Articles tagged with Metabolism
Researchers have developed a method to precisely control the distance between electrodes and cells, allowing for accurate measurement of single-cell oxygen consumption. This enables quick analysis of cell activity and metabolic processes.
A study published in PNAS reveals how disrupted cellular energy metabolism contributes to the development of Alzheimer's disease. In early-stage Alzheimer's, amyloid-beta-peptide accumulation disrupts mitochondrial function, leading to over-accumulation of calcium and neuronal death.
Research reveals ATRX mutations cause DNA damage leading to premature aging symptoms such as shortened lifespan, cataracts and low bone density. The study found mice without the ATRX gene displayed problems in learning and memory, body growth and metabolism.
Studies found women with PCOS identified through general population screening had similar obesity rates as those without the condition. However, women actively seeking treatment had significantly higher obesity rates. This challenges the long-held assumption that obesity is a hallmark of PCOS.
Christina Wang, a leading LA BioMed researcher, has been recognized for her outstanding contributions to the field of andrology. Her research has focused on male reproductive health and disease, with a particular emphasis on androgen replacement therapy and hormonal male contraceptive development.
Mark Andermann, PhD, received a three-year $300,000 award to investigate the effects of hunger on cognition. His research aims to understand the neural pathways controlling hunger and attention, with potential applications for treating obesity and eating disorders.
A new non-invasive optical measurement system monitors neonatal brain activity via cerebral metabolism and blood flow. The system, developed by Dr. Maria Angela Franceschini, will allow clinicians to screen for brain injury and monitor injury progression.
Researchers found a cross-talk between two types of brown fat that helps maintain body temperature and protect against diet-induced obesity. The study's findings may lead to new therapies that increase BAT formation to treat obesity.
Researchers developed a model that calculates how temperature changes affect parasite metabolism and life cycle, helping to predict disease ranges. The Princeton metabolic model can identify prospects for nearly any disease-causing parasite, even with limited knowledge of the organism.
Employees enrolled in a six-month worksite-based weight loss intervention with behavioral counseling lost an average of 18 pounds, while those in a control group gained two pounds. The study also found improvements in markers for cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk.
Researchers found that African-American and Caucasian women absorb and metabolize vitamin D at the same rate. Vitamin D deficiency can cause abnormalities in calcium, phosphorus, and bone metabolism, leading to conditions like osteomalacia and muscle weakness.
Researchers discover that belly and thigh fat differ significantly in gene expression, with unique homeobox genes influencing fat cell behavior. This finding may lead to targeted treatments for obesity, shifting focus from belly fat to hip and thigh fat.
A study published in Applied and Environmental Microbiology found that changes in dietary cholesterol can alter the gut flora, leading to a shift in bacterial populations. The researchers discovered that this change triggered an increase in cholesterol excretion into the gut, which in turn affected the abundance of certain bacterial taxa.
Researchers have elucidated the function of Translation Elongation Factor P (EF-P) during protein synthesis, revealing its role in regulating protein copy numbers in response to changing conditions. EF-P helps stalled ribosomes overcome a specific proline-rich motif, allowing for adjusted protein production.
Joslin scientists have discovered that brown adipose tissue has beneficial effects on glucose tolerance, body weight, and metabolism. The study showed improved insulin sensitivity, lower body weights, and decreased fat mass in mice with BAT transplantation.
A recent study published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that a mother's vitamin D level is positively related to birth weight and head circumference. Additionally, a deficiency in vitamin D during the first trimester was negatively associated with the risk of a baby being born small for gestational age.
High-altitude mice utilize carbohydrates for energy due to low oxygen levels, a strategy that could be relevant to humans and other high-altitude mammals. This evolutionary adaptation allows them to efficiently use energy in oxygen-poor environments.
Researchers will use x-ray crystallography and NMR to understand the structural rules governing nuclear receptors' activity. The goal is to fill gaps in knowledge about these proteins' role in metabolism, cancer, inflammation, and bone health.
A study found that a gene variant producing efficient arsenic metabolism is common among Atacameño Indian villagers in Argentina, reducing health risks associated with high levels of arsenic. The research suggests human evolutionary adaptation to environmental toxins may vary among populations.
Research reveals that gene length is crucial for protein expression, with shorter genes utilizing specialized terminators to avoid repression. This finding highlights the importance of gene ends in regulating gene activity.
A recent study found that African American diabetic patients experienced higher rates of end-stage renal failure but lower rates of coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke compared to white diabetic patients. The study also showed female diabetic patients had lower rates of complications than male patients.
