Articles tagged with Liver
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Researchers at the University of California, San Diego, have developed a new high-throughput cellular array technology that can identify the biological components leading to or alleviating liver disease. By controlling the environment surrounding star-shaped liver cells, they found critical proteins regulating HSC activation.
Researchers at Medical College of Wisconsin successfully produced patient-specific liver cells from skin cells, enabling potential treatment of metabolic liver diseases. The study builds on previous work by James Thomson and colleagues, showing that skin cells can be reprogrammed into embryonic stem cells.
A human liver fluke contributes to the development of bile duct (liver) cancer by secreting granulin, a growth hormone that causes uncontrolled cell growth. The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies the parasite as a Group I Carcinogen.
Researchers found that patients with mild to moderate liver coma survived nearly 2.5 times more with N-acetylcysteine treatment than placebo, offering a new glimmer of hope for those affected by non-acetaminophen acute liver failure.
A study by researchers from the University of Colorado found that hepatologists believe metabolic complications are common in liver transplant patients but poorly controlled. The majority of respondents felt that these complications significantly contributed to morbidity and mortality 10 years after transplantation. Barriers to control...
A recent study found a causal link between aberrant sustained hepatic LT?R signaling and the development of chronic hepatitis-induced liver cancer. Elevated lymphotoxin expression in the liver leads to inflammation and cancer progression.
Researchers have developed innovative strategies to eliminate the hidden reservoir of HIV-1 from immune cells, keeping it under control. In another breakthrough, scientists found a way to transiently keep hepatitis C virus levels down in treated patients receiving a new liver transplant.
Researchers at Hiroshima University developed a method to temporarily control HCV levels in patients receiving new livers. Activated immune cells from donor livers were infused into patients, reducing viral activity despite immunosuppressive treatment. Further studies aim to improve this approach.
A large-scale study has found a strong association between metabolic syndrome and elevated liver enzymes in obese adolescent males. The researchers also discovered an ethnic difference between Hispanic and non-Hispanic male participants.
Human liver cyst walls develop vascular structures, driving cell proliferation and growth. Inhibiting VEGF receptor signaling blocks angiogenesis, a promising approach to prevent liver cyst expansion in ADPKD patients.
Researchers at Penn State College of Medicine have identified a population of cancer stem cells in the liver prior to tumor formation. These malignant stem cells have been found to be resistant to chemotherapy and are thought to play a key role in driving liver cancer formation. The study suggests that targeting these cells could poten...
A study published in World Journal of Gastroenterology found that HBV genotypes B and C were the major genotypes in Indonesia, with genotype B being predominant. The study also identified associations between certain mutations and liver disease progression.
A study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology evaluated 76 cases of living donor liver transplantation and found that the Chengdu formula is reliable. The other formulas, such as Fan and Heinemann, underestimated liver volume, while Urata and Lee overestimated it.
Researchers are designing liver mimics that can eventually form the basis for extracorporeal liver-assist devices. The primary research goal is to assemble 3D cellular structures that mimic the liver, capturing precise spacing between different cell types.
Researchers at UC Riverside found that second-hand cigarette smoke exposure can lead to fat accumulation in liver cells, causing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The study highlights the potential for targeting molecular regulators SREBP and AMPK to develop new treatments for NAFLD.
Researchers found that 4 weeks of aerobic cycling exercise reduced hepatic triglyceride concentration and visceral adipose tissue volume in obese individuals, leading to lower risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This study suggests that regular physical activity can benefit liver health without relying on weight loss.
Researchers at UNC Chapel Hill have discovered a genetic risk factor for severe liver disease in people with cystic fibrosis, specifically the SERPINA1 gene variant. Those carrying this variant are five times more likely to develop cirrhosis and other liver complications than those with the normal version of the gene.
Researchers discovered that PPAR-alpha's sumoylation process regulates gender-specific gene expression and protects female mice from estrogen-induced liver disease. This finding suggests potential new approaches to prevent this condition by targeting PPAR-alpha agonists.
A University of Pittsburgh study found that women, blacks, and Medicare recipients are less likely to be evaluated for liver transplantation. The research followed 144,507 patients hospitalized with liver-related conditions, revealing disparities in the evaluation process.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic found high-dose ursodeoxycholic acid to be detrimental in treating primary sclerosing cholangitis. The six-year trial showed that serious adverse events were more common in the high-dose group, highlighting the need for further research on better treatment options.
A recent study found similar waitlist and post-transplant outcomes among Asian Americans, African Americans, and Caucasians with HBV. However, Caucasians had a higher rate of HBV recurrence, which needs further validation.
