Articles tagged with Visual Cortex
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Researchers have pinpointed the brain region responsible for unifying double vision, a process crucial for tasks such as aiming and catching objects. This finding may lead to new treatments for amblyopia, a condition where the brain favors one eye over the other.
Researchers found that learning enhances top-down control in the brain's visual cortex, allowing it to better predict and fill in missing information. This cognitive process has implications for understanding psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia.
Researchers developed a computer model to simulate the biological processes of neural network development in the visual cortex. The results show that newborns possess specialized nerve cells but lack systematic connections, which are refined through experience, leading to improved perception.
The brain's electrical activity displays statistical hallmarks of criticality, a state where information processing is optimized. Spontaneous avalanches in the brain hold it at this balance point, with sensory input momentarily pushing the cortex away but adapting back to optimal critical regime.
A recent study published in Neuron reveals that the brain's visual cortex can differentiate between important and irrelevant images through practice. The researchers found that as mice learned to associate certain images with rewards, specific neurons in the brain became more responsive to those images.
Researchers found that the brain's visual cortex retains fundamental topographical and functional connectivity organizational principles, including retinotopic mapping, in people born blind. The study dispels the notion that blindness impairs brain development.
A brain imaging study has found evidence of complex processing in the initial stages of the visual system, contradicting long-held assumptions about how the brain perceives visual stimuli. The researchers used high-resolution fMRI to discover that the human lateral geniculate nucleus plays a key role in processing line orientations.
Scientists studied a woman with low vision since birth whose vision was restored through surgery. While the brain's visual cortex showed some plasticity, full normal functioning was not regained after several months. The study has implications for predicting outcomes in individuals considering eye surgery.
Researchers found that newer generation of deep neural networks can identify visual objects as accurately as the primate brain. The success suggests neuroscientists have a fairly accurate grasp of how object recognition works, which could lead to better artificial intelligence and new ways to repair visual dysfunction.
A study found that just a few nerve cells in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) may control the switch between internal thoughts and external distractions. The TRN's firing patterns were altered using laser light, revealing its role in regulating consciousness and mental states.
Researchers at the University of Oregon have identified a brainstem circuit in mice that links visual processing with physical movement. The discovery suggests that active movement can enhance sensory perception, potentially leading to new treatments for motor dysfunction and neuroplasticity enhancement.
Researchers found that the visual cortex uses auditory input to predict incoming information, enhancing its ability to focus on surprising events. This discovery could provide insights into mental health conditions such as schizophrenia or autism.
University of Toronto researchers have found that the 'Jesus in toast' phenomenon is a result of physical causes and human brain's unique wiring. The study suggests that people can see images such as faces or words due to expectations and brain activation, revealing the role of frontal cortex in visual perception.
A new study reveals that the brain achieves focused attention on faces or other objects by synchronizing activity in the inferior frontal junction (IFJ) with specific brain regions. The IFJ coordinates with the fusiform face area (FFA) and parahippocampal place area (PPA), suggesting a parallel process involving different areas.
Congenitally blind individuals can learn to recognize human body shapes through soundscapes, with an average of 70 hours of training required. The brain's visual cortex responds to sound patterns, allowing participants to detect posture and imitate movements.
Researchers have noninvasively mapped human brain activity with unique accuracy, identifying both location and timing of brain processes. The study used a novel brain-scanning technique combining fMRI and MEG data to pinpoint when the brain recognizes objects and categorizes them.
Researchers discovered that the brain reduces data volumes in the primary visual cortex, using image differences to efficiently process sensory information. The study used novel optical imaging methods and found that neurons represent only new or missing elements when the time elapsing between images is longer than 100 milliseconds.
Researchers at RIKEN Brain Science Institute have discovered a protein called BTBD3 that optimizes neuronal shape for efficient sensory input reception. This finding sheds light on how brain cells are positioned to receive incoming sensory information, enabling highly developed senses in animals.
In a breakthrough study, researchers found that brain neurons can regulate their own activity to maintain a constant level of activity even after significant changes, such as sensory organ loss. This allows for regeneration and adaptation, essential for healthy brain function and recovery from injury.
Researchers have discovered a simple homeostatic rule that governs the formation of new neural networks in the visual cortex, enabling the brain to adapt to changes. The theory also sheds light on how synapses are formed and abandoned, with implications for understanding learning processes and treating neurological diseases.
