Articles tagged with Skull
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A recent study published in the American Journal of Emergency Medicine found that men over 65 are at a higher risk of developing skull fractures due to head trauma from falls. The research compared geriatric males and females, with surprising results indicating males had a significantly increased incidence of skull fracture.
A novel AI architecture, relational reasoning network, accurately identifies anatomical landmarks in CT scans for orthodontic treatments. The model learns spatial relationships between landmarks without explicit image segmentation, achieving accuracy comparable to conventional methods.
Evans' five-year grant will examine how modularity affects the evolution of complex biological structures and provide a framework for their study. The research could advance our understanding of shape change in other complex structures and have cultural and historical significance.
The UMass Lowell-led team aims to understand how proteins affect biting function in animals, with potential applications in treating diseases like muscular dystrophy. The research will involve studying molecular properties of myosin, a fibrous motor protein, and its impact on muscle force and velocity.
A new species of ancient bird, Janavis finalidens, has been found with a mobile beak, challenging the long-held assumption that modern birds evolved from a 'ancient jaw' group. The fossil shows a fused palate bone, similar to those of ostriches and their relatives.
A new species of herbivore, Transylvanosaurus platycephalus, has been revealed with a remarkably flat head. The discovery challenges the assumption that Europe had low diversity during the Late Cretaceous period.
A new ancient whale genus has been discovered in Morocco, dating back to around 40 million years ago. The species likely employed manatee-like swimming and feeding habits.
Researchers digitally reconstructed a Jeholornis skull, shedding light on its vision and sense of smell. The study found that Jeholornis had a larger olfactory bulb than modern birds, suggesting it relied heavily on its sense of smell.
A 20-year review of bicycle injuries found over 1 million US children fractured a bone while riding a bike, with most being boys between ages 10-15. The study also showed that nearly 87% of patients with skull fractures were not wearing helmets at the time of injury.
A new study reveals that European moles reduce their brains by 11% in winter and regrow them by 4% in summer to conserve energy. This phenomenon, known as Dehnel's phenomenon, is driven by cold conditions rather than food shortage alone.
A University of Missouri researcher and his team are using artificial intelligence to study anatomical research, creating detailed 3D computer models of muscles. This technology is advancing the field by enabling researchers to analyze muscle fiber orientation and develop a better understanding of motor control in animals.
Researchers from ANU uncovered three ancient burials on Alor Island, showcasing different mortuary practices that may relate to multiple migratory routes. The findings provide new data for understanding the evolution and diversification of burial practices in Southeast Asia.
Researchers assessed facial structure of prehistoric skulls to determine extent of interbreeding between humans and Neandertals. The study found that the Near East was an important crossroads for human migration and interaction, supporting the hypothesis that much of this interbreeding took place in the region.
Large carnivorous dinosaurs, such as Tyrannosaurus rex, developed elliptical or oval eye sockets to absorb impact during high-speed bites. Researchers analyzed 500 dinosaur species and found these unique shapes only in large predators with skull lengths over 1m.
Researchers have found that spinosaurid dinosaurs had rapid tooth replacement, with up to three generations of teeth developing simultaneously. This trait likely contributed to their overabundance in Cretaceous sites.
A multicenter prospective study shows that 88% of isolated LCH skull lesions in children resolve spontaneously without surgery. The study supports a nonsurgical approach, avoiding the risks associated with removal.
Researchers studied miniature frogs from the genus Brachycephalus and found that their small vestibular system prevents them from maintaining balance. The tiny frogs can jump but struggle to control their trajectory mid-leap.
Researchers from Tokyo University of Science discovered that bony fish head cartilage contains abundant proteoglycans, including aggrecan, with similar CS structures to salmon nasal cartilage. This finding reveals the potential of sturgeon as an alternative source of CSPGs for health food formulations.
A study led by Flinders University reveals that Australia's Letter-winged kite may not have enhanced vision for nighttime hunting as previously thought. The research found similar eye dimensions to its daytime-hunting relatives, contradicting decades of speculation about the kite's visual system.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital discovered that skull channels enable cerebrospinal fluid to flow out of the brain and into the bone marrow, where immune cells can screen for signs of infection. This finding has significant implications for conditions like dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers at Kyoto University found that chimpanzees exhibit a preference for faces and skulls of their own species, similar to previous studies with African elephants. This suggests the presence of a face module in chimpanzee brains that detects and processes facial cues.
