Articles tagged with Stomach
Scientists have improved understanding of a key protein that makes the stomach acidic, shedding light on potential applications in drug development. The study found an unusual feature in the protein, which needs to bind to only one potassium ion to trigger its pump mechanism.
A team of MIT engineers has developed a drug delivery capsule that can inject large quantities of monoclonal antibodies and other proteins into the stomach lining after being swallowed. The capsule overcomes a major challenge in delivering these drugs orally, which are usually administered via injections.
A six-country study found that awake prone positioning significantly reduced the need for mechanical ventilation in critically ill COVID-19 patients. The intervention improved blood oxygen levels and lung function by matching blood flow and ventilation.
Researchers built an artificial antrum to study the complex flow patterns and mechanical stresses in the stomach. The prototype revealed a classifying effect based on droplet breakup and transport phenomena, showing how lower stomach contraction waves classify foods.
Researchers identified predictive molecular biomarkers for non-response to anti-TNF and anti-integrin therapies in UC. Biomarkers in innate and adaptive immune systems, as well as proteolytic degradation, were found to be predictive of therapy non-response.
Researchers discovered gastric balloons as a cost-effective and health-improving solution for obesity treatment. The procedure, non-invasively placed in the stomach, shows promise as a substitute or complement to bariatric surgery.
Scientists found that male sex hormones prevent stomach inflammation by suppressing immune cells, while females lack this protection. The study suggests treating males with stomach inflammation differently than females.
A new study by West Virginia University researcher Jonathan Busada found that testosterone can help regulate the immune response and prevent stomach inflammation. The study suggests that androgens may act as a 'brake pedal' on the immune system, protecting men from chronic inflammatory diseases such as celiac disease, multiple sclerosi...
Researchers at Osaka University identify HPnc4160 as a key regulator of Helicobacter pylori adaptation to the human stomach. The study found that strains with lower levels of this molecule are more infectious and produce higher levels of CagA, an oncoprotein linked to cancer development.
Researchers at NYU Abu Dhabi have developed a revolutionary technology that could dramatically improve diabetes treatment through an oral delivery system. The system uses nano-particles to deliver insulin and has been shown to be biocompatible, stable, and glucose-responsive.
Researchers identified rare cell types in esophagus, stomach and small intestine using scRNA-seq. They found a cell type responsible for water secretion in humans, linking it to cystic fibrosis.
Researchers found quartz crystals in the stomach of a 120-million-year-old bird, complicating its dietary mystery. The discovery challenges current understanding of enantiornithine birds' digestive systems and highlights the complexity of their ancient ecosystems.
Researchers at Texas A&M University have designed a centimeter-sized wireless device that stimulates the endings of the vagus nerve to induce feelings of fullness. The device is controlled externally via radio frequency and has the potential to be used in conjunction with other devices to manipulate nerve endings throughout the gastroi...
A UK study found that teenage body dissatisfaction is a strong predictor of depression in early adulthood, particularly among boys. By age 18, the risk of depression increases significantly, with girls more likely to experience severe symptoms than boys.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge found that domperidone, an anti-nausea medication, can significantly reduce how much volunteers look away from disgusting images. The study suggests that stabilizing the stomach's electrical signals may be a key cause of disgust avoidance.
A recent NOAA study published in Ecology and Evolution reveals higher interaction rates between spiny dogfish and Atlantic cod than previously observed. The study uses genetic testing to confirm cod presence in dogfish stomachs, finding that small cod are more likely to be well-digested, making identification challenging.
Researchers found that small RNA molecule NikS regulates critical virulence factors in H. pylori, allowing it to colonize the stomach and develop disease. NikS influences bacterial internalization and helps overcome epithelial barriers.
A new slow-release pill developed by Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, aims to alleviate Parkinson's disease symptoms and improve patient compliance. The pill delivers L-dopa over a 24-hour period, reducing the need for multiple daily doses.
Scientists have created an ingestible capsule that captures bacteria and biological samples from the gut while passing through the gastrointestinal tract. The device, which doesn't cause inflammation or toxicity, can be triggered over a range of pH to deliver biologics, providing insight into associated GI disease progression.
Research shows that oxytocin reverses delayed gastric emptying caused by stress, increasing stomach muscle contractions. The hormone also inhibits adaptation to stress, delaying gastric emptying and decreasing stomach tone.
Researchers discovered a four-meter-long thalattosaur fossil in the stomach of an ichthyosaur, providing direct evidence that these giant marine reptiles consumed large animals. The find suggests that megapredation was more common than previously thought, contradicting the idea that ichthyosaurs fed on small prey like cephalopods.
