Articles tagged with Primates
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Researchers found that hot spring bathing in Japanese macaques subtly reshapes their relationships with parasites and gut microbes. The study suggests that behavior can shape the animal holobiont and act as an important driver of animal health.
Dr. Noritaka Ichinohe challenges the long-held assumption that averaging away individual differences is necessary in psychiatric research. Instead, biological heterogeneity is seen as a phenomenon demanding explanation. The author's work on primate brain mapping and molecular subtyping has identified convergence points between species ...
The study demonstrates the auditory cortex's ability to integrate fine-scale and coarse-scale temporal cues during synchronization, with better performance in macaques compared to the middle glandular body. The nonlinguistic oddball paradigm shows promise for clinical applications in psychiatric disorders and future research should exp...
Male bonobos focus their mating efforts on females who have reached maximum swelling and are older, indicating a higher probability of ovulation. This flexible strategy allows them to overcome the unreliable nature of female fertility signals.
A study by UCLA's Brian Wood and University of Michigan's John Mitani found a link between lethal aggression, territorial expansion, and improved reproductive success in wild chimpanzees. The Ngogo group's territory grew after coordinated attacks, leading to increased fertility and survival rates among females.
Researchers developed a novel method called cytoarchitecture-based link estimation (CABLE) to infer axonal pathways from routine histology, reconstructing three-dimensional whole-brain fiber tracts at cellular scale. CABLE outperforms existing neuroimaging tools in resolving complex geometries and has potential applications in psychiat...
Researchers analyzed ape skulls to find that humans evolved the largest brain size and flattest face among closely related species. This rapid evolution suggests a strong link between cranial structure and cognitive abilities, but social factors may also play a role in human skull development.
Two muriqui species, largest primates in the Americas, face significant habitat loss due to climate change. By 2090, up to 61% of their suitable habitats may be reduced, mainly confined to coastal regions of the Atlantic Forest.
A year-long study on Japanese macaques found that their gut microbiome composition and fermentative ability adjust seasonally to improve digestive efficiency. The study reveals that mature leaf consumption boosts the fermentative ability of the gut microbiome, helping monkeys handle chemically defended foods during harsh winters.
Researchers at UC Berkeley find that chimpanzees consume about 14 grams of pure ethanol per day, equivalent to one standard American drink. This chronic exposure suggests a dietary heritage of alcohol from our common ancestor with chimpanzees.
A new study links the size of male proboscis monkeys' noses to their unique vocal characteristics, suggesting a significant impact on individual identity. The findings shed light on the complex interplay between anatomy, acoustics, and social behavior in animals, with potential implications for human communication.
Young orangutans develop nighttime nest building skills via observational social learning by closely watching their mothers build nests. They practice these complex constructions to become skilled nest builders, with a strong emphasis on active watching and learning from mistakes.
Research finds lemurs evolved in multiple successive radiations, with hybridization contributing to new species emergence. Over 100 lemur species exist, but many are endangered due to habitat destruction and climate change.
A study by Steve Chang explores how oxytocin influences brain activity to shape social behavior in rhesus monkeys. The researchers found that oxytocin increased activity in the basolateral amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex when monkeys were socially motivated, maintaining beneficial decisions and social task behavior.
Female gorillas avoid groups with males they grew up with and instead seek out familiar females, highlighting the importance of social relationships in dispersal decisions. The study reveals that investing in these relationships can be crucial for cooperation within groups.
Researchers observed 22 wild chimpanzees and found that their communication style was similar to that of their mother and maternal relatives, but not their father and paternal relatives. This suggests that chimpanzees may learn their communication behavior through social interaction with their mothers.
Researchers have identified 48 previously unknown bacterial species in the indri's microbiome, which is largely established through transmission between members of the same social group. This finding has significant implications for preserving the species' habitat and preventing extinction.
A study published in PNAS suggests that early primates evolved in North America's cold climate with hot summers and freezing winters, rather than warm tropical forests. This finding challenges the long-held narrative and provides insights into how ancient primates adapted to survive climate change.
A new study has coined the term 'scrumping' to describe great apes' fondness for eating ripe, fermented fruit from the forest floor. The researchers suggest that this behavior may have played a significant role in the evolution of human alcohol tolerance.
Researchers have identified a single genetic difference in Fas Ligand, an immune protein, that makes it vulnerable to being disabled by plasmin, a tumor-associated enzyme. This vulnerability seems unique to humans and may contribute to the effectiveness of certain cancer treatments.
