Articles tagged with Gastrointestinal Neoplasms
Researchers have found a high frequency of GISTs with NF1 gene mutations in the duodenal-jejunal flexure. This discovery highlights the importance of genomic testing for patients with GIST and potentially affected family members.
A Berlin study of patients with early-stage colon cancer has found that the MACC1 gene and DNA repair mechanisms can help determine prognosis and predict response to chemotherapy. Patients with low MACC1 levels and proficient mismatch repair status have a higher five-year survival rate.
Patients with right-sided primary tumours have a 36% better survival rate after treatment with a combination of first-line chemotherapy and selective internal radiation therapy, compared to chemotherapy alone. This treatment combination was no better than chemotherapy only in patients with left-sided primary tumours.
A new study suggests that adhering to a Mediterranean diet with high levels of fish and fruit consumption can significantly reduce the risk of advanced colorectal polyps. The researchers found that even minimal consumption of two to three components of the diet was associated with half the odds of advanced polyps.
A new study shows that liquid biopsies can provide more information than traditional tissue biopsies, helping doctors tailor care based on individual disease biology. The tests detected genetic mutations that made cancer resistant to treatment, allowing for better patient care.
Long-term colorectal cancer survivors who use NSAIDs experience a 25% reduction in all-cause mortality and a 40% survival benefit when taking the drugs after diagnosis for KRAS wild-type tumors
A new clinical study found that genetic defects in mismatch repair (MMR) pathway tumors can indicate successful response to PD-1 blockade immunotherapy. The trial showed pembrolizumab controlled disease in 66 patients and caused complete tumor disappearance in 18, with no recurrence for an average of 8.3 months.
A research team from IDIBELL has characterized the complete epigenomes of the most frequent tumors, including those of colon, lung and breast cancer. The study reveals that anti-cancer genes slow down their activity in cancer-affected organs, but also identifies alterations in distant chromosomal regions.
The omentum, a layer of fat over intestines, liver, and stomach, has immune functions and secretes hormones related to obesity. It also plays a role in cancer development, serving as a breeding ground for aggressive tumors.
Researchers found that co-administering an antibody that neutralizes tumor-released soluble MHC I chain-related molecule (sMIC) improves anti-CTLA4 therapy effectiveness and reduces treatment-related colitis. The combination therapy dramatically improves CTLA4 therapy response and avoids colitis, suggesting a new powerful immunotherapy...
A new study found that younger colorectal cancer patients have a higher tumor mutation load, with significant differences in gene mutations related to DNA repair, and may benefit from immunotherapies
Research reveals how hypoxia leads to inhibition of miR-34a, a key tumor suppressor, promoting metastasis and EMT. The findings suggest that targeting this process with drugs could be a therapeutic approach for treating metastasizing colon tumors.
Researchers have identified a new combination therapy that may improve survival for women with ovarian cancer by eradicating chemotherapy-resistant tumors. The treatment, involving carboplatin and birinapant, showed promise in mice and human tumor models, with 50% of samples responding to the therapy.
Researchers at MIT have developed a new CRISPR-based model for colon cancer that enables rapid simulation of the disease's progression and testing of new treatments. The model uses genetic mutations with CRISPR to recreate human-like tumors in mice, providing a valuable tool for scientists studying colon cancer.
The Neuroendocrine Tumor Research Foundation (NETRF) has awarded $4 million in grants to study neuroendocrine tumors, a widely misunderstood and misdiagnosed cancer type. Researchers will use genomic sequencing, gene editing, and bioengineering approaches to identify key vulnerabilities and develop personalized treatment options.
A phase 2 clinical trial of sacituzumab govitecan, an antibody-drug conjugate targeting Trop-2, achieved a response in 21 participants with advanced triple-negative breast cancer. The responses were early and durable, lasting up to 20 months, with improved overall survival.
Researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago report that increasing expression of cytokine LIGHT in mice with colon cancer activates the immune system's natural cancer-killing T-cells. This leads to a significant decrease in tumor burden, including primary tumors and metastatic tumors in the liver.
Research from the SWOG study shows that nearly one in four patients treated with Gleevec will survive 10 years, highlighting the importance of banked biospecimens to drive new scientific findings. The study also found significant survival rates for patients with specific KIT mutations.
Modified bacteria successfully infiltrated tumors and activated the immune system to eliminate malignant cells. In a mouse model of human colon cancer, the combination of Salmonella and FlaB shrunk tumors and prolonged survival.