Researchers have genetically engineered a rat model of Down syndrome to test new therapies and explore the condition's unique genetics. The rats exhibit cognitive impairments, anxiety, and hyperactivity similar to humans with Down syndrome, providing a valuable tool for medical research.
A new spinosaurid dinosaur from Portugal's early Cretaceous period had a distinctive crocodile-like skull and a spiny back. The species, which lived over 125 million years ago, may have been a wading fish-eater, adding to our understanding of spinosaurid evolution.
A UCLA study reveals that lions and leopards in Zambia's conservation areas are injured at rates much higher than previously thought. The research found that over 37% of the lions and 22% of the leopards had snare scars and tooth notches, indicating a significant problem with poaching.
Researchers compared microscopic inner ear structures of two main bat groups, revealing extra neurons and specialized ear structures that align with a split in bat evolution. This discovery provides the first physical evidence to support genetic data on the split of bats into two major groups.
A newly discovered species of giant ichthyosaur, the earliest known, has been found in Nevada, shedding new light on the rapid growth of marine reptiles. The discovery, dated to 246 million years ago, is significant as it provides insights into the evolution of whales and dolphins.
A new study by researchers at Mount Sinai found that a specific gene, HHIP, helps regulate the development of the coronal suture, a fibrous joint that connects the front and middle bone plates. The study showed that embryos with a missing HHIP gene had misshapen skulls and fewer mesenchymal cells separating the bones.
A new marine reptile fossil from 130-million-year-old rocks in Colombia has revealed a unique dentition allowing it to eat large prey. The discovery clarifies the evolutionary tree of ichthyosaurs and tests new ideas on their evolution.
Research reveals that captive animals on soft food diets may experience weaker skulls and reduced bite effectiveness when released back into the wild. The study found that rats fed softer diets had weaker skulls, but those switched from hard to soft food as juveniles also showed signs of weakened bone growth.
Researchers uncover fossil remains of Issi saaneq, a long-necked herbivore that lived on Greenland during the Late Triassic Period. The discovery sheds light on the evolutionary pathways and timeline of sauropods, iconic land animals that existed for nearly 150 million years.
A recent study suggests that infants conceived through in vitro fertilization (IVF) may be at a higher risk of developing craniosynostosis, a type of skull deformity. The four percent prevalence rate among IVF-conceived infants is considerably higher than the estimated one case per 1,800 to 2,200 births. Further studies are needed to c...
A study by University of Utah biologists discovered a mutation in the ROR2 gene is linked to short beak length in domestic pigeons. This mutation also underlies the human disorder Robinow syndrome, which shares striking facial features with the pigeon phenotype.
Researchers created the first detailed cell-by-cell description of how the coronal suture develops, identifying new genes and cell types involved in generating stem cells that grow skull bones. The study aims to advance new interventions for patients with craniosynostosis.
Researchers discovered a rare bird fossil with nearly complete skull, allowing them to compare ancient bird brains to living birds. The study suggests that complex brain structure may have played a key role in the survival of bird ancestors during the mass extinction event.
A new research project aims to create strong, malleable biomaterials that support stem cell growth for improved skull reconstruction surgeries. The $2.4 million grant will help accelerate bone regeneration and reduce complications.
A 120-million-year-old fossil of a tiny bird found in China shares structural and functional features with the massive Tyrannosaurus rex. The discovery sheds light on the evolution of birds from dinosaurian ancestors.
The study found that early Anglo-Saxons had a mix of local and continental ancestry, with the ratio changing over time due to varying immigration patterns. The results suggest that being Anglo-Saxon was tied to language and culture rather than genetics.
A new study by University of Sydney researchers found that the Anglo-Saxons were a mix of continental European and local ancestry, with 50-70% of Middle Anglo-Saxon individuals being of local ancestry. The findings suggest that being Anglo-Saxon was more likely a matter of language and culture, not genetics
Researchers at the University of Queensland have identified a new species of large prehistoric crocodile in south-east Queensland's waterways, estimated to be around seven metres in length. The ancient creature, named Gunggamarandu maunala, belonged to a group of tomistomines and lived between two and five million years ago.
Russian paleontologists have discovered the skull of a 9-10 year old Pleistocene small cave bear with artificial damage, which could be evidence of ancient ritual practices. The finding is significant as it may be the world's first direct evidence of Paleolithic hunters targeting small cave bears.
Researchers discovered that immune cells from the skull bone marrow guard the brain and spinal cord, while others arrive from the bloodstream, carrying genetic signatures that may promote autoimmunity. This finding could inform understanding and treatment of brain disorders such as neuro-COVID, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis.
