Sexual Reproduction
Articles tagged with Sexual Reproduction
Bidirectional association between premenstrual disorders and psychiatric disorders
Researchers identify how enzyme affects infertility and cancer progression
A specific region of Dicer must be activated to achieve proper cell division and reproduction, a discovery that sheds light on the regulation of this enzyme's critical role in both cancer biology and fertility. This finding opens new avenues for studying how small epigenetic changes contribute to disease.
The hidden cost of sperm storage: Ejaculates found to deteriorate across the animal kingdom
A study led by Oxford University researchers reveals that sperm stored for extended periods deteriorates quickly, regardless of male age. Regular ejaculation has been shown to improve sperm quality in humans and animals alike.
Does sexual harassment behavior matter for ecosystems?
Researchers found that high levels of male harassment significantly reduced zooplankton abundance and decreased water flea size, highlighting the impact of social behavior on ecosystems. The study suggests that a specific behavioral threshold must be crossed before social interactions reshape an entire food web.
Fecal transplants from older mice significantly improve ovarian function and fertility in younger mice
A new study reveals that fecal transplants from older female mice significantly improve ovarian function and fertility in young mice. The transplants show a direct link between the gut microbiome and ovarian health, with potential implications for fertility and overall health as women age.
Researchers advance understanding of female sexual anatomy to improve pelvic cancer radiotherapy
Researchers provide radiation oncologists with practical guidance to identify and protect female sexual organs during pelvic cancer treatment. The study establishes a shared, standardized approach to identifying the bulboclitoris, enabling clinicians to measure radiation dose to these tissues.
Strategic sex: Alaska’s beluga whales swap mates for long-term survival
A new study reveals how beluga whales in Alaska's Bristol Bay survive through a surprising strategy: they mate with multiple partners over several years. This polygynandrous system helps maintain genetic diversity despite the population's small size and isolation.
Male bonobos track females’ reproductive cycle to maximize mating success
Male bonobos focus their mating efforts on females who have reached maximum swelling and are older, indicating a higher probability of ovulation. This flexible strategy allows them to overcome the unreliable nature of female fertility signals.
In mice, fertility treatments linked to higher mutations than natural conception
A new study on artificial reproductive technologies found that mice conceived with IVF have slightly increased rates of DNA errors compared to those conceived naturally. The researchers discovered a 30% increase in new single-nucleotide variants, which are unlikely to be harmful.
Parent-teen sexual health communication and teens’ health information and service seeking
A nationally representative survey found that frequent parent-teen communication is associated with increased teen self-efficacy for sexual and reproductive health information. Teens whose parents feel comfortable discussing topics are more likely to seek services, highlighting the importance of accurate information and open dialogue.
Underwater robot ‘Lassie’ discovers remarkable icefish nests during search for Shackleton’s lost ship off Antarctica
A remotely operated vehicle (ROV) in the Western Weddell Sea uncovered extensive maintained fish nesting grounds, revealing patterns and organization, which are thought to be a survival strategy. The discovery provides critical insights into Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems and their importance for biodiversity.
From lab to land: How hands-on computer science is building the future
A team of researchers led by Stephen McCormick has uncovered how fish know when to migrate, revealing that their pituitary gland is studded with photoreceptors that can perceive daylight changes. This discovery sheds light on the enduring migration mystery and will help in planning for climate change's impact on migrating fish populati...
Landmark discovery reveals how chromosomes are passed from one generation to the next
A landmark study reveals that a specific event guides the accurate distribution of chromosomes in egg and sperm cells, ensuring unique gene combinations. The research sheds light on fertility issues and potential treatments, with implications for human reproduction.
More than a reflex: How the spine shapes sex
The study found that a specific spinal circuit is involved in both ejaculation and arousal, and integrates sensory inputs to adjust its output based on the animal's internal state. The researchers also discovered that Gal⁺ neurons receive sensory input from the penis and can trigger ejaculation, but their effects are suppressed by brai...
Breaking the code of sperm motion: Two proteins found to be vital for male fertility
Researchers from The University of Osaka identify CFAP91 and EFCAB5 as crucial proteins for sperm motility. Loss of function in either protein reduces male fertility in mice. Understanding these proteins' functions may help diagnose infertility and develop new treatments.