A study at Technical University of Munich found that antibodies can activate human nerve cells within milliseconds, modifying their function. This knowledge improves understanding of illnesses associated with certain types of cancer and paraneoplastic syndromes, which occur when the body's autoimmune reaction attacks its own cells.
Lutetium-177-Dotatate has shown improved progression-free survival and response rates compared to octreotide alone in patients with advanced disease. The treatment also experienced higher risk of adverse events, but these were manageable and reversible.
Biomedical engineers at Duke University developed a new treatment approach using Salmonella bacteria to target glioblastoma, the most aggressive form of brain cancer. The modified bacteria produce anti-tumor compounds that kill cancer cells only in low-oxygen environments, showing promising results in rat models.
Researchers identified MMP9 as a tumor suppressor role in colitis-associated cancer (CAC), which is driven by chronic inflammation. The study found that MMP9 suppresses tumors by activating the MMP9-Notch1-ARF-p53 axis pathway.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have successfully tested nanodiscs in mice for personalized cancer immunotherapy. The therapeutic vaccine targets cancer mutations and generates T-cells that recognize unique neoantigens, leading to the elimination of cancer cells.
A study analyzing 740 early-stage NSCLC patients treated with SBRT found that Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SqCC) has a significantly higher rate of local failure compared to other histological subtypes. SqCCs are more resistant to SBRT, which may require treatment optimization based on histological subtype.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital discovered that NLRC3 protein plays a central role in inhibiting colon cells from becoming cancerous. The study found that deleting the protective NLRC3 protein exacerbates colon cancer development, but also identified key molecular components of its tumor suppressing pathway.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Roentgenology found that CT scans have good sensitivity for detecting colon cancers with tumors beyond the bowel wall, but struggle with identifying nodal involvement. Thin-slice CT may be an effective tool in this area.
A new study identifies the Hedgehog signaling pathway as a central driver of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), which are often resistant to current treatments. Researchers have found that targeting this pathway with arsenic may offer a new approach to treatment, potentially killing multidrug-resistant cell lines.
A new study published in JAMA Oncology found that left-sided primary tumor location is associated with a nearly 20 percent reduced risk of death. This difference was independent of many clinical factors like tumor stage and receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy.
Researchers developed a novel imaging probe that can detect hypoxic tumors with high specificity and sensitivity. The probe uses bioluminescence resonance energy transfer to generate NIR light only in HIF-active hypoxic cells, reducing off-target signals and increasing tumor-to-normal tissue ratio.
Researchers discovered that a protein called SPARCL1 can prevent the formation of new blood vessels, inhibiting tumor growth in patients with a good prognosis. In contrast, tumors with poor prognoses lack this protein, leading to continued tumor growth.
Researchers discovered that oral microbes like fusobacteria travel through the bloodstream to reach colorectal tumors, where they proliferate and accelerate cancer. The study sheds light on how these bacteria home in on tumors using a protein called Fap2.
Researchers developed a hydrogel patch that delivers gene therapy, chemotherapy, and thermal ablation to treat colon cancer. The patch achieves complete tumor remission in non-resected tumors and prevents recurrence when applied after surgery.
A new adhesive patch has been developed by MIT researchers to deliver a triple-combination of drug, gene, and photo therapy directly to tumor sites. The patch destroys colorectal tumors and prevents recurrence after surgery.
Researchers at UMass Medical School developed a Salmonella 'nanobug' mimic to deliver the protein SipA, which naturally reduces a well-known drug-resistant molecule found in many types of cancer cells. The nanobug dramatically boosts tumor sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs, shrinking colon and breast cancer tumors in mice.
A new rat study suggests that a specific strain of gut microbiota may reduce colon cancer risk and increase survival rates. The research found that rats with LEW microbiota developed significantly fewer tumors than those with other strains, providing new insight into the role of gut microbiota in cancer development.
The IBS team identified baicalein as a suitable antagonist to battle malignant cancerous cells, binding to mismatched DNA and causing cancerous cells to self-destruct. The research found that baicalein significantly shrunk MutSα-deficient tumors in mice models, offering a viable option for patients with DNA MMR deficient tumors.
Eating walnuts changes the gut microbiome in a way that suppresses colon cancer, with male mice developing 2.3 times fewer tumors when fed walnuts as part of a Western diet. This effect is likely due to walnut's anti-inflammatory properties and ability to promote a diverse gut flora.
A team of researchers has identified a protein called PITPNC1 that characterizes aggressive cancer cells. This protein enables cancer cells to spread through the blood vessels by penetrating tissue, allowing for earlier detection and potentially more effective treatments.
