ESA research news: March 31, 2022
A new study reveals that leafcutter ants employ complex strategies to maximize the growth of their fungal
Insects
Articles tagged with Insects
Flowers' unseen colors can help ensure pollination, survival
Research at Clemson University reveals that flowers use UV-absorbing chemicals to create a 'bulls-eye' effect for pollinating insects, aiding survival. Plants adapt to different environments by producing varying amounts of UV-blocking or absorbing chemicals.
Environmentally conscious consumers more likely to buy chicken raised on insects or algae
A University of Alberta study found that environmentally aware consumers are more inclined to buy insect- or algae-fed chicken if provided with information about its health and environmental benefits. Consumers who received nutrition facts on the packaging were more likely to purchase the alternative product, while those without this i...
Bacteria-shredding insect wings inspire new antibacterial packaging
Scientists developed a natural antibacterial texture inspired by insect wings, killing up to 70% of bacteria. The innovation aims to reduce food waste, particularly in meat and dairy exports, and extend the shelf life of packaged food.
How the Chagas pathogen changes the intestinal microbiota of predatory bugs
Researchers found that Chagas trypanosomes change the bacterial community in predatory bugs' intestines, leading to a decrease in diversity and an increase in certain pathogenic bacteria. The study also identified four bacteria species crucial for bug survival, which could be used to develop defensive substances against the parasite.
Surprise findings suggest mosquito odor sensors are sensitive to molecular regulation to avoid insect repellants
Researchers found that mosquitoes' odor sensors shut down when forced to produce odor-related proteins, ignoring common insect repellents. This 'expression' process allows mosquitoes to adapt to their surroundings and avoids human scents.
Hoverfly brains mapped to detect the sound of distant drones
Australian researchers have mapped the visual systems of hoverflies to detect drones' acoustic signatures, showing a 30-49% improvement in detection rates compared to traditional methods. The technology has potential applications for aviation safety and combatting IED-carrying drones.
SourceUniversity of South Australia·JournalThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateMar 15, 2022
In a surprise move, honeybee tongue hairs repel water
Researchers discovered that honeybee tongue hairs are hydrophobic, allowing the tongue to bend and reach food in crevices. This unique property enhances durability and flexibility, inspiring design of new materials.
We should be eating more insects and using their waste to grow crops, says plant ecologist
Using insect exoskeletons and feces to promote sustainable crops could enhance plant growth, health and resilience. Insect-rearing byproducts may also act as pest control agents.
Mineralization of amber insects provides new view of amber taphonomy
Researchers discovered calcification and silicification of insects in Kachin amber, preserving complete compound eyes, cuticle structures, and skin sensillae. The study sheds light on the role of mineralization in preserving fossils and challenges existing views on amber taphonomy.
Insect wingbeats will help quantify biodiversity
Researchers at the University of Copenhagen have developed an AI method to recognize and detect insect species based on their wingbeats, enabling easier monitoring of biodiversity. The method uses infrared sensors to measure wingbeats and group insects into different species without human input.
Biology: Mosquitos learn to avoid pesticides after single non-lethal exposure
Female mosquitoes learn to avoid pesticides after a single exposure, allowing them to seek out safer food sources and resting sites. The study found that pre-exposed mosquitoes were more likely to avoid pesticide-treated nets and rest in pesticide-free containers.
Temperature, reproduction link holds promise for insect control
Scientists have identified a link between temperature and insect reproduction, finding that cold temperatures slow down reproduction in fruit flies and other insects. This discovery could lead to new control strategies for mosquitoes and agricultural pests, potentially reducing the spread of diseases like malaria.
Hidden diversity: When one wasp species is actually 16 wasp species
A new study identifies at least 16 distinct wasp species previously grouped as one, Ormyrus labotus, which lays eggs in over 65 insect species. The discovery highlights the importance of seeking out hidden diversity and underscores the need for precise identification to understand ecosystem health.
Gene editing now possible in ticks
Researchers successfully edited the genomes of black-legged ticks using CRISPR-Cas9, overcoming technical challenges and advancing tick genetic research. The study's findings have significant implications for understanding tick-pathogen-host interactions and developing new approaches to tick-borne disease control.
New fossil reveals origin of arthropod breathing system
A new fossil discovery at the Chengjiang Fossil Site has provided a crucial link in understanding how arthropods evolved specialized limbs for breathing. The 520-million-year-old Erratus sperare organism has revealed the origins of biramous limbs, found in modern water-dwelling arthropods.