A study found that low tacrolimus doses are effective in living donor liver transplant recipients with small-for-size grafts, indicating potential benefits for rational administration of tacrolimus. The research team recommended relatively low tacrolimus doses for patients receiving SFS grafts.
A study found that CD14 rs2569190/C-159T gene variants are associated with the formation of portal lymphoid aggregates in chronic hepatitis C patients. These aggregates were also correlated with moderate and severe hepatic inflammation, but not with fibrosis progression.
Researchers found that excess liver fat is linked to metabolic problems such as insulin resistance and high blood triglycerides. Losing weight can reverse fatty liver disease, with even brief calorie restriction showing significant reductions in liver fat.
A recent study led by Keith Lindor found that patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) who received high-dose ursodeoxycholic acid experienced poorer clinical results compared to those receiving a placebo. The therapy was associated with an increased risk of death, transplantation, and liver damage.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) enhances visualization of hepatic arteries, portal veins, and bridging veins, as well as liver graft parenchyma perfusion. CEUS has high sensitivity and specificity for detecting vascular complications after liver transplantation.
A spot urine test has been developed to monitor dietary sodium compliance in patients with liver disease and ascites. The study found adequate accuracy for the spot urine test, making it a valuable tool for identifying non-compliant patients.
Research in cirrhosis patients reveals low bone formation and increased resorption leading to fragile bones. The study highlights the importance of correcting factors such as inadequate sunlight exposure, reduced physical activity, and vitamin D deficiency to improve bone health.
The study found that bilateral liver resection was safe with zero surgical mortality and a postoperative morbidity rate of 28.7%. The short- and long-term outcomes were also satisfactory, with a stone recurrence rate of 7.9% and an acute cholangitis rate of 6.5%.
Researchers found that a gut hormone called cholecystokinin (CCK) activates receptors to regulate glucose levels via a gut-brain-liver neuronal axis. CCK's effects depend on activation of CCK-A receptors, which slow down glucose production in the liver.
Patients with BMI under 18.5 kg/m2 had higher retransplantation rates due to graft failure, and were more likely to die from hemorrhagic complications or cerebrovascular accidents. Patients with BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 experienced higher death rates due to infectious complications and cancer.
Researchers identified a substance in the liver that helps process fat and glucose, which is also a component of the common food additive lecithin. Lecithin products may one day be used to control blood lipids and reduce risk for diabetes, hypertension or cardiovascular disease
Studies reveal that hepatitis C virus carriers have a significant increase in mortality, with liver-related deaths being the leading cause. The research found that monitoring HCV load and ALT levels may be crucial for identifying high-risk individuals, particularly older carriers who are less responsive to treatment.
A study found that adjusting the Fibroscan probe position can significantly alter liver stiffness measurements, with potential implications for diagnosing advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. The researchers suggest a more anterior probe position may improve test applicability and reduce false positives.
Researchers discovered elevated populations of NK cells in the bile ducts of infants with biliary atresia, which led to tissue damage. Blocking the Nkg2d receptor and depleting NK cells prevented damage to bile duct surface tissues.
A landmark study finds that treatment with either of two standard antiviral drug therapies is safe and offers the best way for people infected with hepatitis C to prevent liver scarring, organ failure and death. The study showed that treating patients in early or less advanced stages of the disease leads to higher success rates.
BA profiling in IBD patients showed decreased levels of certain BAs, while UC patients with liver and gallbladder diseases exhibited increased primary and secondary BAs. The study also found accelerated detoxification activity in IBD patients and a significant increase in primary and secondary BAs in UC patients with extraintestinal ma...
Researchers found that prolonged HAART use can better control HBV and delay or prevent liver complications. Patients with elevated liver enzymes before treatment were at increased risk of cirrhosis, highlighting the importance of monitoring these patients.
The study found that molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) treatment is effective in patients with acute liver failure. The etiology of liver failure and the grade of encephalopathy before MARS treatment were significant prognostic factors, while coagulation factor 5 levels were also predictive for unknown etiologies.
Researchers have identified a potential tumor suppressor gene, CST5, that mediates the anticancer effects of vitamin D3 in human colon cancer cells. The study found that cystatin D protein inhibited the growth of colon cancer cells and was induced by vitamin D3, suggesting its role as a candidate tumor suppressor gene.
Researchers found that patients with elevated serum creatinine, on life support, and children under 18 whose liver failure was caused by antiepileptics had poorer outcomes. A prognostic model developed by the study showed strong predictive ability for survival after transplantation.