Researchers have uncovered a new species of Swaindelphys, a large metatherian that lived around 60 million years ago in Texas' Big Bend National Park. The species, dubbed Swaindelphys solastella, is significantly larger than similar species known from the same period.
In a study published in PLOS, gelada monkeys demonstrated an understanding of complex vocal exchanges involving distress calls and prosocial comforting responses. The monkeys exhibited surprise when such vocal exchanges were manipulated to violate their expectations.
Researchers found that eastern and western chimpanzees exhibit different drumming patterns, including evenly spaced hits and alternating intervals. Western chimpanzees use a faster tempo and integrated their drumming earlier in pant-hoot vocalizations.
A new study of gorillas found that friendly relationships have varying costs and benefits, depending on group size and sex. For example, female gorillas with strong social bonds tend to get ill less often, but have fewer offspring.
A team of researchers has comprehensively predicted the location of non-B DNA structures in great apes using newly available telomere-to-telomere genomes. The study suggests that non-B DNA is enriched in these segments and may play a role in genetic diseases and cancer, with potential new functions discovered.
A study by University College London anthropologists found that macaque mothers experience a short period of physical restlessness after the death of an infant, but do not exhibit typical human signs of grief. In contrast to human bereavement, macaque mothers spent less time resting in the first two weeks after their infants' deaths.
Researchers discovered how monkeys produce 'voice breaks' and 'ultra-yodels' using their vocal membranes, which allow for a wider range of calls. These unique vocalizations enable monkeys to communicate in different ways, particularly in complex social lives.
Tadashi Isa returns to NIPS as director with goal to foster young researchers and maintain balance between cutting-edge research and collaborative studies. He aims to elevate physiological and neuroscience research in Japan to a world-class level.
Female Guinea baboons court males with special foraging skills more intensively due to the short-term benefits they provide. This suggests that females prioritize immediate rewards over long-term evaluations of male competence.
Neuroscientists investigated how the brain implements flexibility in decision-making, revealing that it either reuses known neural pathways or develops new patterns. The findings help understand why some adaptations are more difficult than others, especially in social interactions and motor tasks.
Researchers found genetic variants that confer a benefit to chimpanzees in specific habitats, particularly those related to malaria. The study suggests that climate and land use changes will impact different chimpanzee groups differently.
A new study suggests that chimpanzees exhibit complex behaviors involving the production of elaborate sequences, including planning and adjusting action sequences on the fly. This research provides further evidence that chimpanzees possess human-like technical flexibility.
Researchers at the University of Tokyo discover that the patterns of spontaneous activity and stimulus-evoked response are similar in lower visual areas of the cerebral cortex but gradually become independent as one moves to higher visual areas. This orthogonal relationship helps explain how sensory perception remains stable despite co...
Researchers found that grooming and play behaviors can spread among chimpanzee group members, promoting group cohesion. Younger chimps were more likely to engage in play contagion, while close social partners showed greater grooming contagion.
The study reveals the remarkable adaptability of the Cat Ba langur, which has retained key genetic traits that enable it to drink salt water and survive in its isolated environment. This adaptation is a direct consequence of their unique island home, where freshwater sources are limited.
A genetics study suggests that bonobos have three distinct populations, each with unique genetic patterns. The research highlights the need for conservation efforts to protect these groups and ensure the species' survival.
Researchers studied female crested gibbon dances, discovering they display a grouping structure, rhythm, and are used for visual communication, including non-sexual arousal or frustration. The dances have similarities with human movements but likely evolved independently, suggesting an innate component.
A Dartmouth study suggests that social rank determines whether animals prioritize short-term energy consumption over long-term health, with dominant monkeys consuming food quickly to maintain dominance, while lower-ranked monkeys invest time in washing their food to prevent tooth damage. The findings shed light on the disposable soma h...
Researchers found same-sex behavior in primates is common, yet underreported due to perceived rarity, according to an online expert survey. The study suggests that experts often overlook this phenomenon because they believe it's rare.
A new study by University of Colorado Boulder primatologist Michelle Sauther found that smaller animals like the lesser galago face extra challenges adapting to climate change. The research highlights the importance of protecting these small and nocturnal species, which are often overlooked in conservation efforts.