Researchers at the University of Washington successfully analyzed Micropholis stowi fossils excavated during a 2017-2018 collection trip to Antarctica. The findings reveal that this salamander-sized amphibian was more widespread than previously recognized, with evidence suggesting it could have adapted to various environments.
Researchers have identified five additional specimens of a 240-million-year-old ichthyosaur, named Besanosaurus leptorhynchus, providing new information on its anatomy, diet, and exceptionally large adult size. The species is the earliest large-sized marine diapsid with a long and narrow snout.
A new species of pelomedusoid turtle, Sahonachelys mailakavava, is described from a nearly complete fossil in Madagascar. The turtle has an unusually flattened skull and enlarged tongue bones adapted for suction feeding, suggesting it fed on small-bodied prey like insect larvae and tadpoles.
A study by Rice University biologist Kory Evans found that flatfish evolved rapid skull asymmetry due to trait co-evolution. This process led to the development of unique traits across the skull, resulting in increased integration and adaptability for these fish.
Using bioprinting, researchers successfully repaired traumatic injuries to the skin and bones of the face and skull in a rat model. The technique involved printing both bone and soft tissue layers, achieving 100% closure of soft tissue in four weeks and 80% closure of bone in six weeks.
The modern human brain is believed to have originated in Africa around 1.7 million years ago, with significant advancements in brain structure and function occurring during this time frame. The study used CT scans to analyze fossil skulls and compared them to those of great apes and humans.
A new species of dinosaur, Llkalkan aliocranianus, was discovered with extreme powerful bites, very sharp teeth, and huge claws. Its unique skull structure suggests it may have had a better sense of hearing than other abelisaurids.
A new study reveals that the Anteosaurus, a 260-million-year-old predator, was capable of outrunning and tracking down its prey effectively due to its specialized nervous system and fine-tuned sensory organs. The research found that the animal's brain and balance organs were optimized for hunting swiftly and striking fast.
The study reveals that Plateosaurus trossingensis had a unique combination of features, with differences in characteristics attributed to natural variation between individuals and bone deformation during fossilization. The researchers found that there is no evidence for multiple species within the same genus.
A team of researchers from the University of Portsmouth discovered a massive ancient fish fossil, estimated to be around 5 meters long, which is the largest of its type ever found. The fossil, composed of many thin bony plates arranged like a barrel, was identified as a coelacanth, a species believed to be extinct for millions of years.
The new Parasaurolophus skull reveals the structure of its iconic tube-shaped nasal passage, showing that the crest functions primarily as a sound resonator and visual display used to communicate within species. The discovery provides long-awaited answers about the evolution of this bizarre feature.
Researchers found that rotational deceleration causes tremendous egg yolk deformation, shedding light on brain deformation during impacts. This finding suggests that rotational impact is more harmful to brain matter than direct translational impact.
A 42-million-year-old partial skull discovered in West Texas sheds new light on the evolutionary history of caimans and their relationship with alligators. The fossil's braincase features suggest that it belonged to a caiman, contradicting earlier assumptions.
A study by Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology reveals that bone-conducted (BC) speech transmission affects perception similarly to air-conducted speech. The team found that RT vibrations support frequencies up to 1 KHz, while EC pressure accentuates frequencies in the 2-3 KHz range.
Researchers have identified a new species of prehistoric crocodile, Paludirex vincenti, found in south eastern Queensland waterways millions of years ago. The species is estimated to be at least five metres long and was one of the top predators in Australia.
Researchers discover lagerpetids, small wingless reptiles, as the closest relatives of pterosaurs, filling a 200-year-old gap in their evolution. The study reveals similarities between lagerpetid brains and sensory systems and those of pterosaurs.
A newly discovered bird fossil, Falcatakely, sheds light on the evolution of complex anatomy and provides new perspectives on bird facial structure. The species boasts a unique, scythe-like beak shape and is part of an extinct group known as Enantiornithes.
Researchers re-examined ancient fossils found in Myanmar's amber deposits, revealing that a species initially thought to be an ancient form of chameleon was actually part of the albanerpetontid lineage. The new findings indicate that these ancient amphibians were climbers with specialized tongues for catching food.
A new species of ancient lizard, Kopidosaurus perplexus, has been discovered with a unique skull shape featuring curved teeth. The fossil's placement on the tree of life is uncertain, with three different evolutionary trees suggesting multiple possible positions.