New method to study embryonic implantation offers hope for assisted reproduction
Researchers developed a technique to study embryonic implantation in mice by keeping mouse uterine tissue alive outside the body. The method showed over 90% efficacy for implantation and provided insights into the maternal-embryonic signaling process.
Space mice babies
A team of researchers at Kyoto University successfully cryopreserved mouse stem cells and sent them to the International Space Station, where they returned healthy offspring after thawing. The study suggests that cryopreservation can maintain fertility for at least six months, paving the way for future human spaceflight.
Exploring animal life in the radioactive shadows of Chornobyl and Fukushima
A team of researchers are studying the reproductive traits of Japanese tree frogs living in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, to understand how radiation affects their survival. Their findings suggest that radiation can disrupt genetic pathways associated with sperm motility, potentially altering reproductive success.
Climate change driving sexual and reproductive health risks among young adolescents in Kenya
A new study found that climate change is driving sexual and reproductive health risks among young adolescents in Kenya, with food, water, and sanitation insecurities linked to school dropout, gender-based violence, and early pregnancy.
How this tiny snake could change our view of genetics
Researchers at UTA uncovered how the flowerpot snake repairs its DNA and prevents harmful mutations, shedding light on genetic repair mechanisms that could deepen our understanding of human gene evolution. The study also reveals surprising findings about reproductive strategies and immune-related genes in reptiles.
New study explores what motivates LGB parents to have more children
A new study led by Dr. Geva Shenkman-Lachberg found that only sociodemographic factors like parental age, number of current children, and economic status predict the desire to have more children among LGB parents, contrary to previous findings on stigma and social support
New study: Fewer women want to have children
A new study from Uppsala University found that 75% of women aged 24 wanted to have children, significantly lower than the 91% in 2014. The survey also revealed that 40 women stated they didn't want children due to various reasons, including uncertainty about the future and health concerns.
Giant clone of seaweed in the Baltic Sea
The discovery challenges our understanding of seaweed in a changing ocean and has implications for predicting its future. The giant clone, found to be a single species with millions of individuals, thrives in low-salinity waters and provides habitat for various marine life.
Sex as a formality: Males are unnecessary in a stick insect!?
A study published in Ecology reveals that rare males of the Ramulus mikado stick insect species have completely lost their reproductive function. Despite attempting to mate with females, these males failed to pass on male-derived genes or produce functional sperm, rendering them sterile.
Evolution without sex: How mites have survived for millions of years
Researchers discovered that independent evolution of chromosome copies in oribatid mites enables genetic diversity through mechanisms like the Meselson effect and horizontal gene transfer. This approach allows for rapid adaptation to environmental changes and supports long-term survival.
Reversing age-related fertility decline in male fruit flies: the crucial role of seminal fluid
A recent study led by University of Oxford researchers found that old male fruit flies' reproductive success declines due to seminal fluid limitation, not sperm quantity. Supplementation with young males' seminal fluid rescued aged males' fertility, highlighting the importance of seminal fluid quality in animal fertility.
IVF pregnancies at greater risk of exposure to medicines that can harm the fetus
A new Australian study found that IVF pregnancies had the highest exposure to teratogenic medicines during the first trimester, compared to naturally conceived pregnancies. The risk was linked to medications used as additional treatment following ART to prevent repeat miscarriages or failed implantation.
Simulating natural selection in assisted reproduction
Researchers highlight the risks of bypassing natural selection in assisted reproductive technologies (ART), which can lead to deleterious epigenetic changes and increased health problems. They propose applying evolutionary principles to ART protocols to improve outcomes for human ART and animal production.
‘Resistance and resolve’: reproductive justice advocates convene to explore responses to ongoing threats to reproductive autonomy
Reproductive justice leaders discuss the need for intersectionality, economic and public health impacts, youth leadership, and state-based solutions to protect reproductive rights. The discussion aims to harness young people's energy and foster intergenerational collaboration.
Infertility linked to onset of systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease after childbirth
Women with infertility are at higher risk of developing SARD, including lupus and Sjögren's syndrome, even after accounting for pre-eclampsia and other pregnancy complications. Infertility treatments do not appear to increase this risk, suggesting that women may be undiagnosed or untreated.