A new treatment advance has significantly lowered the risk of disease progression or death among patients with previously treated, advanced midgut neuroendocrine tumors. The novel drug Lutetium-DOTATATE has been found to offer an 80% reduced risk of disease progression or death compared to octreotide LAR.
Researchers discovered normal p53 gene action restrains transposons, mobile genetic elements that can lead to genomic instability. Disabling p53 allows transposons to erupt, causing disease.
Researchers discovered a novel pathway to cancer that involves the misfolding of the genome and IDH mutations. This disruption allows a potent growth factor gene to be activated by an always-on gene switch, leading to cancer growth.
A plant virus shell triggers a potent immune response in mice, wiping out tumors and preventing metastatic disease. The treatment, using cowpea mosaic virus nanoparticles, shows promise as an effective and low-toxicity alternative to traditional therapies.
Researchers found CTCs in 100% of patients with suspected tumors, but only 4% detected through peripheral blood. Portal vein samples provided more accurate tumor cell information, enabling better clinical decisions. The test could help predict patient outcomes and guide treatment options.
Researchers discover a link between colorectal cancer and melanoma treatment NT157, targeting both tumor cells and microenvironment to suppress cancer growth. The compound's dual mechanism of action shows promise in treating colon cancer with minimal damage to non-cancer cells.
Researchers discovered that introducing a specific strain of bacteria into mice with melanoma boosted their immune systems to attack tumor cells. The findings suggest that manipulating gut bacteria can improve immunotherapy outcomes, providing a new approach to treating cancer.
By analyzing the types of gut bacteria present around colorectal tumors, researchers found a correlation between microbiome composition and mutations in tumor cells. The study developed a method to predict mutation types based on microbiome analysis, which correctly identified about half of the most common mutations.
Kolltan Pharmaceuticals presents substantial tumor shrinkage with KTN0158 in dogs with spontaneous mast cell tumors, with favorable results from non-clinical toxicology studies. The company plans to file an IND for the drug candidate in oncology this year.
Researchers found molecular differences in younger-onset CRC tumors related to epigenetics and gene expression. This discovery could lead to tailored treatments for younger patients. The study analyzed genetic mutations in 126 under-50 patients and 368 over-50 patients, revealing distinctive patterns.
Researchers have shown that the mTOR inhibitor everolimus can delay tumour growth among both gastrointestinal and lung NETs, particularly for patients with lung tumours. The trial included 302 patients and found a 52% reduction in progression or death risk and a clinically meaningful improvement in median progression-free survival.
The study found that everolimus improved progression-free survival by 52% and increased median progression-free survival by over seven months in patients with advanced, nonfunctional neuroendocrine tumors. The treatment was well-tolerated, with common side effects including aphthous ulceration, rash, diarrhea, fatigue, and infections.
A phase III trial has shown that 177Lu-DOTATATE significantly improves progression-free survival in patients with mid-gut neuroendocrine tumours, a rare and hard-to-treat disease. The treatment outperforms standard care in terms of time without disease progression.
Researchers found that powdered cranberry combats colon cancer in mice by reducing tumor size and number. The study suggests that individual components of the fruit could lead to a better understanding of its anti-cancer potential, potentially leading to more effective treatments for colon cancer.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have discovered a key factor in colon cancer development, finding that suppression of microRNA families leads to intestinal tumors. The study reveals how protein Hmga2 promotes cancerous growth and is associated with advanced tumor stages and reduced survival.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center identified Ets family genes as contributors to glioma brain tumors. Blocking these genes may lead to novel treatment therapies.
Researchers found that reactivating a single gene turned colorectal cancer cells back into normal tissue within days, stopping tumor growth and eliminating signs of cancer. The study provides proof of principle for developing effective cancer treatments by targeting specific tumor suppressor genes.
Researchers found that patients with GIST are at higher risk of developing other sarcomas, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, carcinoid tumors, melanoma, and various types of colorectal, esophageal, pancreatic, and renal cell cancers. This association was particularly notable in smaller tumor sizes.
A new biomarker, PAS, has been identified to predict cetuximab response in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with wild-type K-ras. This finding could help physicians make better treatment decisions, improving patient outcomes.
A previously known gene has been found to act as a tumour suppressor by regulating accurate chromosome segregation. Reduced expression of the glucocorticoid receptor is associated with certain cancer cell types and malignant progression.
Two independent studies reveal that tumor-secreted molecule ImpL2 causes wasting syndrome, also known as cachexia, in fly cancer models. Researchers found that depletion of ImpL2 levels significantly reduced wasting in flies, suggesting new candidates for mediators of cachexia and novel therapeutic approaches.