Articles tagged with Motor Cortex
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers found that neurons in the motor cortex divide into externally focused and internally focused groups, with externally focused neurons controlling different body parts and internally focused neurons communicating only within the group. The study's findings have implications for brain disorders such as Rett Syndrome, which may...
Researchers found that sensory cortex signals can cause mice to stop actions, while motor cortex signals can enhance performance. This discovery sheds light on abnormal signaling in neurological and psychiatric disorders.
A study by SISSA neuroscientists reveals the existence of temporal maps in the brain's supplementary motor area (SMA) for decoding abstract features of time. The maps are represented via topography and duration tuning, with different portions responding to specific durations.
Researchers discovered areas within the motor cortex responsible for muscle control and rapid sensorimotor transformations required for vocal interactions in Alston's singing mice. The study's findings suggest that effective vocal communication may rely on functional separation of sound generation and timing functions.
Researchers studying Alston's singing mouse found a brain circuit that enables fast back-and-forth conversation, like human talking. The motor cortex is necessary for vocal interaction, and separate circuits enable rapid starts and stops.
Researchers discovered that the brain's 'posture cells' can predict an animal's position in three-dimensional space. These neurons, found in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and frontal motor cortex (M2), encode body posture and spatial awareness in mice.
Researchers found that the brain's premotor cortex uses a 'neural scratch pad' to calculate fine adjustments, eliminating the need for physical change in the brain. This discovery may simplify the development of brain-computer interfaces controlling prosthetic limbs.
Carlos Vargas-Irwin's research aims to decode intentional movements and develop more accurate brain-computer interfaces using cameras, artificial vision, and neural activity information. The goal is to improve control of robotic limbs for paralyzed individuals.
The brain has a built-in noise-cancelling circuit that allows it to ignore predictable self-generated sounds, such as footsteps. This circuit works by sending a direct signal from the motor cortex to the auditory cortex, instructing inhibitory neurons to cancel out these sounds.
The motor cortex is essential for executing corrective movements in response to unexpected changes of sensory input, but not when movements are executed spontaneously. Neuronal activity patterns in the motor cortex differ between these two scenarios.
Researchers found that monkeys' brains synchronize during social tasks, predicting location, velocity, and proximity to each other. The study also shows that social rank influences brain synchronization, which may have implications for conditions like autism.
A new study suggests that transcranial direct-current electrical stimulation can significantly improve gait impairment in Parkinson's disease patients by simultaneously targeting both motor and cognitive networks. The treatment shows promising results in reducing freezing of gait and improving executive functions and mobility.
Researchers trained visual neurons to control a computer-generated tone and a robotic arm using neuroplasticity. The connections from the cortex to the striatum were key to this learning, representing a feedback loop that may be essential for learning and memory throughout the brain.
Scientists used electrocorticograhy (ECoG) to record electrical activity on the brain surface, finding that the prefrontal cortex coordinates activity to help us act in response to a perception. The brain requires several seconds to respond to complex tasks, with the prefrontal cortex recruiting other areas, including memory networks.
Researchers found a complicated pattern of neural activity during different time intervals, with neurons adjusting their activity depending on the required interval. The brain doesn't change the trajectory when the interval changes, it just changes the speed at which it goes from the initial state to the final state.
Researchers used ultra-high field fMRI to map brain pathways in patients with amputations who underwent TMSR. The study found that the brain's motor and somatosensory maps were preserved, but connections with higher-level embodiment regions were weak. Future prosthetics should implement systematic somatosensory feedback to enable patie...
Research reveals that testosterone plays a crucial role in regulating canary birdsong by targeting specific brain regions involved in singing. The nucleus of the arcopallium (RA) regulates song unit production, while HVC influences syntactical features such as syllable repetition and trill duration.
Researchers study brain-movement interaction in mice to understand how cells in the motor cortex communicate with muscles. The findings reveal that neurons pulse similarly to those around them, driving one type of movement over another.
Researchers found that the brain separates predictable and unpredictable components of action timing, with distinct regions processing each. The medial prefrontal cortex tracks ideal waiting time based on experience, while the secondary motor cortex adds variability to render decisions unpredictable.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine found that learning a new task involving the hands can also improve performance with the foot, as measured by changes in brain activity between the motor cortex and cerebellum. This study demonstrates the brain's ability to adapt and transfer motor knowledge across body parts.