Depression can cause period pain, new study suggests
Researchers found a strong link between depression and menstrual pain in a new study published in Briefings in Bioinformatics. Depression may be a cause of dysmenorrhea, rather than a consequence, according to the findings.
Key brain circuit for female sexual rejection uncovered
A team of scientists has pinpointed a critical neural circuit for female sexual rejection, revealing how the brain integrates signals to shape behavior. The ventromedial hypothalamus, specifically progesterone-sensitive neurons in the anterior VMH, play a crucial role in determining whether a female accepts or rejects mating attempts.
High survival rates explain 20 years of rapid expansion of wolves in Germany
The German wolf population boasts the world's highest survival rates of wolves, with young wolves reaching 75% annual survival probability. The expansion is attributed to suitable habitats and protection, leading to a median survival time of three years.
Finding a new behavioral adaptation in fruit flies
A team of scientists at the University of Pennsylvania discovered a novel courtship behavior in female Drosophila santomea fruit flies, where they spread their wings to signal receptivity. This finding suggests that neural circuits can be reused and adapted to drive new behaviors, offering insights into the evolution of social communic...
Invisible anatomy in the fruit fly uterus
Researchers at UC Davis studied the Drosophila uterus and found over 20 cell types, revealing previously invisible anatomy. The study also identified seminal fluid proteins expressed in both male and female flies, which may support viable sperm for long periods.
Elucidating the mechanism underlying de novo membrane formation during gametogenesis
Live imaging techniques reveal that the secretory pathway plays a crucial role in de novo membrane formation, with Gip1 identified as a key molecule affecting this process. In Gip1-deficient cells, abnormal spore plasma membranes are formed due to defects in regenerating ER exit sites.
BU commentary: Project 2025 could become a ‘political reality that would upend medical practice’
A new JAMA commentary by Boston University School of Public Health researchers warns that Project 2025's conservative blueprint would undermine healthcare and public health. The playbook's proposals, led by The Heritage Foundation, include deregulating healthcare, weakening the ACA, and allowing discrimination within healthcare settings.
Propagated corals reveal increased resistance to bleaching across the Caribbean during the fatal heatwave of 2023
A recent study published in PLOSONE reveals that young, bred corals from the Coral Seeding approach are more resistant to bleaching under extreme heat stress. This finding provides evidence that assisted coral recruits can play a crucial role in securing the future of coral reefs.
NIH grant supports research into environmental factors regarding male fertility
A $3.082M NIH grant will fund research at Wayne State University to investigate the impact of environmental factors on male fertility. The study aims to identify novel biomarkers in seminal plasma and their relation to metabolic exposures and reproductive success, with a focus on phthalate exposure.
Advanced sperm selection system signals breakthrough in assisted reproduction
Researchers at City University of Hong Kong announce an advanced sperm selection system that signals a breakthrough in assisted reproduction. The system, called BLASTO-chip, uses microfluidic droplet technology to select live sperm from immotile samples with over 90% accuracy.
Fishing is causing frightened fish to flee when they should flirt
Researchers found that fishing impacts not only caught fish but also those left behind, causing widespread behavioral change. Single males at fished sites were twice as likely to flee and took two and a half times longer to return to their territories than fish at unfished sites.
Evidence-based information combats misleading and false claims on the internet and social media about the anti-Mullerian hormone test
Researchers found that when given accurate information about the anti-Mullerian hormone test, women had less interest in taking the test compared to those who viewed misleading online claims. The study highlights the importance of providing evidence-based information to women seeking fertility treatment.
Brain changes linked to obesity result in low sperm count
A UC Riverside-led research team found that obesity causes chronic changes in the brain, leading to reduced connections between neurons and lower testosterone levels. The study suggests that the primary site of obesity's effects on reproductive function is the brain, rather than the testes or pituitary gland.
Even very small amounts of elements in follicular fluid may impact IVF success rates, according to new study from George Mason University researcher
A new study from George Mason University found that trace amounts of non-essential elements, such as lead and mercury, in ovarian follicular fluid may impact IVF success rates. Higher concentrations of cobalt and copper were associated with a stronger ovarian response, while higher levels of lead were linked to reduced fertility.
