Articles tagged with Stomach
Researchers have identified three previously unknown genotypes of Helicobacter bacteria in pygmy sperm whales stranded along the southeastern US coast. The discovery raises new questions about microbial pathogens on ocean health and their impact on vulnerable species.
Researchers created pea-sized mini-stomachs with three main regions, replicating human stomach function and acid secretion. The study models a rare genetic disease, paving the way for personalized treatment and accelerated clinical approval.
Early gastric cancer cells become self-sufficient by producing WNT7B, creating a self-sustaining loop and activating WNT signaling internally. This mechanism is triggered by MAPK signaling activation and has been validated in genetically engineered mouse models and human patient-derived organoids.
Estrogen activates previously unknown pathways in the colon, triggering pain and increasing sensitivity to certain foods. This explains why women are more likely to suffer from IBS and provides potential new ways to treat the condition.
A new study reveals a previously unknown cellular purging process called cathartocytosis that helps injured cells revert to a stem cell-like state more rapidly. However, this process may also lead to chronic inflammation and increased risk of cancer development.
Researchers at UCSF found that certain gut bacteria can reduce chemotherapy side effects by clearing excess drugs and producing the protective vitamin K2. Patients with more beneficial bacteria had fewer side effects, suggesting that probiotics may help mitigate chemotherapy's impact.
A team of biologists has discovered an ancient neurohormone called bombesin that controls appetite in humans and other vertebrates. The study also found that bombesin-like neurohormones are present in starfish, revealing a common ancestor of appetite regulation dating back over half a billion years.
A natural citrus oil, when combined with a lipid formulation, may effectively relieve dry mouth in cancer patients. The new formula has demonstrated improved solubility and bioavailability compared to pure limonene.
Children who frequently miss school due to abdominal complaints are more likely to have gut-brain axis disorders like IBS, which can be missed by medical tests. The study found that frequent absences were nearly five times more likely to be caused by functional GI disorders than specific illnesses.
A new type of gastric balloon has been designed to help people lose weight by making them feel too full to overeat. The balloon can be inflated and deflated as needed, and animal studies have shown that it can reduce food intake by 60 percent before meals.
A team of researchers has developed strategies to identify regulators of intestinal hormone secretion, which could lead to new treatments for metabolic and gut motility disorders. They used human organoids to study the function of 'nutrient sensors' on hormone-producing cells in the gut.
A new study reveals thaumatin, a widely used natural sweetener, produces bitter peptides that stimulate acid secretion and influence inflammatory reactions in human stomach cells. The peptides also show anti-inflammatory effects by reducing pro-inflammatory interleukin 17A release via the TAS2R16 bitter taste receptor.
A Korea University study reveals that gastrectomy decreases the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with gastric cancer. The research analyzed data from 2004 to 2013 and found a significantly lowered risk of cardiovascular disease in those who underwent gastrectomy.
Researchers at Edith Cowan University have found a significant genetic connection between Type 2 Diabetes and certain gut disorders, which could lead to more effective therapies. The study uncovered shared biological origins with Type 2 Diabetes among gut conditions like stomach ulcers and irritable bowel syndrome.
Researchers identified ERR-gamma as a key gene regulating the development of parietal cells, which produce hydrochloric acid in the stomach. The study's findings have implications for understanding conditions like indigestion, heartburn, and gastric cancer.
A new study has discovered that Streptococcus anginosus bacteria play a significant role in causing stomach cancer. The research showed that S. anginosus infection led to gastric inflammation, cell damage, and the growth of stomach cancer cells, doubling tumour size and weight in some cases.
A novel device developed by University of Auckland researchers has successfully measured faulty gut electrical signals in a human clinical trial. The endoscopic sensor device aims to provide clinicians with a clearer picture of exactly where the electrical signals are misfiring, improving diagnosis and treatment for stomach complaints.
A study of over 1,700 adult patients found that gastric bypass and sleeve surgeries have few short-term complications and are equivalent in terms of risk. The results suggest that patients and doctors can choose between the two procedures without worrying about short-term surgical risks.
Research uncovers the genetic drivers of HDGC, highlighting CDH1 gene mutations and other genes like CTNNA1 and MAP3K6. Prophylactic total gastrectomy offers a life-saving option for high-risk individuals.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital have developed a pill-size device called VIBE that creates the sensation of fullness by stimulating vagal nerve receptors when it comes into contact with gastric fluid. The device reduced food intake by an average of 31% in swine, and its effects were sustained for 30 minutes.
