense mechanism against predators, citing studies on male muriqui networks and affiliative hormones in primate species. Positive behaviors like grooming and physical touch increase levels of social bonding hormones.
Social stress in mice is controlled by genetic pathway, researchers find
Studies show that deleting a specific gene called BDNF improves behavior in stressed mice, while also providing insight into the underlying molecular events involved. The researchers' findings have implications for understanding human ailments like social phobia and post-traumatic stress disorder.
Mice lacking social memory molecule take bullying in stride
Researchers discovered that mice without brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) exhibit increased BDNF and gene expression in response to social defeat, leading to improved social behavior. Antidepressants reverse this effect, suggesting a potential treatment for mood disorders.
Case biologists show that what a neuron can do is a function of mechanical context
Case scientists demonstrate that motor neurons' behavioral roles change depending on body positioning, with implications for developing robots and prosthetic devices. Their research provides the first demonstration of Bernstein's hypothesis in a behaving animal.
Dog owners hide the truth from shelters about their pets' behavioral problems
Researchers found that shelter dogs with behavioral issues were more likely to be reported as aggressive or fearful when owners believed their responses would be shared with staff. Honest owner assessments can help shelters identify troubled dogs and provide better care for both animals and potential adopters.
SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania·JournalJournal of the American Veterinary Medical Association·DateJan 30, 2006
Ahead of the game
A new study challenges prior models of behavioral and cognitive differences between Neanderthals and modern humans. Researchers suggest that the establishment of larger social networks allowed for more extensive division of labor and routine use of distant resources, potentially driving the replacement of Neanderthals in the Caucasus.
Armpit odour can exude women's fertility
Researchers found a correlation between armpit odor and female fertility, suggesting that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may play a role in reproductive health. The study suggests that women with higher VOC levels in their armpits may have better fertility prospects.
First demonstration of 'teaching' in non-human animals
Researchers at University of Bristol observed ants using 'tandem running' to teach each other routes, a behavior that meets the criteria for formal teaching. This discovery suggests that information value rather than brain size may drive the evolution of teaching in animals.
Psychologists make better shareholders
A study of 6,500 participants found that psychologists made bigger profits by bucking the trend and not following other investors. They attributed share prices to psychological effects rather than herd behavior.
Algal protein in worm neurons allows remote control of behavior by light
Researchers introduce a modified form of ChR2 in C. elegans neurons and muscle cells, allowing blue-light activation to trigger strong contraction and backing behavior. Electrophysiological experiments confirm the effects are due to ion flow caused by light exposure.
Why consumers make conflicting choices
Researchers found that pursuing a goal can liberate people to pursue another, incompatible goal. Making plans for a goal also leads to the immediate satisfaction of conflicting desires. The study aims to address the behavior of individuals holding multiple goals.
Social learning in noncolonial insects?
Researchers found that wood crickets hide more when others have experienced danger and continue to do so after they are gone. This suggests that social learning is possible in insects without large brains, questioning the assumption that it requires superior cognitive abilities.
Sudden change in social status triggers genetic response in male fish, study finds
A study by Stanford University researchers found that low-ranking male cichlids can quickly become dominant without a fight. They undergo rapid physical transformations, including changes in body coloration and the appearance of a prominent eyebar. This transformation allows them to defend their newly acquired breeding grounds.
Study: 'Run-down feeling' with illness may last longer as people age
Researchers found that older animals exhibited an exaggerated inflammatory response in the brain compared to younger adults when exposed to a peripheral infection. This led to prolonged sickness symptoms and cognitive disorders. The study suggests that normal aging may also prime microglial cells, making them overreact to infections.
SourceUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, News Bureau·JournalThe FASEB Journal·DateOct 11, 2005
Status and reproduction in humans: New evidence for the validity of evolutionary explanations
A positive relationship between male status and offspring count was found in a modern society subsample, indicating evolutionary forces may still be at work. This finding has implications for economics and management, explaining the striving for high and prestigious positions in men.
APS oxytocin/vasopressin conference: 13 highlighted presentations
Researchers presented findings on hormonal signaling systems in the brain, revealing a radical shift in understanding information processing. Oxytocin and vasopressin were found to play key roles in social cognition, anxiety, and schizophrenia, with potential applications for novel psychiatric treatments.
Larry Young on animals and autism clues, environmental impact on hormone brain function
Research by Larry Young on voles has shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying social attachment, which may hold clues for understanding autism. The study suggests that oxytocin and vasopressin play a critical role in modulating social behavior and shaping normal adult social behavior.