Extended maternal care central factor to animal, human longevity
A Cornell University study suggests that a strong relationship between mother and child is key to understanding human longevity. In models, the team found that species with longer-term maternal presence tend to evolve longer lives and slower life paces.
Study on fruit flies could benefit eggs of older women
Researchers at Dartmouth College found that fruit fly oocytes can renew chromosome-linking proteins, potentially helping older women reduce pregnancy complications. The discovery could lead to new therapeutic strategies for enhancing protein rejuvenation in human eggs.
Virus that causes COVID-19 can remain in sperm for 110 days after infection
Researchers found SARS-CoV-2 in male reproductive cells even when PCR testing failed, revealing a prolonged infection period of up to 90 days. The virus can remain in sperm for 110 days, reducing semen quality and raising concerns for natural conception and assisted reproduction.
Researchers unveil sperm release mechanism in bryophytes
The study found that programmed cell death is a prerequisite for sperm release in liverworts. MpMLO1 protein increases cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels and induces PCD, allowing sperm to enter the antheridial pore for fertilization.
Maintenance of male-related genes after loss of males in stick insects
Researchers investigate gene preservation after loss of male traits in stick insects and find that genes involved in multiple biological processes are more likely to be maintained. This suggests that the molecular ground plan for the lost male reproductive process may persist due to pleiotropic effects on other traits.
The secret sex life of coral revealed
A study published in Royal Society Open Science reveals that corals use multiple environmental inputs to synchronize their spawning timing. Water temperature is identified as the primary trigger for determining the annual window of opportunity, with rainfall and solar radiation also playing a role.
Evolutionary genomics: Consequences of biodiverse reproductive systems
A new Research Training Group will investigate the evolution of nuclear genomes in organisms using different forms of reproduction, including asexual and sexual reproduction. The group aims to better understand the dominance of sexual reproduction in nature through empirical analysis of changing and evolving genomes.
Germline regulation and sex differences: How they impact lifespan in vertebrates
A new study reveals sex-specific effects of germline regulation on longevity and somatic repair in vertebrates. Removing the germline extends male lifespan and improves stress resistance in females.
How do genetically identical water fleas develop into different sexes?
A team at Osaka University uses novel RNA sequencing techniques to reveal the molecular basis for sexual dimorphism in Daphnia, a species of water flea that can change its form and behavior despite being genetically identical. The study identifies genes that switch which isoforms are expressed in a sex-dependent manner.
NCCN Policy Summit encourages conversation and action on sexual health and fertility issues faced by people with cancer
The summit aimed to improve care for people with cancer by discussing knowledge gaps, societal stigma, and shifting policies. Experts emphasized the importance of education about sexual and reproductive health in cancer treatment.
Bonobos aren’t as peace-loving as we thought
A new Harvard study reveals that male bonobos engage in more acts of aggression than chimpanzees, contrary to their peaceful reputation. The researchers found that bonobos exhibit less sexual coercion and violence towards females, but more frequent 'squabbling' among males.
NIH awards $3.4 million to Wayne State University to investigate biomarkers for better reproductive success
The project aims to overcome limitations of conventional semen analyses by examining mitochondrial DNA levels in sperm as a novel biomarker of sperm fitness. Researchers will evaluate relationships between mtDNA biomarkers and male reproductive health using large study samples.
New discovery reveals how the egg controls sperm entry
A new study led by Karolinska Institutet reveals the mechanism of sperm entry into the egg, explaining how mutations in egg coat proteins cause female infertility. The research also suggests potential implications for non-hormonal contraceptives.
Mutation solves a century-old mystery in meiosis
A team of scientists at Pohang University of Science & Technology uncovered the molecular mechanism responsible for crossover interference during meiosis, a biological process that generates genetically diverse reproductive cells. The findings have significant implications for breeding and cultivating crops with specific desired traits.
How does a virus hijack insect sperm to control disease vectors and pests?
A new study reveals how viral proteins from symbiotic bacteria manipulate sperm in male insects, causing sterility and preventing the spread of diseases like Zika and dengue. The research could lead to refined techniques to control populations of agricultural pests and insect vectors.