The researchers designed a capsule about the size of a multivitamin, powered by a small battery, which vibrates to activate mechanoreceptors in the stomach. This activation stimulates hormone release patterns similar to those following a meal, reducing food intake and slowing weight gain by 40 percent.
A large-scale study from three Nordic countries shows that the majority of patients with reflux disease do not have a higher risk of cancer. Only those with changes in the oesophageal mucosa are at increased risk.
Physicians can remotely drive a miniature video capsule to visualize and photograph potential problem areas in the stomach using an external magnet and hand-held joysticks. The new technology has been shown to be effective in detecting high-risk lesions with a 95% rate of visualization.
Researchers have developed a non-invasive magnetic stimulation therapy called ThorS-MagNT that targets hyperactive nerves in the midback, potentially reducing debilitating symptoms of diabetic gastroparesis. In a pilot study, patients experienced significant improvements in nausea and vomiting, allowing them to enjoy meals again.
Researchers at West Virginia University found that bariatric surgery significantly reduces the risk of major cardiovascular events and death in patients with NAFLD. The study included 9,374 adult patients with NAFLD and obesity, who underwent either Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy.
Researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital developed an ingestible capsule, known as the FLASH system, which electronically stimulates key hunger hormone ghrelin in pigs. The system has potential applications for treating gastrointestinal disorders and is a promising alternative to traditional treatments.
Researchers at MIT developed an ingestible capsule that delivers electrical stimulation to the stomach, boosting ghrelin production and potentially alleviating nausea and appetite loss. The device uses a grooved surface to create a drier environment for electrodes to contact stomach tissue.
The FLASH system is a non-invasive and precise method to modulate hunger levels and treat metabolic and neurologic diseases. It utilizes electrodes on its surface to deliver electrical stimulation to stomach mucosal tissue, regulating the gut-brain axis.
A study found a link between pain and indigestion medication purchases and ovarian cancer diagnoses, suggesting earlier symptom recognition. The research suggests that loyalty card data can be used to identify potential ovarian cancer cases.
Researchers at Binghamton University have developed ingestible biobatteries that utilize microbial fuel cells with spore-forming Bacillus subtilis bacteria to power sensors and Wi-Fi connections. The biobatteries can generate up to 100 microwatts per square centimeter of power density, enough for wireless transmission.
A husband-and-wife research team at UC Riverside found a simpler gene network is involved in specifying the gut in nematodes related to Caenorhabditis elegans. The discovery was made possible by the COVID-19 pandemic, which freed up time for the researchers to explore their question of how nematodes develop their gut.
Researchers at Leibniz-Institut für Lebensmittel-Systembiologie an der TU München discovered that casein digestion produces peptides with a satiating effect, stimulating gastric acid secretion via bitter receptors. This mechanism may help regulate food intake and maintain a healthy body weight.
A new study published by The BMJ found no significant differences in mortality or complication rates between male and female gastrointestinal surgeons in Japan. Female surgeons were more likely to be assigned high-risk patients, but the results show that their performance was equal to that of their male counterparts.
The new guidance provides a comprehensive approach to preventing unrecognised oesophageal intubation, addressing both technical and human factors. It recommends standardising carbon dioxide monitoring and pulse oximetry, using videolaryngoscopes for correct placement, and addressing stress-related management of crises.
A new model, StomachSim, simulates human stomach mechanics to show that posture can impact pill absorption by up to an hour. Lying on the right side is best for quick dissolution, while standing upright is a decent second option.
A new study uses a biomimetic in-silico simulator to investigate the effect of body posture and stomach motility on oral drug bioavailability. The simulation reveals that stomach contractions can induce pressure, generating complex pill trajectories and affecting drug dissolution rates.
A new study found that opioids like morphine can cause gastric inflammation due to increased acid secretion and delayed gastric emptying. Treatment with naloxone or proton pump inhibitors like omeprazole may provide gastroprotection, improving pain management and reducing side effects.
Researchers identify key enzyme CbrR and cyclic-di-GMP as crucial for Campylobacter jejuni's motility and biofilm formation. By targeting these elements, scientists aim to develop a safe molecule to prevent infection.
The American Academy of Pediatrics has updated its safe-sleep guidelines, recommending babies sleep on their backs on flat, level surfaces to reduce SIDS risk. The guidelines also emphasize the importance of breastfeeding, pacifier use, and avoiding drugs and alcohol exposure.
A molecular switch, p57, enables stomach stem cells to change allegiance from normal digestion to injury response, potentially leading to new treatments for gastric pathologies. The study's findings suggest that p57 is a key regulator of reserve stem cell state in gastric chief cells.
