Articles tagged with Striatum
Researchers at OIST have confirmed that specific cholinergic interneurons play a key role in maintaining behavioral flexibility by inhibiting old rules and encouraging exploration. Rats with damaged neurons had difficulty adapting to rule changes, highlighting the importance of these neurons in decision-making.
Interneurons from the medial ganglionic eminence migrate to the striatum through a mechanism involving Eph/ephrins signalling. The study reveals parallel mechanisms of target chemoattraction and off-target chemorepulsion for interneuron migration.
Researchers found that rats' behavior changed according to waiting times, mimicking human actions. The neural basis was linked to the striatum, where neurons encoded time as a position within an interval, not absolute units.
Scientists at OIST Graduate University found that cell groups in the neostriatum do not communicate with each other and are less interconnected. The discovery has implications for studying diseases like Parkinson's, which affects motor control.
Researchers used a rat model to map the brain's communication between nerve cells as they learned to make decisions based on specific sounds. The study found that training rats to associate low frequency tones with food strengthened synaptic connections in the striatum, leading to improved performance.
Researchers created a computer model to understand how animals learn from feedback, revealing how brain signals work together to choose actions. The study provides new insights into motor disorders like Parkinson's Disease and abnormal learning in conditions such as addiction.
Researchers at OIST Graduate University found that extrasynaptic receptors are essential for establishing a plateau in the membrane potential of neurons, allowing them to signal more effectively. Blocking these receptors with memantine reduces the frequency and synchrony of neural activity.
Researchers found that huntingtin protein activates signaling by mTORC1, leading to premature disease onset and worsening symptoms. The study offers new target for drug development, potentially preventing neurodegeneration through reduced mTORC1 activation.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet find that the striatum integrates sensory input from touch, vision, and sound to guide movements. The study provides insight into the brain's processing of external input and its role in motor function and disease.
Researchers discovered a link between credit assignment and choice bias, finding that people value rewards they choose more than equivalent rewards not chosen. The study used computational modeling and behavioral experiments to test the hypothesis, and found evidence supporting the proposed biological mechanism.
Knocking down α-synuclein in a methamphetamine-induced model of Parkinson's disease reduced depression manifestations, increased striatal dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase levels, and decreased reactive oxygen species. This suggests that α-synuclein may exacerbate oxidative stress and apoptosis in dopaminergic neurons.
Research by Yan Yu et al. found that substance P receptor neurokinin 1 is highly expressed in both hippocampus and striatal marginal division, affecting learning and memory function. The study suggests a similar role of the marginal division in learning and memory as the hippocampus.
Neurons in the prefrontal cortex and striatum synchronize their brain waves to form new communication circuits during category-learning, enabling rapid adaptation. This phenomenon likely precedes changes in synapses and underlies the human mind's flexibility.
Duke researchers discovered a novel neuron population in the adult brain that instructs stem cells to produce new neurons. The finding opens up possibilities for brain repair and regeneration through neural circuits.
Researchers have discovered a unique pattern of neurogenesis in the adult human brain, particularly in the striatum region. New neurons are generated here, which could potentially be useful for developing novel therapies for neurological diseases.
Research by Véronique Bohbot reveals a direct link between stimulus-response learning and increased substance abuse, particularly smoking, alcohol and cannabis use. A developed striatum is associated with this behavior.
Researchers at MIT found that blocking activity in the infralimbic cortex prevents rats from learning to run a maze on autopilot. The study suggests a new approach to treating disorders of repetitive behavior by targeting this brain region.
Researchers from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory discover that specialized neurons in the auditory cortex transmit information to the striatum, forming a 'representative democracy' where minority neurons convey 'votes' to make decisions. This finding has implications for neural circuitry and decision-making.
Researchers found movement deficits and loss of tyrosine-hydroxylase-positive fibers in the striatum, with no significant decrease in nigral dopaminergic neurons. The study suggests that gliosis in the substantia nigra plays a role in introducing dopaminergic deficits.
Researchers found that non-self-donated stem cells survive better when injected into the striatum of the brain, accumulating along a 'pocket' between natural bordering regions. This discovery has important ramifications for designing cell therapies for neurological disorders.
A BUSM study has pinpointed the two main areas of the brain most severely impacted by Huntington's disease, the striatum and outer cortical regions. The research also found significant variation in the extent of cell death across individuals, with some experiencing severe damage while others appear virtually normal.
A recent brain study found that rats overeat chocolates due to an opium-like chemical in the brain, leading to increased desire and impulse to consume rewards. This discovery provides insight into human binge-eating tendencies and addiction.
A study published by Yale University researchers found that when the brain's glucose levels drop, an area responsible for regulating emotions and impulses loses its ability to resist high-calorie food. This response is particularly pronounced in obese individuals, who exhibit a heightened desire for high-calorie foods.
Researchers found that genetic variations can predict how persistently people will believe advice, even when it contradicts their experience. The study highlights the role of confirmation bias in decision-making, where people tend to distort experiences to align with pre-existing beliefs.
A new study from Karolinska Institutet finds that the limbic striatum, an evolutionarily old part of the brain, is involved in implicit learning of motor sequences. This discovery sheds light on fundamental learning systems shared with primitive vertebrates and has implications for developing treatments for diseases like Parkinson's.
A study found that choosing high-risk, high-gain options activates a key brain area associated with reward and pleasure. The researchers also discovered that the brain's response increases with the amount of money involved.
Researchers have identified groups of neurons that precisely keep time in the primate brain, allowing for fine-scale control over actions. The discovery opens doors to investigations into how the brain produces and uses its natural time code.
Researchers identified populations of neurons coding time with extreme precision in the primate brain's prefrontal cortex and striatum. This fine-scale coverage enables precise timing of actions, such as speaking or driving a car.
A Yale researcher suggests that a competition between brain areas can explain why people forget tasks, such as dropping off dry cleaning. This 'dry cleaning effect' involves the interaction between the striatum and hippocampus, which may be relevant to understanding mental illnesses like obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Researchers found that perceiving a good reputation activates the brain's reward system in a similar manner to monetary rewards. The study used fMRI experiments on 19 people and found robust activation of reward-related brain areas, particularly the striatum.
A team of researchers has made a groundbreaking discovery in the Movement, Adaptation, Cognition Laboratory, revealing an interaction at the cellular level between cognitive information and motor information. This finding provides a fundamental advance in understanding the physiological role of the basal ganglia and has significant imp...
Research reveals a metabolic defect underlying Huntington's disease, causing temperature dysregulation in brain regions like the striatum. The findings may explain symptoms like weight loss and could lead to new therapeutic avenues.
Researchers used fMRI to study brain activity in response to rewards, finding that reward centers were activated when participants actively received the reward. Active participation was found to be more salient and arousing than passive receipt, highlighting its importance for brain function.
A study by Johns Hopkins scientists has found that up to 80% of patients with degenerative brain diseases such as Huntington's disease also suffer from depression, impaired thinking, and changes in personality. The researchers believe that many symptoms can be eased with treatment, improving the quality of life for these patients.
Researchers at Emory University report that a growth factor stimulation increases new neurons in the brain's striatum and cortex, raising hope for treating neurodegenerative diseases. The study confirms previous findings on adult mammalian forebrain's capacity to produce new neurons.