SourceUniversity of Manchester·JournalPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences·TypeObservational study·DateFeb 7, 2022
Mosquitoes are seeing red: These new findings about their vision could help you hide from these disease vectors
New research reveals mosquitoes use red and orange colors to detect hosts, influenced by their sense of smell. By filtering out these colors or wearing specific attire, individuals can potentially prevent mosquito bites, reducing the risk of diseases like dengue and Zika.
Rise of termite clone queendoms offers clue to curb invasions
Researchers discovered all-female, forest-dwelling drywood termite colonies in Japan and found they evolved through human-assisted hybridization, leading to stronger offspring and double breeding. This can outcompete incumbent species, posing a risk to homeowners with drywood termite infestations.
Zoologist solves the 100-year-old mystery of the floating phantom midge
Researchers discovered that Chaoborus larvae adjust their air-sacs' volume by changing the pH level, utilizing resilin's elastic properties. This unusual adaptation enables them to float neutrally buoyant in water.
SourceUniversity of British Columbia·JournalCurrent Biology·TypeObservational study·DateJan 26, 2022
Amber fossil reveals new clues about ancient cockroach ecology
A 100-million-year-old cockroach fossil provides insights into its sensory organs, which suggest the species lived in bright environments during the day. The study found that the extinct species had well-developed eyes and a unique pattern of receptors on its antenna, indicating it may have used these to communicate between sexes.
Biologists discover new insect species at Rice University
Researchers at Rice University have discovered a new insect species, Neuroterus valhalla, alongside its fully sequenced genome. The tiny wasp spends most of the year in a crypt and has unique life cycle habits.
Scientists find previously unknown jumping behavior in insects
Researchers at North Carolina State University have discovered a unique jumping behavior in the larvae of a species of beetle, where they curl into a loop and leap forward. The mechanism behind this behavior is distinct from other insects that rely on a latch-mediated spring actuation mechanism.
Trees call for help from birds and predatory insects
Researchers found that trees that induce defense mechanisms against herbivores attract more predators, reducing insect abundance. This defense is critical for tree canopies and promotes biodiversity.
SourceGerman Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig·JournalEcology Letters·TypeObservational study·DateJan 17, 2022
Insects: How farmers can be better engaged in species conservation
A new study found that farmers are extremely knowledgeable about pollinators and have taken initiatives to protect insects on their farms. However, more flexible funding options and cooperation between research and practice are needed to realize their full conservation potential.
SourceMartin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg·JournalGlobal Ecology and Conservation·TypeSurvey·DateDec 16, 2021
Benefits of cacao farms for birds and bats
Research found that cacao agroforestry systems support unique bird species in tropical dry forests, while bats are more abundant in these areas than in nearby forests. This suggests that cacao farms can serve as biodiversity-friendly oases, providing food and refuge for birds and bats.
SourceUniversity of Göttingen·JournalAgriculture Ecosystems & Environment·TypeObservational study·DateDec 15, 2021
Citrus greening disease can infect an entire tree weeks before symptoms appear
Scientists have measured the speed of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, a bacterium causing citrus greening disease. The bacteria can colonize a tree in around 80-100 days, faster than symptoms appear, making it difficult to control.
SourceAmerican Phytopathological Society·JournalPhytopathology·TypeExperimental study·DateDec 14, 2021
Queen’s genes determine sex of entire ant colonies
A study by UC Riverside scientists has identified a set of genes on a single chromosome associated with the production of male or female offspring in ant colonies. The discovery sheds light on the complex relationships between genetics and environmental factors in shaping the sex ratio of these societies.
SourceUniversity of California - Riverside·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateDec 14, 2021
City allotments match farming productivity per square metre
A citizen science project found urban growers in Brighton and Hove harvested 1kg of insect-pollinated fruit and vegetables per metre squared, comparable to conventional farming. Urban farming benefits biodiversity and human health while offering sustainable and productive alternatives.
Finding new channels to selectively target pest insects
Scientists have discovered new targets for insecticides by analyzing the structure of potassium channels in Drosophila. The study provides a detailed map of the channel, enabling the design of highly selective and safe insecticides.
SourceMax Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology·JournalNature Communications·TypeExperimental study·DateDec 14, 2021
The sky’s the limit: Using airborne DNA to monitor insect biodiversity
Researchers at Lund University have successfully detected insect DNA in the air, offering a novel approach to monitoring terrestrial biodiversity. This method, known as airborne DNA metabarcoding, allows for the detection of multiple species from single samples and could accelerate biodiversity surveys.