Researchers discovered hummingbirds' reverse flight is cheaper than hovering and equally costly to forward flight, employing unique kinematic adjustments. The study found that the birds reduce wing beat frequency and inclination during backwards flight, making it 20% more efficient.
Researchers found that a timed high-fat diet reduces body weight and alters metabolism to utilize ingested fats for energy between meals. The study suggests scheduling food consumption can be a therapeutic tool to prevent obesity in humans.
A study at McGill University reveals that people with genetically fast nicotine metabolism have a greater brain response to smoking cues than those with slow metabolism. This finding may lead to tailoring smoking cessation programs based on individual genetics.
A new study reveals that brain clock oscillations are driven by cellular metabolism, which affects the production and flow of chemical energy in cells. The researchers found that redox reactions in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) oscillate on a 24-hour cycle, opening and closing channels of communication in brain cells.
A team of researchers from UNIGE, Switzerland, discovers a molecular mechanism that links body temperature to the expression of 'clock genes' and local oscillators. They also find that this mechanism affects detoxification and drug metabolism, with potential implications for understanding human physiology.
Researchers found that early exposure to antibiotics can alter the gut microbiome, leading to increased fat mass and percent body fat in mice. The study suggests a potential link between antibiotic use in childhood and later development of obesity. Further research is needed to confirm this theory.
A new study published in the journal Metabolism found that yo-yo dieting does not negatively impact metabolism or weight loss ability in the long term. The study involved 439 overweight women who were assigned to different weight loss groups, and found no significant differences between those with a history of yo-yo dieting and those w...
A new study challenges the long-held view that conserving energy maximizes sprinter performance. Instead, researchers found that maximizing the force of each foot hit on the ground allows sprinters to achieve top speed.
A recent study shows that liposuction can lead to an increase in visceral fat, associated with cardiovascular disease. However, regular physical activity effectively prevents this compensatory growth. The study found that exercising after liposuction reduces the risk of weight regain and related health issues.
The tuatara's unique chewing technique, using its lower jaw to slice food apart, raises doubts about the link between chewing and high metabolism in mammals. This specialized mechanism allows the tuatara to eat a wide range of prey, including beetles, spiders, and small lizards.
Scientists develop a technique to measure internal cell temperatures without altering cellular metabolism, opening doors for studying metastasis and differentiating healthy from cancerous cells. The 'fluorescence polarisation anisotropy' method uses green fluorescent proteins to provide non-invasive temperature readings.
A small phase I study suggests that deep brain stimulation, a therapy used for Parkinson's and depression, may increase neuronal activity in people with mild Alzheimer's disease. The treatment showed promising effects on brain function, including sustained increases in glucose metabolism.
Researchers found women who smoke and carry certain gene variants are more likely to experience hot flashes. The study suggests that these women may benefit from aggressive smoking cessation efforts.
Case Western Reserve researchers identify Kruppel-like Factor 15 (KLF15) as a key player in the body's ability to burn fat during exercise, increasing muscle force production. The discovery sheds light on the molecular mechanisms behind exercise benefits and may lead to therapeutic strategies for metabolic disorders.
Researchers have discovered that Rev-erb proteins play a crucial role in controlling the body's internal clock and fat metabolism. When both proteins are not functioning, the liver fills with fat, leading to metabolic disorders. The study highlights the importance of understanding the circadian rhythm of metabolism.
Researchers at Salk Institute find that two cellular switches play a crucial role in maintaining normal sleeping and eating cycles and metabolism. The discovery suggests a powerful link between circadian rhythms and metabolism, potentially leading to new treatments for disorders such as sleep problems, obesity, and diabetes.
Researchers have discovered a way to separate the beneficial and detrimental effects of rapamycin on aging and disease, specifically targeting mTORC1 protein complexes. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new therapies that combat age-related diseases without causing insulin resistance or diabetes.
Researchers propose that quantum metabolism explains metabolic changes causing healthy cells to become cancerous, enabling cells to outcompete for space and nutrients. Understanding this process could lead to new cancer treatment approaches.
Helen Hobbs, UT Southwestern researcher, receives prestigious award for identifying genetic factors that contribute to variations in cholesterol levels. Her work has led to a 28% reduction in LDL cholesterol levels and an 88% reduction in risk of coronary heart disease.