A new study found that exercise counseling leads to significant improvements in physical activity, fitness, and liver health in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Patients who increased their physical activity had better metabolic indices, including lower liver enzymes and improved insulin resistance.
A study found that diets high in protein and cholesterol increase the risk of hospitalization or death due to cirrhosis or liver cancer, while those high in carbohydrates reduce the risk. The study also identified associations between dietary nutrient composition and liver disease progression.
The European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) has renewed its publishing partnership with Elsevier for five years, with the flagship journal Journal of Hepatology being published monthly. EASL is a leading liver association in Europe, promoting research and education in hepatology.
This study investigated microproteinuria as an indicator for CNI-related nephrotoxicity in liver transplant recipients. Microproteinuria, including β2-microglobulin and α1-microglobulin, was found to be a sensitive marker for detecting CNI-related nephrotoxicity, with correlations between urinary levels and renal function reductions.
A new combination therapy of daily consensus interferon and ribavirin has been found to be effective in some hepatitis C patients who have not responded to previous treatment. The study, led by a Saint Louis University researcher, showed a success rate of above 30 percent for patients with less severe liver damage.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have developed a system to target therapeutic genes to nerves in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), showing dramatic efficiency in gene delivery compared to nontargeted adenoviruses. In mice lacking the Hexb gene, administration of DRG-targeted helper-dependent adenoviruses carrying the Hexb gene ...
Research by B.L. McVicker et al. found that reactive oxygen species are involved in ethanol-mediated cell death, but their presence is not solely responsible for apoptosis. The study also revealed that sustained cellular glutathione levels play a crucial role in this process.
A study published in World Journal of Gastroenterology found that patients with extrahepatic disease, high carcinoembriogenic antigen levels, or multiple nodules have poorer survival rates. Despite this, advances in surgical technique and complementary treatments are increasing the number of patients benefiting from curative treatment.
The study found that Ang-(1-7) levels predominate in the peripheral circulation in early stages of liver cirrhosis, contributing to reduced vascular resistance. In advanced stages, Ang 2 leads to extra-splanchnic vasoconstriction. The relationship between these peptides and hemodynamic changes was investigated.
Physician-scientists presented new research on minimizing steroid exposure for liver transplant patients with hepatitis C, hypothermic machine perfusion vs. cold storage for preserving donor livers, and the effectiveness of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in predicting colorectal liver metastases. The studies aimed to improve patient outco...
Two new studies present promising findings for hepatitis treatments, including a switch to Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) for patients with persistent viral replication. The study also explores the long-term effects of Interferon Based Therapy on Hepatic Histology in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus, showing improved histol...
Researchers presented two groundbreaking studies at DDW 2009: a text messaging system improved medication adherence in pediatric liver transplant recipients, reducing organ rejection and costs. A new non-invasive breath test accurately predicts long-term prognosis for patients with chronic liver disease.
A clinical trial has shown that losartan, a blood-pressure medicine, can shrink liver scarring and allow the organ to repair itself in some patients with early-stage liver failure. The drug works by blocking a signalling pathway that causes scar tissue to accumulate, allowing the damaged area of the liver to be repaired.
A study presented at DDW 2009 found that over one-third of US adults have liver disease, with some cases potentially attributed to environmental pollution. Researchers used the NHANES dataset to examine the association between low-level exposure to 111 common pollutants and unexplained liver disease in adults.
Researchers found that donor steatosis does not affect liver disease progression, but transplants from donors with higher Donor Risk Index scores negatively impact HCV-positive recipients' outcomes. The studies suggest using high-risk grafts carefully in HCV-positive patients.
Research reveals a strong association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and both increased intestinal permeability and bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine. The study suggests that these factors contribute to the severity of steatosis, but not to more severe liver diseases like steatohepatitis or fibrosis.
A new study found that lymph nodes are not necessary for the immune system to respond to infections. Instead, the liver can serve as a surrogate structure for T-cell activation. This discovery suggests an alternative role for the liver and may explain why patients receiving a liver transplant sometimes inherit the donor's allergies.
Research suggests that lymph nodes are not necessary for marshalling T-cells to respond to skin breaches, with the liver playing a key role instead. This discovery implies a novel function for the liver and offers insights into the evolution of immune systems in mammals.
Researchers have identified a gene that controls abnormal sugar production in the liver, a major problem for people with diabetes. The study found that ARNT is decreased in both insulin-producing cells and liver cells of people with Type 2 diabetes.