Climate-only models likely underestimate species extinction, study finds
Current climate models underestimate species extinction rates by neglecting the complexities of ecosystems. Researchers used piñon pine data to model how climate affects tree populations and distribution, finding indirect effects that cannot be captured by climate-only models.
Streetwise bees cut corners to find food
New research shows that bumblebees waste no time enjoying flowers but instead learn the bare minimum about where to land and find food. Bees extract just the necessary information from artificial flowers, suggesting a simple, low-effort form of learning is sufficient in some situations.
How well are alternative feedstuffs received by the end consumer?
Researchers investigated how providing information about alternative feedstuffs impacts consumer preferences. They found that consumers are more likely to prefer insect-based feed due to sustainability claims. The study emphasizes the importance of labelling and transparency for the acceptance of these alternatives.
Snow monkeys fish in the winter (non-human primates that reside in the coldest habitat)
Research reveals Japanese macaques in Kamikochi feed on aquatic insects and molluscs, supplementing their winter diet with high-nutritional value food sources. The unique behavior is attributed to the region's topography and hydrological environment, providing a stable food source for the macaques.
A star in subtropical Japan: a new species of parasitoid wasp constructs unique cocoon masses hanging on 1-meter-long strings
Researchers discovered a new species of parasitoid wasp that forms star-shaped cocoon masses suspended by threads up to 1 meter long, providing protection against natural enemies. The structure can accommodate over 100 cocoons and is believed to help the wasps survive during critical periods.
First moth species on Alpenrose discovered
A previously unknown glacial relic, the Alpine rose leaf-miner moth, has been discovered in the Alps. The caterpillars specialize on the rust-red alpine rose, avoiding it like most other moths and butterflies due to its toxicity.
Logistical Herculean tasks
A team of researchers developed a sophisticated study design to investigate the effects of climate change and land use on species diversity. The design allowed for the selection of 179 study sites across Bavaria, taking into account various factors such as habitat size, distance to other habitats, and land use patterns.
SourceUniversity of Würzburg·JournalMethods in Ecology and Evolution·TypeObservational study·DateNov 22, 2021
Press tips for the 74th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics
The 74th APS Division of Fluid Dynamics Annual Meeting featured presentations on COVID-proofing daily life, kimchi physics, and extreme heat waves. Researchers also discussed advancements in fire-fighting trees and the science behind jellyfish engineers.
Giant hornet attacks cause honeybee alarm buzz in hives
A new study reveals that Asian honeybees use distinct signals to alert nestmates of giant hornet attacks, employing a sophisticated communication system. The research found that these signals are designed to get the attention of colony members and convey a sense of urgency.
SourceUniversity of Guelph·JournalRoyal Society Open Science·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 10, 2021
Rising temperatures overcook bumblebees’ brunch
A new study reveals that climate change is altering the balance of microbes in nectar, making it less palatable for bumblebees. This could lead to a decline in pollinator populations and affect human health by reducing fresh food availability.
SourceUniversity of California - Riverside·JournalMicrobial Ecology·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 10, 2021
Researchers detect a diffusion barrier inside fly brain
A team of researchers from the University of Münster has identified a second barrier in the fly brain, formed by glial cells that regulate molecule distribution. The discovery is essential for understanding nervous system functioning and may have implications for human neural health.
History of insect invasions offer insight into the future
A recent USDA study analyzed two centuries of alien species discoveries to estimate the rate of new insect arrivals and potential future invasions. The research found that efforts to reduce biological hitchhiking on live plant imports have been successful, but a significant number of Hemiptera insects remain undetected.
SourceUSDA Forest Service - Northern Research Station·JournalScience Advances·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateNov 3, 2021
Hungry caterpillars an underappreciated driver of carbon emissions
A University of Cambridge study reveals that periodic caterpillar outbreaks improve lake water quality but increase CO2 emissions by altering nutrient cycling and favouring greenhouse gas-producing bacteria. This phenomenon is likely to worsen as climate change expands the insects' range, threatening northern forests.
Honeybees use social distancing to protect themselves against parasites
Researchers found that honeybee colonies modify their social interactions and movement patterns in response to parasite infestations, increasing social distance between young and old bees. This adaptation helps reduce the spread of diseases while maintaining beneficial social behaviors.