A team of neuroscientists has identified a specific area in the visual cortex called V4 that is involved in creating illusory contours. The brain's neural activity in this region correlates with the perception of these illusions, which are thought to be an evolutionary adaptation for detecting predators or prey.
Researchers discovered that a reward linked to an image can activate the visual cortex in rhesus monkeys, indicating that rewards influence visual processing. The study used fMRI scans and found that dopamine signaling plays a key role in this process.
A study found that a biomarker based on brain activity in the visual cortex can predict response to scopolamine, an experimental rapid-acting antidepressant. Patients with depression showed lower visual cortex activity, which correlated with treatment response.
Researchers found that men have a greater sensitivity to fine detail and rapidly moving stimuli, while women excel at distinguishing colors. This difference is attributed to the presence of more neurons in the visual cortex of males.
Researchers found that people see things with greater clarity when they are emotionally arousing and remember them more vividly. This phenomenon, known as 'emotionally enhanced vividness,' is linked to increased activity in the brain's visual cortex and amygdala. Studies used brain imaging measures to confirm these findings.
A mysterious region in the human brain, called the pulvinar, acts as a switchboard operator that sorts through external stimuli and focuses on relevant information. This discovery could lead to new ways of understanding and treating attention-related disorders like ADHD and schizophrenia.
A team of researchers from Carnegie Mellon University has identified the neural mechanisms behind selecting what to visually attend to. They found that different regions in the brain communicate through white matter connections, allowing individuals to filter out irrelevant information.
Neural recordings reveal brain activity that encodes visual categories in the posterior parietal cortex, outperforming the prefrontal cortex. The study suggests that the parietal cortex is more involved in the categorization process, particularly for spatial and visual tasks.
A team of researchers developed a computer model based on human neural structure and function to recognize shapes. The model, inspired by the hierarchical organization of the human visual cortex, successfully reproduced human performance in identifying shapes, opening up new ways to approach object detection problems.
Researchers created visual illusions to stimulate nerve cells in the visual cortex, revealing their role in estimating 3D shape. The study found that the brain uses complex cells to measure local orientation of patterns in the retinal image.
A recent study reveals that individuals with grapheme-color synesthesia exhibit increased activity in the brain's visual cortex, a finding that provides insight into the neural mechanisms underlying conscious awareness. The research also suggests that the brains of synesthetes may be more excitable than those without the condition.
A recent study using functional magnetic resonance imaging has found that attention, rather than awareness, modulates the activity in the primary visual cortex. This suggests that these two mental processes may be dissociated and affect nerve cells differently. The findings have implications for philosophy and psychology.
Researchers discovered that damage to a small area of the right hemisphere can lead to widespread impact on remote parts of the cortex, challenging traditional assumptions about visual neuroscience. The study found that multiple areas of the brain underlie object recognition, and neural plasticity is possible even in adulthood.
Researchers found that the medial orbito-frontal cortex is activated when people experience beauty, supporting the idea that beauty lies in the beholder. The study also found that this region was active for both visual and auditory beauty, suggesting an abstract concept of beauty within the brain.
Scientists have developed a new technique to map both connections and functions of nerve cells in the brain for the first time. The 'connectomics' approach aims to understand how perceptions, sensations, and thoughts are generated in the brain, with potential applications in diseases like Alzheimer's and schizophrenia.
Researchers at Ruhr-University Bochum successfully visualized distinct activity patterns overlaid in primary visual cortex, indicating simultaneous encoding of object orientation and motion direction speed. This breakthrough demonstrates the brain's ability to process multiple visual cues simultaneously.
In people born blind, parts of the visual cortex are recruited for language processing, overturning the idea that language processing occurs in highly specialized brain regions. The study suggests that brain function is more dynamic and adaptable than previously thought.
Researchers found that individual volunteers' perceptions of optical illusions varied greatly due to differences in brain size. The primary visual cortex area affects the extent to which we see visual illusions.
A team of scientists has made significant progress in understanding how the brain's 'hearing center' processes sound by mapping its acoustic space. They discovered that neurons within the auditory cortex respond to sounds based on their frequency, but also found an unexpected out-of-column pattern for some neurons.