Scientists have created a groundbreaking brain-machine interface that allows for bidirectional communication between the brain and prosthetic limbs. By transmitting sensory feedback to the brain, researchers were able to induce an artificial sensation of movement in paralyzed patients. This innovative technology holds promise for devel...
Researchers used TMS to study brain activity while participants comprehended words related to hand movements. The results suggest that language areas work together with motor cortex regions to form distributed meaning representations.
Researchers found that the brain prepares both possible movements before making a decision, allowing for quick switching between plans. This 'backup plan' helps individuals react faster to changing situations, such as dodging an opponent's block in hockey.
Researchers used brain-machine interface training to investigate phantom limb pain and found that changes in cortical plasticity, rather than motor function, are key to reducing pain. This approach shows promise for treating chronic pain conditions, including phantom limb pain and residual surgery pain.
A study published in NeuroImage reveals that general anesthesia leads to a 'communication breakdown' in the cortex, where isolated cognitive islands process sensory information without communicating with other areas. The researchers used precise measurements to observe the interruption between brain regions.
Biologists at UC San Diego found that manipulating the Ryk signaling protein enhances the return of function after traumatic injury, allowing for partial restoration of neural circuits with rehabilitative training. This discovery opens up new opportunities to apply nervous system development principles to treat paralysis in adulthood.
Scientists analyze massive Twitter datasets to track how information about social events builds momentum and spreads over time. By identifying key drivers of this process, researchers aim to prepare for potential consequences from events like earthquakes or power-grid failures.
Studies show that inducing a second stroke nearby in the brains of mice can help them regain motor function to pre-stroke efficiency. This suggests that the optimal recovery window after a stroke may not be permanently closed and can reopen under certain conditions.
Researchers used fMRI to identify brain areas linked to Christmas spirit, including the primary motor and parietal lobules. The study's findings could advance understanding of festive cultural traditions and help patients with Christmas spirit deficiencies.
Researchers identified structural damage between thalamus and primary motor cortex as key barrier for covert awareness and intentional movement in patients with vegetative states. This finding holds promise for development of restorative therapies.
The study reveals that 89% of connections in the idealized brain network showed up in the real brain network, suggesting evolutionarily designed to be very close to what our algorithm shows. The scientists' strategy prioritizes function over structure, highlighting essential links for optimal navigation.
Researchers implanted microelectrodes in a tetraplegic patient's brain to read neuronal activity related to intended movements. The study successfully predicted limb and eye movements, enabling control of a robotic arm with unprecedented accuracy.
A two-stage brain circuit is essential for tactile sensation, involving communication between the skin and brain. Mice were rendered unable to sense floor textures when their inner circuit was disabled, highlighting the critical role of this neural pathway in touch perception.
Caltech researchers successfully implanted a device in a patient with quadriplegia, allowing him to control a robotic arm with his thoughts. The new approach records signals from the posterior parietal cortex, improving motor control and making movements more natural.
Researchers from University of North Carolina School of Medicine found that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) had a statistically significant detrimental effect on IQ scores, with participants receiving sham stimulation showing greater improvement. The study adds to the increasing literature showing mixed results for tDCS ...
Researchers discovered that deep-brain stimulation (DBS) reduces excessive synchronization of brain activity in the motor cortex, a region governing body movements. This reduction leads to improved symptoms and facilitated movement in patients with Parkinson's disease.
A new study reveals that Broca's area, traditionally considered the command center for human speech, actually switches off when we speak out loud. This finding has major implications for diagnosing and treating stroke, epilepsy, and brain injuries that result in language impairments.
Research at Duke University found that the brain's motor cortex influences the auditory cortex, dampening responses to tones when a mouse moves. The study used optogenetics to activate specific neurons and showed that movement stimulates inhibitory neurons, suppressing the response in the auditory cortex.
Stanford researchers found that targeted brain stimulation using optogenetics significantly improved motor ability and weight regain in mice affected by strokes. The study's findings have potential implications for developing new clinical therapies for stroke recovery, including the placement of electrical brain-stimulating devices.
Research by Jeong Pyo Seo and Sung Ho Jang found that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) reduces activation in the unaffected motor cortex of patients with cerebral infarct. This effect was observed after just two weeks of treatment, suggesting potential drawbacks to this therapy for stroke recovery.