A new study reveals that plastic waste can release harmful chemicals into the stomach oil of seabirds like northern fulmars, potentially affecting their health over extended periods. The research highlights the importance of reducing plastic pollution in our oceans and dealing with waste responsibly.
A new study reveals that the mammalian stomach absorbs dietary miRNAs via SIDT1, a transmembrane family member. This finding uncovers a novel physiological function of the stomach and sheds light on orally delivered small-RNA therapeutics.
A study led by Jennifer Todd at Anglia Ruskin University found that paying attention to internal bodily sensations can increase appreciation of one's body. The researchers measured gastric interoception and found a link between feelings of fullness and positive body image in adults from the UK and Malaysia.
Researchers have discovered that a nodosaur, an armoured dinosaur, primarily ate fern leaves, with 88% of its stomach contents composed of chewed leaf material. The team found evidence of specific fern species, including those that grow in fire-scarred landscapes, suggesting the dinosaur adapted to exploit post-fire vegetation.
A study of over 73,000 people in 33 countries found that four out of ten adults worldwide have functional gastrointestinal disorders. The disorders, which include symptoms like heartburn and irritable bowel syndrome, were more prevalent in women and associated with lower quality of life.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute have identified neural pathways connecting the brain to the stomach, suggesting a bidirectional communication network that influences digestion and gut health. This discovery provides new insights into common gut disorders and may lead to the development of brain-based therapies.
A new study presents a promising treatment for indigestion using an earbud-like device that stimulates the vagus nerve. The research found that the device helped participants' stomachs expand to accommodate meals and empty more quickly, suggesting potential relief from symptoms of functional dyspepsia.
A clinical trial found that electrical stimulation improved symptoms in 53% of women with constipation, with lasting benefits for at least 3 months. The treatment was well-tolerated and offered a promising alternative to laxative medications.
A new study suggests that investigational drug IW-3718 can reduce the severity of heartburn symptoms in patients with treatment-resistant gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) when combined with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). The study, conducted by Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, found significant r...
A new study found that two popular bariatric surgeries can change patients' sensitivity to alcohol, increasing blood alcohol concentrations by 50% after consumption. Some women experienced reduced sensitivity, reporting almost no sedative effects from alcohol.
Researchers have discovered a molecular switch that regulates inflammation in the stomach, triggered by H. Pylori bacteria. The 'switch' uses a previously unknown mechanism to control the infection, allowing it to evade the immune system and cause stomach diseases such as ulcers and cancer.
Researchers at MIT have developed a monthly oral contraceptive that can remain in the stomach for three weeks, releasing contraceptive drugs over several weeks. The pill has shown promise in tests in pigs, achieving similar drug concentrations as daily doses.
Researchers developed a drug delivery system that expands in the stomach and releases levonorgestrel over one month, providing an alternative to daily pill schedules. The platform has the potential to improve adherence rates, especially in low-income countries where cultural and economic barriers hinder long-acting contraceptive use.
A team at Brigham and Women's Hospital has developed a new oral contraceptive that can be taken once a month to prevent pregnancy. The extended-release pill uses a slow-release mechanism to deliver the contraceptive drug levonorgestrel over time, improving adherence and reducing the risk of pregnancy.
A new study reveals that intestinal stretch sensors uniquely stop hungry mice from wanting to eat, contradicting long-held assumptions about how we feel full. Researchers mapped the molecular and anatomical identities of vagal sensory cell types innervating the stomach and intestine, discovering that these stretch receptors are more po...
Commercially available prebiotic supplements can break down in horses' stomachs, leading to inflammation. However, feeding a specific type of prebiotic, Jerusalem artichoke meal, increased bacterial diversity in the entire digestive tract.
A study by Dr Benjamin Vincent found that hunger significantly alters people's decision-making, making them more impatient and prone to settling for smaller rewards. This effect carries over into other kinds of decisions, such as financial and interpersonal ones, indicating a potential danger for those experiencing hunger due to poverty.
Preoperative chewing gum use does not affect gastric emptying, while postoperative gum may aid recovery. Chewing gum can be a useful tool to aid recovery and reduce complications after certain types of surgery.
Researchers found that Helicobacter pylori is attracted to bleach, relying on a protein called TlpD to navigate to sites of inflammation in the stomach. This attraction enables the bacterium to turn the body's defenses against it and colonize inflamed tissue.