Researchers found that blind individuals use specialized modules in the visual cortex to process spatial location, analysis of space, patterns, and motion. This neural plasticity enables them to refine their sense of sound and touch, exceeding sighted people's abilities.
The brain is highly flexible during growth, with neuronal connections restructured through self-organisational processes. The number of nerve cells remains unchanged, but non-neuronal cells increase, enabling the visual cortex to adapt to new experiences.
Research reveals that temporary hearing deprivation during childhood can cause persistent hearing deficits, similar to amblyopia. The auditory cortex's vulnerability to lack of stimulation during critical periods suggests a similar problem exists in the realm of hearing, leading to 'lazy ear.'
Neurobiologists at the University of Maryland discovered that the brain's auditory cortex is more complex and chaotic than previously thought, with neighboring neurons creating different outputs. This disorder could indicate that the brain is far more adaptable than previously thought.
A Yale team found that inhibitory neurons in the visual cortex control how excitatory cells interact, allowing the brain to process complex scenes efficiently. The 'iceberg phenomenon' shows that only essential information is processed, while non-essential stimuli are suppressed.
New studies demonstrate the thalamus' importance in sensory processing, refuting its previous view as a passive relay station. The structure is found to be involved in higher-order cortical functioning, including auditory and visual systems.
A new study shows that infants as young as five months old have established neural pathways to sense looming danger. As they become more mobile, their ability to process this information improves, with more mature infants able to respond faster.
A University of Toronto study shows that people in good moods see more information, while those in bad moods experience tunnel vision. This suggests that our mood affects the way we process visual information.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University found that brain cells in a specific region store visual information for up to two seconds, enabling the creation of a stable visual world despite rapid changes. This discovery may have practical implications for understanding and treating disorders such as attention deficit disorder and dyslexia.
Researchers successfully trained patients with severe visual impairments after a stroke to regain some vision through intensive computer exercises. By building on existing 'blindsight,' the brain's healthy regions were stimulated to take on tasks normally handled by damaged areas.
A new MIT study sheds light on the underlying neural mechanism of macular degeneration, revealing that deprived neurons respond equally to stimuli at both preferred and non-preferred locations. The findings suggest a relatively passive response to visual deprivation.
A study by John T. Serences and colleagues found that the visual cortex actively 'thinks' about specific features of an object during short-term memory, allowing for the maintenance of relevant details. This suggests that observers have top-down control over which features are stored in their online mental workspace.
Research reveals how value influences visual processing, with early regions of the visual cortex activated by more valuable stimuli. Frontal and parietal cortex areas track value differences to guide decision making.
Researchers demonstrate a blind man's ability to navigate an obstacle course without visual awareness, utilizing alternative brain routes. The study reveals the importance of these hidden pathways in everyday navigation and function.
A new study shows that brain activity increases in the visual cortex when patients with macular degeneration focus on using other parts of their retina to compensate for their loss of central vision. The brain reorganizes its neural connections to process information from other parts of the eye.
Researchers have developed a new technique using Granger causality to analyze brain activity, revealing the flow of information between brain regions. This breakthrough could advance efforts to help patients recover from brain injuries and mental disorders.
Researchers aim to develop new computational models of visual system learning and uncover mechanisms that explain the learning process in neural circuits. The project seeks to understand the role of feedback connections in the visual cortex during learning.
A long-term study found that sudden vision loss leads to rapid changes in the visual cortex, enabling it to process touch. The brain's adaptability was revealed to be greater than previously thought, with potential implications for other sensory losses and brain injuries.
A recent study in monkeys found that auditory stimulation directly improves visual perception without involving higher brain areas. The researchers recorded neuronal responses and measured latency, showing a 5-10% decrease in response time when visual signals were weaker, suggesting the auditory cue speeds up the response.
The study found that antidepressants like fluoxetine enhance neuronal plasticity in the visual system by increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), allowing for improved vision in individuals with amblyopia. Environmental stimuli, such as rehabilitation or therapy, are required to guide the rearrangement of cortical connections.
Researchers discovered neurons in monkeys' prefrontal cortex respond to specific Arabic numerals and shapes, similar to children's activation patterns. This suggests the brain builds on existing numerical precursor systems to acquire symbolic numerical abilities.