A new study reveals that humans are losing important cellulose-degrading microbes in their gut microbiome, especially in industrial societies. The loss of these microbes is linked to a shift away from fiber-rich diets, which are essential for maintaining a balanced intestinal flora.
A new study on wild chimpanzees reveals that mother-chimp play is crucial for their offspring's physical and social development, even during times of food stress. The research suggests that the persistence of mother-child play is important for chimp development, and sets primates apart from other mammals in terms of play behavior.
Researchers developed a novel method to model 3D tongue morphology from fossilized hominin skulls, providing insights into the evolution of human speech. The approach involves geometrical skull matching and has potential applications for understanding primate tongue development.
A study published in PNAS found that 70 million years ago, primates' ancestors mostly lived in pairs, with only 15% opting for solitary lifestyles. This flexible pair-living ancestor likely offered benefits such as easier reproduction and thermoregulation.
A study of wild orangutan males reveals that simply beating rivals in competitions does not lead to siring success. Instead, successful fathers spend more time near the females with whom they mate, suggesting a strategy of concentrating on one neighborhood rather than roaming widely is key.
Researchers found that chimpanzees extract termites from mounds most successfully when rainfall increases, until a threshold of 200mm is reached. This suggests that termite fishing is a seasonal activity for chimpanzees, with the best opportunities during the early wet season.
Researchers created the world's largest primate brain-wide atlas using single-cell technologies, revealing over 4 million cellular profiles. The study provides a comprehensive multimodal molecular atlas to explore links between molecules, cells, brain function and disease.
Researchers found that orangutans can produce two separate sounds simultaneously, like songbirds or human beatboxers. This phenomenon may hold clues about the evolution of human language and its similarities to beatboxing.
Wild orangutans produce two distinct sounds simultaneously, mirroring songbirds and human beatboxers. This finding has significant implications for the evolution of human speech and our shared ancestors' vocal capabilities.
New research finds masturbation serves an adaptive function in primates, increasing reproductive success and aiding pathogen avoidance. The study, based on nearly 400 sources, reveals masturbation's evolutionary history and its co-evolution with multi-male mating systems.
The study reveals new insights into primate evolution, genetic diversity, and the uniqueness of humans. It also highlights the importance of preserving primate species due to high genetic diversity, which enables adaptation to changing environments.
A study from Swansea University and the University of Cape Town tracked the movements of 13 chacma baboons in Cape Town, South Africa. The data revealed that female baboons stopped using urban space after giving birth, suggesting they adapt to reduce risks for their newborns.
A USC researcher and international team identified consistent DNA base pairs across 240 mammals, including humans, that play a key role in human disease. These 'constrained' base pairs remained generally consistent over millions of years of evolution and are significantly linked to genetic variation.
Researchers tracked social grooming behavior in wild baboons using collars-mounted accelerometers, identifying and quantifying giving and receiving grooming with high accuracy. The study's findings have important implications for the study of social behavior in animals, particularly non-human primates.
A genetic census has been used to estimate the number and population structure of critically endangered western chimpanzees in West Africa. The analysis identified a total of 136 chimpanzees living in four different communities, with high levels of shared ancestry and genetic diversity.
Fossilized mammals reveal that early primates adapted to life in the high Arctic during a time of intense global warming, with limited biodiversity. Two new species, Ignacius dawsonae and Ignacius mckennai, were identified as close relatives of early primates, exhibiting distinct adaptations for their unusual environment.
Fossils of two near-primate species, Ignacius mckennai and I. dawsonae, dating back 52 million years have been discovered on Ellesmere Island in layers linked with the early Eocene epoch. The findings suggest that these Arctic-dwelling primates evolved more robust teeth and jaws to cope with tougher food sources during winter months.
Research suggests that the ratio of adult females to males influences sex roles in animal species. Variation in this ratio can lead to differences in mate competition, parental care, and social behavior among species. The study proposes that understanding these dynamics can inform conservation efforts.
Researchers discovered that wild chimpanzees exhibit facial similarities with their family members, especially as they age. The study found that adult chimpanzees were the easiest to match, while younger infants and males were more challenging, suggesting different pressures on biological family resemblance in these species.
A new study reveals that losing endangered fruit-eating animals in the Atlantic Forest could severely disrupt seed-dispersal networks, leaving plants without an effective means to regenerate. Nearly 55% of specialist plant species rely solely on these frugivores for seed dispersal.