Researchers at the University of Oregon discovered that Helicobacter pylori uses a protein called TlpD to sense bleach and swim toward it. The bacteria Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli can use similar proteins to detect bleach in their environment.
A new study from Queen Mary University of London found that the 'love hormone' oxytocin plays a crucial role in the feeding behavior of European starfish. When injected into the starfish, oxytocin induces fictive feeding, causing them to behave as if they are eating prey despite no actual food being present.
A new species of lizard, Indrasaurus wangi, was discovered in the stomach of Microraptor zhaoianus, revealing a unique diet and expanding Cretaceous diversity. The finding supports the interpretation that Microraptor was an opportunistic predator feeding on various prey.
Researchers at Hiroshima University discover that a layer of cells resembling normal stomach lining is produced by stomach cancer tissue itself, making it difficult to spot after Helicobacter pylori infection treatment. This finding highlights the need for continued check-ups even after H. pylori eradication.
Researchers characterized Helicobacter pylori's genetic diversity in individual patients, showing adaptations to specific stomach regions and the impact of antibiotics on its population structure and resistance. The study suggests that antibiotics can select for resistant variants and shape the species' evolutionary dynamics.
A study published in Ecology found that baby tiger sharks eat a variety of terrestrial birds, including songbirds like sparrows and woodpeckers. The sharks' stomachs contained remains from 41 out of 105 juvenile sharks, revealing a diet that includes land-dwelling bird species.
Research found that button batteries can cause gastric wall perforation and erosive injuries in 60% of cases, regardless of symptom presence or passage time. Clinicians should consider removing batteries promptly to avoid repeated ER visits and imaging.
A Stanford-led study reveals that once Helicobacter pylori colonizes a pitlike gland in the stomach, it becomes difficult for other strains to dislodge it. The findings raise questions about the effectiveness of probiotic approaches and hint at potentially effective ways to deal with life-threatening H. pylori strains.
Researchers at Nanyang Technological University have developed a self-inflating weight management capsule called EndoPil. The capsule induces a sense of fullness, helping obese patients manage their weight without the need for invasive procedures.
The team tested two devices, one that can change conformation in the esophagus to exit after drug delivery and another that can reside in the stomach until intentionally triggered. The devices were inspired by design principles of transformable materials and showed promise for fast and robust response.
Scientists have developed a retrievable wire-like device that safely delivers large dosages of drugs over several weeks to treat tuberculosis (TB) in pigs. The device, tested successfully, could help patients adhere to treatment regimens more easily, particularly in remote areas where healthcare resources are limited.
Researchers have created an oral formulation of insulin using a pill-sized device that can deliver a microinjection from within the stomach. The device, called SOMA, uses a spring and sugar disc to trigger the injection, and has shown promising results in animal trials with a marked decrease in blood glucose levels.
A new capsule has been developed to deliver oral doses of insulin, potentially replacing injections for people with type 2 diabetes. The capsule contains a small needle that releases insulin in the stomach, and its design allows it to orient itself to ensure contact with the stomach lining.
Researchers designed an ingestible pill that quickly inflates to track stomach temperature for 30 days, then deflates using calcium solution. The hydrogel-based design is softer and longer-lasting than current sensors, inspired by the pufferfish's defense mechanism.
Researchers from UTA describe a previously unknown species of snake, Cenaspis aenigma, found in the stomach of a Central American coral snake. The discovery reveals unique features that distinguish it from known genera, including undivided subcaudal scales and cup-like structures on its hemipenes.
A new, battery-free implantable device has been developed by University of Wisconsin-Madison engineers to aid in weight loss. The device generates gentle electric pulses that stimulate the vagus nerve, helping the brain feel full after only a few bites of food.
Researchers at MIT have developed a wireless ingestible capsule that can be controlled using Bluetooth technology. The capsule, which can deliver drugs or sense environmental conditions, can reside in the stomach for up to a month and transmit information to a user's smartphone.
Scientists visualized a real virus with a three-dimensional model to track its movement within a mosquito's body. The study found that the virus leaves the midgut within 32-48 hours, revealing a narrow window for prevention. Researchers aim to inhibit genes involved in virus release to prevent future transmission.
Purdue University researchers used an MRI to study the effects of vagus nerve stimulation on stomach complications, showing it can correct symptoms and speed up gastric emptying. The technique has potential for more precise treatment than existing methods, and further research is planned.
Researchers have created a stable encapsulation system using cellulose and alginate to protect probiotics from stomach acid, allowing them to survive until reaching the intestine. This breakthrough may lead to more effective treatments for conditions like diarrhea and inflammatory bowel disease.