Articles tagged with Hormone Signaling
A new study finds that discrimination influences the central and enteric nervous systems, altering the bidirectional signaling between the brain and gut microbiome. This leads to changes in systemic inflammation, emotional arousal, and psychological symptoms across different racial and ethnic groups.
A study of obese women on the 'warrior diet' found no significant change in sex-binding globulin hormone levels but a moderate drop in dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels, linked to reduced breast cancer risk. Women also experienced weight loss and improved insulin resistance.
A group of researchers from Nagoya University has discovered a previously unknown pathway that regulates whether a plant uses its resources for growth or stress tolerance. The discovery involves the PSY family of hormones, which bind to receptors and mediate the switch between the stress response and growth.
Prof. George P. Chrousos has made significant advancements in endocrine research, especially in stress biology and the HPA axis. His work has opened new horizons in understanding complex human disorders such as anxiety, depression, and metabolic syndrome.
A recent study by Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center researchers has shed light on the mechanisms of salt transport across membrane barriers. The findings have significant implications for treating cystic fibrosis, a disease caused by mutations in three types of sodium-potassium pumps.
The joint position statement from British Menopause Society, RCOG, and SfE provides evidence-based guidance for healthcare professionals caring for women experiencing menopause. It recommends an individualised approach to care, considering the risks and benefits of therapies as well as lifestyle choices.
Virginia Tech scientists led by Sora Shin are investigating the brain pathways responsible for high-fat diet overconsumption. The study aims to identify a framework for understanding how leptin-responsive circuits respond to food exposure and increase the risk of emotional overeating after abstinence.
A new study by the University of Birmingham found that dopamine levels can affect emotion recognition in people with neurological disorders. Those with low baseline dopamine levels improved their ability to recognize emotions after receiving a dopamine boost, while those with higher baseline levels became worse at emotion recognition.
A new study from Pennington Biomedical Research Center found that FGF21 is critical for extending lifespan and improving metabolic health in mice fed a low-protein diet. Without FGF21, mice fail to adapt to the diet and exhibit detrimental effects on health.
Researchers found that salicylic acid and jasmonic acid increase in response to fungal infection, increasing plant resistance without negatively affecting growth. High levels of both hormones make trees more resistant to fungal attack.
Researchers at the University of Houston have developed a novel technology to monitor membrane protein trafficking in real-time using bioluminescence. This allows for the study of cellular processes and drug development for heart disease, metabolic disorders, cancer, infectious diseases, COVID-19, and others.
Researchers discovered that bacteria suppress membrane protein transport in response to stress, using alarm hormones to regulate the process. This allows the microorganisms to slow down their cellular processes and recover when conditions become more favorable.
A new study by Chinese Academy of Sciences researchers identifies follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) as the major pathogenic factor driving Alzheimer's disease in women. FSH increases during menopause and activates a critical pathway, leading to AD pathology.
A new study by the University of Arizona has identified a brain region and neural circuitry that mediate satiation, making it possible to create treatments with fewer side effects for eating disorders and weight management. The parasubthalamic nucleus plays a key role in regulating feelings of fullness after eating.
Recent clinical and experimental data suggest that vascular calcification and bone loss share common pathophysiological mechanisms. The International Osteoporosis Foundation's new review elucidates the key associations between the two disorders.
Researchers found that a receptor in the brain detects nutritional state and regulates puberty timing and growth rate, explaining why humans have been growing taller and reaching sexual maturity earlier over the past century. The discovery has immediate practical implications for testing children with growth delays.
Researchers aim to generate a model of brain-fat communication system to regulate metabolism during environmental challenges. The study uses cutting-edge techniques like immunolabeling-enabled imaging to identify new components of neural circuits controlling brown and white fat tissues.
Scientists have found that malignant epithelial tumours produce a protein called Upd3, which blocks the production of steroid hormones and activates signalling pathways to delay development. This discovery has significant implications for understanding delays in puberty caused by various medical conditions.
A University of Delaware researcher studies the impact of birth experiences on hormone development, finding that C-sections disrupt natural hormonal signals. He proposes investigating potential interventions to promote healthier outcomes, such as reintroducing missing microbes or hormones in children born via cesarean.
Research suggests that cesarean delivery leads to lower levels of key 'birth signaling hormones', which may influence long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. The study's findings have significant implications for understanding the potential effects of cesarean delivery on autism and obesity rates.
Researchers at University of Freiburg and University of Zurich provide detailed understanding of allostery's dynamics and structure changes. Allostery is crucial for protein signaling, with disruptions potentially leading to diseases like cancer.
A new study led by Dr. Christopher Morrison reveals the nervous system cells and circuits that influence our metabolism and health in response to dietary changes. FGF21, a hormone produced by the liver, plays a crucial role in signaling to the brain when protein intake is low, triggering metabolic changes that improve health.
Researchers identified six genes responsible for producing plant antibiotics that control fungal disease resistance in maize. This breakthrough could lead to improved disease resistance in rice and other crops using the same genetic pathways.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have identified a liver hormone called tsukushi that slows down metabolism when energy levels are high. The study found that mice without this hormone gained less weight and had better metabolic parameters than normal mice.
Scientists have discovered a neural superhighway that enables rapid communication between the gut and brain, contradicting decades of research on hormonal transmission. This breakthrough has profound implications for our understanding of appetite and other gut-related disorders.
Repeated binge drinking alters gene expression in the brain, affecting hormone signaling and immune function in females, while nerve signaling is impacted in males. This study highlights the importance of tailoring treatments for male and female patients with alcohol use disorder.
A recent study published in Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology found that bigger honeybee colonies have quieter combs than smaller ones. Bees actively reduce vibrations by grasping the comb, possibly through their posture, which helps them communicate with each other.