A VLSM study found that neuronal injury in the corona radiate, caudate nucleus and putamen of patients with chronic stroke can predict walking speed. The study suggests that VLSM may provide a more accurate prognosis of motor recovery from chronic stroke according to neuronal injury in cerebral motor cortex.
Researchers developed a novel theory of how neurons work together during complex movements, revealing a balance between excitatory and inhibitory signals. The new model can accurately reproduce multidimensional movement patterns and may aid in the understanding of brain dynamics.
Researchers found that sleep after learning encourages the growth of dendritic spines in mice, which helps consolidate and strengthen new memories. The activity of brain cells during deep sleep is critical for this process, suggesting a physical mechanism for how sleep enhances memory formation.
Researchers discovered that motor cortex actively participates in learning new motor movements, revealing a more complex process than previously thought. The study found that different patterns of activity in the motor cortex accompany similar movements after learning, suggesting a crucial role in adapting to new actions.
Chronic insomnia is characterized by increased brain plasticity and activity in the motor cortex, which distinguishes poor sleepers from good ones. The study suggests that TMS may be used to diagnose and potentially treat insomnia through reducing excitability.
A study by researchers from the University of Basel found that individuals with high motor excitability have better working memory than those with low excitability. The research used transcranial magnetic stimulation to measure motor cortical excitability and its correlation with working memory performance, revealing a positive correla...
A paper proposes a novel understanding of brain architecture using a network representation of connections within the primate cortex. The researchers describe the cortex as a network of connections with a bow tie structure, characterized by a dense core connecting to feed-forward and feedback pathways. This arrangement is found in self...
Researchers tracked similarities in how human and rodent subjects adapted to errors in a simple time estimation task, finding that both species employed low-frequency brainwaves to synchronize neurons. This study suggests that rat models could be useful for studying psychiatric diseases.
Researchers developed a diagram of the brain circuitry enabling interplay between motor system and auditory system. This discovery could provide insight into schizophrenia and mood disorders, where individuals hear voices others do not.
Researchers found that practice reduces metabolic activity in primary motor cortex for internally generated movements, but not visually guided tasks. The study suggests the motor cortex is plastic and can store motor skills.
Researchers found that mice can recover from debilitating strokes by quickly undergoing physical conditioning that rewire a different part of the brain to take over lost function. This study suggests physical and pharmacological solutions for human stroke victims and could lead to earlier and more aggressive rehab.
A new study finds that strokes alter muscle synergy patterns, with distinct disruptions following stroke severity and time since the stroke. This discovery could lead to improved rehabilitation for stroke patients and a better understanding of brain motor control.
Researchers propose a new theory that motor cortex neurons generate rhythmic signals to control arm movements, contradicting the long-held assumption of encoding external spatial information. This discovery has broad implications for neuroscience and may explain some of the perplexing aspects of brain activity in motor cortex.
Scientists at Washington University, Stanford University, and Columbia University identified rhythmic brain cell firing patterns coordinated across populations of neurons in the motor cortex. These patterns were linked to different kinds of shoulder muscle movements, providing new insights into the brain's control of movement.
Recent studies by Sanjay Kalra demonstrate that ALS damages neurons in cognitive and behavioral areas of the brain, contradicting previous assumptions. MRI scans reveal decreased levels of neural markers NAA and increased mIns, indicating biological changes responsible for behavioral symptoms.
Researchers found that left-handed individuals showed no asymmetry in hand preference, suggesting a possible explanation: hemispheric specialisation for speech and language. Right-handed participants had trouble with bimanual tasks when using their right hand, indicating a bias towards choosing the correct hand.
A new study found that individuals with high GABA responsiveness are quicker to learn simple motor tasks. Higher GABA concentrations at baseline are associated with slower reaction times and less brain activation during learning.
A breakthrough in brain-computer interface technology could allow people to control prosthetic arms using only their thoughts. Researchers at Washington University have developed an Electroencephalography grid (EECoG) system that can detect specific brain signals, enabling users to control a virtual arm with unprecedented precision.
A new study sheds light on the complex process of recovery from aphasia after a stroke, finding that inter-hemispheric coordination plays a crucial role. The research suggests that the involvement of both hemispheres in language functions is not as binary as previously thought.
A new study improves brain-machine interface control by adding a robotic arm providing kinesthetic information, enhancing the design of 'wearable robots' for paralyzed patients. This approach may help spinal cord injury patients operate computers and robots using only their thoughts.