Articles tagged with Gastrointestinal Neoplasms
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A new study demonstrates high rates of tumor death in patients receiving a preoperative chemotherapy and radiation regimen, suggesting a promising approach for treating high-grade soft tissue sarcomas. The regimen has been associated with significant but manageable toxicity and modest wound complication rates.
A study published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation has identified a new protein called SPARC that plays a crucial role in tumor therapy resistance. The researchers found that restoring SPARC expression in resistant cells improved their sensitivity to chemotherapy, suggesting potential therapeutic applications.
A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that two to three percent of people with colon cancer may have Lynch syndrome mutations. Prescreening for the syndrome can help determine genetic counseling and testing needs, as well as estimate patient prognosis.
Research found a high correlation between tumor responses based on tumor density and biologic changes in gastrointestinal tract tumors. Monitoring only tumor size to judge treatment effectiveness proved unreliable, highlighting the need to evaluate biologic changes as well.
Researchers found that imatinib partially regressed lesions and stabilized disease in patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. However, high toxicity was observed due to medication interactions, highlighting the need for optimized dosing schedules.
Researchers found that adding alcohol injections to RFA significantly improved treatment outcomes, eradicating 34 of 41 liver tumors with no bowel-related complications. The combination therapy also showed promise for treating large tumors and other types of tumors in the body.
A randomised trial found that doubling the daily dose of imatinib improves progression-free survival by 12% compared to a single daily dose. The study also showed no significant difference in treatment side-effects between the two groups.
Researchers have identified a way to exploit the body's natural protective mechanisms used by tumors to evade the immune system. By targeting an immunosuppressive enzyme called IDO, scientists may be able to create new cancer treatments that make tumors more vulnerable to the immune response.
A study of 192 patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) found that Glivec(R) interruption was associated with a high risk of re-progression. In contrast, continuous treatment showed no signs of re-progression within a year. Continuous Glivec(R) treatment is recommended for patients with advanced GIST.
The study found that transvaginal ultrasound provides superior imaging of the rectum and surrounding tissues, resolving rectal wall layers more clearly. Additionally, it is easier to perform with conventional ultrasound probes and causes less patient discomfort.
Researchers found that galectin-1, a molecule present in various tumor types, negatively impacts T cell survival and contributes to tumor progression. Inhibition of galectin-1 significantly reduces tumor formation in mice, highlighting its potential as a molecular target for cancer immunotherapy.
A study published in The Journal of Nuclear Medicine found that PET scans are more effective than CT scans in early assessment of patients' responses to imatinib mesylate therapy. The researchers concluded that 18F-FDG PET is an excellent prognostic tool for predicting treatment response in gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
Researchers found positive associations between history of first-degree relative, current smoking, and moderate to heavy alcohol use with increased risk of advanced neoplasia. Conversely, higher cereal fiber intake, vitamin D levels, and daily NSAID use were linked to lower risk.
Researchers have developed novel compounds that significantly improve anti-cancer therapy outcomes. The AvastinTM clinical trial shows that bevacizumab, an anti-angiogenesis agent, can slow or stop tumor growth and increase patient survival when combined with chemotherapy.
A recent study provides the first genetic evidence that damage to blood vessels feeding tumors plays a primary role in tumor regression. Damage to endothelial cells, which line blood vessels, can induce apoptosis, leading to tumor death. The study's findings suggest possible new clinical approaches for radiation therapy.
Researchers found that PPAR-g is abundantly expressed in human pituitary tumors, including non-functioning and hormone-secreting types. The study suggests that PPAR-g binding compounds may be suitable oral therapies for these tumors.
Researchers found that hypomethylation, a process triggered by some anti-cancer drugs, can cause tumors in mice. The study suggests that these drugs may do harm as well as good, and highlights the need for further research into the effects of hypomethylation on cancer development in different tissues.
Vanderbilt University Medical Center researchers found that blocking the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor EP2 may restore the immune system's ability to kill tumors. In mouse models, tumors grew smaller and mice survived longer when the EP2 receptor was absent.
Researchers have identified a mutated form of the enzyme PDGFRA, which is found in many body tissues and may trigger gastrointestinal stromal tumors. The study validates a novel molecular technology that can be used to find additional targets for cancer treatments.
Researchers at Temple University have discovered a possible link between the common human virus JC virus and colon cancer. The study found that the viral genome and proteins were present in malignant epithelial tumors in the large intestine, which may play a role in tumor development.
Researchers found imatinib inhibited tumor growth and cell proliferation in mice with human Ewing's sarcoma tumors, offering a potential new therapy for the disease. Higher concentrations of imatinib were needed to kill Ewing's sarcoma cells than other tumor cells.
Researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago have isolated a protein from bacteria that kills cancer cells without causing harm. The protein, azurin, was tested in mice with human melanomas and showed significant tumor shrinkage, with no deaths or adverse reactions.
A recent study found that rats fed a diet rich in black raspberries had 80 percent fewer malignant tumors compared to those without berries. The antioxidants in black raspberries, such as anthocyanins and phenols, were also shown to have a significant impact on reducing tumor size and oxidative damage.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center have identified a key signaling pathway involved in the development of precancerous polyps. The study found that blocking this pathway can prevent polyp formation and potentially colon cancer. By understanding how this pathway works, scientists hope to develop targeted treatments.
Researchers identified a novel gene alteration that contributes to colon cancer growth, suggesting a new target for diagnosis and treatment. The discovery also hints at the possibility of reversing methylation-based tumor progression, potentially leading to a non-invasive diagnostic test.
Researchers found that Egfr signaling is essential for intestinal tumor formation in mice, with 90% fewer polyps developing in one group. The study suggests a potential treatment approach using Egfr inhibitors for advanced colorectal cancers.
Scientists discovered a bacteria, Clostridium novyi, that thrives in oxygen-poor environments and destroys tumor cells. In mouse models, the bacteria was combined with chemotherapy to achieve dramatic results, completely destroying over half of the treated tumors within 24 hours.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center identified 10 genes that help cancerous tumors thrive under oxygen-deficient conditions. The discovery could lead to new treatments for deadly forms of cancer and has implications for other diseases like stroke and heart disease.
A new assay method has been developed to measure chromogranin A in peripheral blood, allowing clinicians to follow the outcome of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. This method could also serve as a diagnostic marker for other types of neuroendocrine tumor, such as small-cell lung cancer in smokers.
Researchers investigated enteral supplements' impact on AIDS patients, finding net increases in protein and energy intakes. However, fat-free mass did not increase for the group as a whole, but was inversely correlated with baseline synthesis of fat.
Researchers at UPCI have found that a steroid drug improves the effectiveness of a vitamin D analogue in killing cancer cells while reducing a potentially life-threatening side effect. The combination of dexamethasone and 1,25-D3 was more effective than 1,25-D3 alone in preventing tumor growth and reducing blood calcium levels.
Scientists have identified the gene responsible for Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, a rare autosomal inherited disease characterized by gastrointestinal polyps and an increased risk of various tumors. Mutations in the STK11 enzyme lead to its loss of function, triggering the development of polyps and cancer.
Researchers at the University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center have linked the PTEN gene to endometrial cancer in a study published in Nature Genetics. The findings suggest that up to 50% of all endometrial cancers may contain a mutation in this gene, highlighting the potential for improved detection and treatment options.