Linking the past and present: Reconstructing the dragonfly and damselfly family tree
A team of researchers has reconstructed the evolutionary history of dragonflies and damselflies, determining when they first emerged around 200 million years ago. The study provides the most comprehensive divergence time estimates for Odonata to date.
Trigonopterus corona, the new species of tiny beetle named after the coronavirus
Scientists discover 28 new species of Trigonopterus beetles, including T. corona, named after the coronavirus and Star Wars characters. The discovery fills a gap in understanding Sulawesi's geological history and biodiversity.
Insect digestive enzyme activates sugar-containing plant defence substance
Researchers discovered that an insect digestive enzyme removes sugar from a plant defense compound, promoting larva growth on dandelion plants containing the compound. This process also leads to the larva avoiding plants with high concentrations of the compound.
Termite brains can grow in anticipation of a single moment of flight and light
Dampwood termites exhibit brain changes in anticipation of cognitive demand, specifically in visual processing regions. This experience-expectant plasticity is seen before the individual molts into a king or queen, highlighting the insects' adaptability and unique role within the colony.
WVU researcher’s insect-inspired robots could advance space exploration, agriculture and mining
Researchers are developing insect-like robots for agriculture, mining, and space exploration using dynamic force sensing and agile movement. The goal is to create robots that can navigate difficult terrains and interact safely with humans.
Insects in the light of land use and climate
A new study published in Nature Communications finds that insect biomass is higher in warmer temperatures, while diversity declines in agricultural environments compared to semi-natural habitats. Researchers recommend increasing green spaces in urban areas and promoting forest habitats to mitigate climate change.
Desert locusts remain a serious threat to Pakistan
A severe upsurge of desert locusts in 2019-2020 caused $3.4 billion to $10.21 billion in monetary losses and severe acute food insecurity for over 3 million people in Pakistan. The authors suggest improving the prevention system, developing compensatory measures, and increasing the use of alternative pesticides.
New research links tree health to how birds respond to climate change
Researchers found that great tits nesting near healthy oak trees advance their egg-laying timing more than those near unhealthy oaks. The variation in timing is linked to the health of nearby oak trees and reveals patterns masked by population-wide studies.
A novel fly species described from Finland
A new fly species, Scenopinus jerei, has been officially described from Finland, belonging to the primitive and species-poor family of window flies. The species is found in boreal forest habitats and is widespread but rare in Finland, with its larvae preying on other insects.
Rapid increase in global light pollution
A new study found that global light pollution has increased significantly over the past 25 years, with the true increase potentially being much higher. The study, led by the University of Exeter, reveals that the transition to solid-state LED technology has masked the impact of light pollution in many regions.
New technology designed to genetically control disease-spreading mosquitoes
Researchers at UC San Diego develop precision-guided sterile insect technique (pgSIT) to control mosquito populations. The system uses CRISPR to alter genes linked to male fertility and female flight in Aedes aegypti, reducing disease transmission.
SourceUniversity of California - San Diego·JournalNature Communications·TypeExperimental study·DateSep 10, 2021
Insect protein has great potential to reduce the carbon footprint of European consumers
Researchers found that insect protein has great potential to reduce global warming associated with food consumption in Europe, especially when used in broiler meat production. Using edible insects or low-value food industry side stream products can increase the carbon footprint benefits of using insect protein over soybean meal protein.
The history of insects living on the open ocean tracked with the history of the currents they ride
Researchers tracked insect evolution with major Pacific Ocean currents, revealing species adapted to different conditions. Genetic analysis of ocean skaters found distinct variations among species, mirroring changes in currents and climate.
Study reveals drastic decline of subtropical aquatic insects
A study published in Biology Letters reveals a drastic fall in the number of aquatic insects in the Paraná River basin due to dam construction. The research, conducted over 20 years, found that dams alter the nutrient balance and provide a clearer water environment, making insects more vulnerable to predation.
Palm tree disease in Florida transmitted by traveling bug from Jamaica
A study found that palm phytoplasmas in Florida were transmitted by the American palm cixiid bug, originating from Jamaica. The research revealed a network of movement across the Caribbean basin, with distinct groups of insects found in different countries.
SourceAmerican Phytopathological Society·JournalPhytoFrontiers™·TypeExperimental study·DateSep 1, 2021
Deadwood in the global carbon cycle
The study reveals that climate change affects the rate of decomposition and insect contributions to deadwood, releasing approximately 10.9 giga-tons of carbon worldwide annually