Scientists have developed a new method for studying selenium metabolism in living organisms, which could help clarify the element's potential anti-tumor properties. The technique uses enriched stable isotopes to track selenium concentrations in biological tissues and fluids, revealing its presence and behavior in the body.
Researchers studied judo, a complex and unpredictable sport, to understand how athletes spend their energy. They used a portable gas analyzer and mathematical formulas to determine the relative contributions of aerobic, lactic, and alactic anaerobic metabolism.
Research presented at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions found that children living in a neighborhood with a specially-designed bike trail were three times more likely to engage in vigorous physical activity. The study compared two low-income neighborhoods in Chattanooga, Tenn., one with a wide trail/sidewalk for biki...
Researchers identified five distinct dietary patterns among US adults based on demographic factors such as age, race, region, gender, income, and education. These patterns include the Southern, Traditional, Healthy, Sweets, and Alcohol diets, which have clear differences in food choices across demographic groups.
Researchers are deconstructing molecular and genetic rhythms to better understand biological timing mechanisms. By isolating genes and signals, they hope to control and repair broken clocks, leading to breakthroughs in fields like cancer research and communication signal improvement.
Research reveals that plastic nanoparticles impact fish feeding behavior and metabolic parameters, including weight loss and cholesterol levels. The findings have implications for assessing nanoparticle risks in aquatic ecosystems.
A study found that over half of prescription medications inhibit 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC) metabolism by 50 percent or more. This indicates that certain medications may need to be adjusted if taken with 17-OHPC, potentially affecting its effectiveness.
A recent study by Mars, Incorporated and partners reveals the extensive metabolism of flavanol compounds after consumption, challenging existing in vitro studies. This research provides a critical step forward in understanding how cocoa flavanols exert their circulatory and cardiovascular benefits.
Researchers around Günter Wächtershäuser demonstrate a self-generating metabolism in hot water, which leads to the formation of genetic material and the first cells. This discovery suggests that life arose billions of years ago in volcanic-hydrothermal flow ducts.
Researchers at Salk Institute find connection between cryptochromes and glucocorticoid receptors to regulate sugar metabolism, potentially avoiding side effects of asthma, allergies, and arthritis drugs. The discovery may lead to new therapies targeting the biological clock.
Two studies found that reducing NCoR in muscles increases exercise capacity and fat-burning, while reducing it in fat cells improves insulin sensitivity. The findings imply that limiting NCoR activity could be a potential treatment strategy for metabolic disorders.
Scientists have found that nicotinamide mononucleotide, a naturally occurring compound, can reverse diabetes in mice by improving glucose tolerance and reducing cholesterol levels. The study suggests that this compound may one day be used to treat or prevent type 2 diabetes.
Researchers discovered that ibuprofen and other NSAIDs selectively block endocannabinoid metabolism, potentially leading to new analgesic medications with fewer side effects. This finding raises the possibility of targeting inflammation and pain without the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular risks associated with traditional NSAIDs.
Recent PET-measurements show that mobile phone signals suppress glucose metabolism in specific brain areas. The study, conducted on 13 young males, reveals a methodologically unique approach combining brain imaging, radiation measurements, and modeling.
Researchers discovered that cardiotrophin 1 accelerates fat elimination from adipose tissue, increases muscle fat burning, and improves glucose uptake in cells. Treatment of obese mice with cardiotrophin 1 also reduces food intake and corrects obesity and diabetes.
A recent study found that heavier women have fewer hot flashes than their leaner counterparts after menopause. The inverse association between body size and hot flashes was observed only among older women, suggesting that age plays a significant role in this relationship.
Researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center have identified the Sirt3 enzyme as a potential target for treating type 2 diabetes and prediabetes. The study found that Sirt3 levels are decreased in skeletal muscle cells of individuals with diabetes, contributing to insulin resistance and energy metabolism issues.
A study suggests that wearing a cooling cap to cool the brain during sleep can eliminate insomnia symptoms. Participants with primary insomnia experienced similar sleep latency and efficiency as healthy controls when using a frontal cerebral thermal transfer cap.
Researchers have tested a new asthma medication that improves fat and protein metabolism, increasing energy expenditure by over 10% and fat burning by more than 25%. The medication, formoterol, is selective for lung receptors and does not affect the heart rate, suggesting potential benefits for body composition and health.
A recent study published in the Journal of Applied Physiology found that shorter warm-ups can result in less muscle fatigue and improved peak power output. The study suggested that sprint athletes may benefit from adopting a shorter and less strenuous warm-up for better performance.