The study reveals how fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) signals to cells through its receptor and alpha-Klotho, reversing previous conjecture on alpha-Klotho's anti-aging role. The findings also shed light on kidney disease leading to heart hypertrophy.
Research reveals that dodder plants transmit herbivory-induced signals among host plants, triggering defense responses and reducing insect growth. The discovery showcases the complex ecological interactions between parasitic plants and their hosts.
Researchers at Carnegie Institution identified KIB1 as a crucial component of the brassinosteroid signaling chain, essential for maximizing plant growth and survival. The discovery sheds light on the complex system of hormones guiding plant development and could lead to engineering high-yield crops.
A study led by Leonida Fusani demonstrates that the hormone ghrelin regulates migratory behavior in birds, controlling when to rest and replenish energy stores. The research team also found that an inactive form of ghrelin is a more influential factor than previously thought.
A team of Duke scientists used DNA-sequencing and computerized biology to study the glucocorticoid receptor's signaling system. They found that only 13% of binding sites directly respond to hormones, while the remaining 87% act as clusters that amplify signals.
Water fleas, such as Daphnia, grow defensive structures like helmets and spines in response to predator chemical cues. This 'arming' process allows them to tailor their defenses to specific predators, potentially affecting ecosystem composition and population dynamics.
A new care pathway provides evidence-based information for healthcare professionals to address menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease. The pathway emphasizes holistic assessment and personalized approach to maintaining post-reproductive health.
Researchers at the University of Toronto have created a genetically engineered plant biosensor to detect and prevent parasitic Striga infestations. The tool uses protein-based hormone receptors present within Striga to mimic plant hormones and trap the parasite, allowing for its destruction.
A new study from Lund University reveals a special oat oil preparation can produce greater satiety, leading to reduced energy intake. The unique composition of the oat oil, featuring polar fats, delays fat breakdown and stimulates the release of three key satiety hormones.
New research from Carnegie's Zhiyong Wang laboratory identifies key aspects of the hormonal responses of plants to changes in light and heat. The study reveals a biochemical 'command system' that integrates multiple environmental and hormonal signals into growth regulation.
A new study found that ghrelin increases the response to food pictures in brain regions involved in reward and motivation, suggesting a link between pleasure signals and metabolic drives. The findings may have implications for treating obesity and could inform policies aimed at reducing fast food consumption.
Scientists at Albert Einstein College of Medicine identify genetic variations influencing human longevity. The study found that female children of centenarians had higher IGF-I plasma levels, suggesting a possible compensation mechanism for impaired growth.
Researchers identify the first protein to activate G-protein signaling from within a cell, opening up new pathways for drug development. The discovery of Arr4 could lead to more selective and effective medications with fewer side effects.
Researchers at Norwich BioScience Institutes discover that cells at the margins of leaves and petals secrete a mobile growth signal controlling size. This signal is distinct from classical plant hormones, influencing leaf division until a certain threshold is reached.
A study published in JCI Journals reveals that Gq/G11-mediated signaling plays a crucial role in regulating thyroid gland function. Mice lacking these proteins had impaired thyroid function and symptoms similar to hypothyroidism, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets for hyperthyroidism.
Researchers found that leptin suppresses appetite in tadpoles, but not as it does in other animals, allowing them to continue eating and developing limbs. The study reveals a new role for leptin in frog development and highlights its importance in regulating energy balance.
Researchers deciphered the signaling pathway for a key class of steroid hormones that regulates growth and development in plants, enabling potential manipulation of plant stature. This breakthrough could lead to broader implications for urban forestry, crop development, and agricultural practices.
Researchers at the Salk Institute have clarified the response pathway to steroid hormone brassinolide, a key element in plant growth. The study reveals that BES1 is activated in the nucleus after BIN2 inhibition, leading to gene activation and promoting plant growth.
Researchers discovered that melanopsin, a protein in the eyes, absorbs light and triggers a biochemical cascade to signal the brain about brightness. This allows ipRGCs to synchronize the body's daily rhythms with the sun's rising and setting, controlling alertness, sleep, hormone production, and organ function.
Researchers discovered a molecular switch that guides cell communication before a message reaches the nucleus, adding complexity to understanding cellular signals. This switch determines which signal - calcium or cAMP - will be used, leading to different responses in target proteins and potential therapies for serious disorders.
Researchers James E. Darnell and Ali H. Brivanlou propose a reclassification of all known transcription factors, grouping them by their behavior rather than physical structure. This framework aims to provide a better understanding of how cells 'read' genetic instructions and may lead to new drug therapies for diseases such as cancer an...
Researchers discovered two converging pathways regulated by leptin, which modulate energy expenditure through the TRH promoter. Thyroid hormone also suppresses TRH production, integrating various signals to control energy metabolism.
Researchers have made significant advances in understanding the molecular pathway of root development by studying the auxin signaling pathway. The study identified a novel plant gene called NAC1, which is expressed in root tips and regulates the effect of auxin on root formation.
Scientists discovered how ecdysone initiates a biochemical cascade controlling genes that destroy salivary gland tissues during Drosophila metamorphosis. The study reveals key components of the 'death cascade' and suggests potential connections to mammalian cell death programs.
Researchers discovered a novel pathway controlling bone formation and density through the brain's hypothalamus, where leptin acts as a natural bone inhibitor. This finding offers potential treatment approaches for osteoporosis by manipulating the leptin pathway.
Researchers at UCSF found that reducing a worm's ability to perceive its environment through smell or taste extends its lifespan by more than a third, from two weeks to three or four weeks. This suggests that chemical signals from the environment, possibly pheromones or food smells, influence aging in C. elegans.