Researchers at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin have discovered a novel mechanism that restricts cell division in healthy stomach tissue, protecting against cancerous changes. However, Helicobacter pylori infection deactivates this mechanism, enabling cells to grow uncontrollably and increasing the risk of stomach cancer.
Researchers have developed a new implant that reduces ghrelin levels and body weight gain by half when exposed to laser light, offering a minimally invasive treatment option for obese patients. The implant uses a laser-activated dye to kill cells producing the 'hunger hormone'.
A new study published in JAMA Network Open reveals that the first-pass metabolism of alcohol occurs in the stomach, not the liver. This finding explains why some patients experience increased sensitivity to alcohol after bariatric surgery, leading to higher risks of alcohol-related disorders.
Researchers at Clemson University have identified a genetic variation associated with congenital idiopathic megaesophagus (CIM) in German shepherd dogs, which is often fatal if left untreated. A genetic test using melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 2 and dog's sex can predict the risk of CIM with 75% accuracy.
Researchers discovered a viral infection can trigger autoimmunity in mice by disrupting the thymus's screening process for self-destructive T cells. Infection with murine roseolovirus led to autoimmune gastritis months later, highlighting a previously unknown way viruses can trigger autoimmunity.
Researchers at Washington State University found that liquid sildenafil can relax the esophagus and reduce regurgitation in dogs with megaesophagus. The study showed a significant reduction in regurgitation episodes and an average weight gain of over 2 pounds in moderately affected dogs.
A pilot study suggests that long COVID symptoms could be linked to the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the vagus nerve. The study found significant alterations in the vagus nerve, including thickening and reduced function, in patients with long COVID symptoms.
Researchers found that women in labor with epidural analgesia experienced significantly faster stomach emptying rates compared to those without. This study challenges current guidelines recommending clear liquids only during labor, proposing a reevaluation of fasting practices.
Proton pump inhibitors are underutilized in high-risk patients due to knowledge gaps and barriers among specialties. Multi-component interventions can improve guideline-based use to prevent upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
Research led by Diego Bohórquez at Duke University has identified the cells responsible for sensing sugar in the gut. These neuropod cells produce neurotransmitters that transmit signals to the brain, allowing animals to distinguish between real sugar and artificial sweetener.
Barrett's esophagus is caused by long-term GERD, which leads to changes in cells where the stomach and esophagus meet. Researchers found that stomach cells adopting intestinal cell qualities may be a key factor in its development.
A new study found that a specific type of carbohydrate called ‘fodmaps’ can aggravate intestinal problems, but its impact is not as significant as previously believed. IBS symptoms were found to be influenced more by psychological factors and individual differences in metabolism and intestinal flora.
Researchers have developed new preclinical models to understand gastric cancer development and spread. Using these models, they identified Lgr5-expressing tumour cells as responsible for driving gastric cancer growth and spread, establishing them as a potential therapeutic target.
Researchers at University College London have successfully grown mini-stomach organoids, which could help study how SARS-CoV-2 affects the stomach. The study found that the virus replicates more noticeably in child and late fetal cells, leading to the death of delta cells that produce a hormone called somatostatin.
A recent study found that antibiotic resistance rates for Helicobacter pylori are decreasing in European countries. The use of three antibiotics over 10-14 days resulted in success rates of over 90%. The researchers hope to reduce antibiotic consumption to prevent further resistance.
Gastric cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, with 1.09 million new cases in 2020. Recent research offers hope for improved treatment options, making it a critical area of focus for medical oncologists like Dr. Mohamad Sonbol.
A study by Veronika Somoza's team found that gallic acid stimulates gastric cells to secrete acid via the bitter receptor TAS2R4. The plant substance affects acid secretion regardless of whether it is added to water or red wine. This discovery provides new insights into the functions of bitter receptors in food ingredients.
Scientists have improved understanding of a key protein that makes the stomach acidic, shedding light on potential applications in drug development. The study found an unusual feature in the protein, which needs to bind to only one potassium ion to trigger its pump mechanism.
A team of MIT engineers has developed a drug delivery capsule that can inject large quantities of monoclonal antibodies and other proteins into the stomach lining after being swallowed. The capsule overcomes a major challenge in delivering these drugs orally, which are usually administered via injections.
A six-country study found that awake prone positioning significantly reduced the need for mechanical ventilation in critically ill COVID-19 patients. The intervention improved blood oxygen levels and lung function by matching blood flow and ventilation.