Articles tagged with Systems Physiology
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Experts recommend 1.6-2.4 grams of protein per kilogram of body mass for athletes aiming to increase muscle mass, while those restricting energy intake should target 1.6-2.4 grams/kg/day to minimize lean body mass loss.
Researchers are developing a new paradigm called 'network physiology' that examines how organs communicate and adjust to each other. This approach has the potential to improve health monitoring techniques by capturing data streams from different organ systems.
Scientists at the University of Maryland School of Medicine discovered changes in brain activity linked to the brain's reward memory response in depression. The research found that the strength of signals between two brain regions is critical for processing rewarding stimuli.
Researchers from the University of Utah discovered that homeowners change their behavior when they can visualize air quality in their homes. By using portable air quality monitors and a smartphone app, participants were able to see real-time data on PM2.5 levels and adjust their daily habits accordingly. This study has the potential to...
Researchers found nursing notes can indicate ICU patient survival, outperforming traditional severity of illness scores. Positive messages in nursing notes correlated with higher survival rates, while negative messages predicted lower survival rates.
A new study published in Scientific Reports found that vertebrate species, including humans, exposed to stress prenatally tend to have higher stress hormones after birth. The researchers analyzed data from all known studies across vertebrates and found consistent effects of prenatal stress on offspring stress hormone levels.
A new wearable AI system developed by MIT researchers can predict the tone of conversations with high accuracy, analyzing audio and vital-sign data. The system has shown promise in understanding social interactions, particularly for people with anxiety or Asperger's syndromes.
A new study from Karolinska Institutet reveals that the sympathetic nervous system comprises different neurons regulating specific physiological functions. The research found that goose bumps and nipple erection are caused by specialized neurons controlling erectile muscles in these tissues.
Researchers at UMass Chan Medical School used CRISPR/Cas9 screening to identify human proteins that Zika virus needs for replication, revealing potential therapeutic targets. The study highlights the importance of understanding viral dependencies on human proteins to develop effective treatments.
The novel portable diagnostic tool offers a multi-dimensional look at the body by combining optical and gamma imaging, allowing physicians to visualize molecular data alongside surface organ images. Clinical pilot studies have shown promising results in imaging lymphatic and thyroid tissue, as well as tear ducts.
A study of elite Paralympic athletes with cerebral palsy found that exercise improves bone mineral density, but reduces muscle mass on the affected side. The research suggests that high levels of exercise from a young age may be beneficial to individuals with CP.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital developed a wearable device to monitor and control organs-on-chips, a platform for testing drug compounds. The system uses Google Glass for hands-free control and monitoring, enabling high-accuracy predictions of physiological responses.
A new UT study found that inadequate sleep can disrupt protein synthesis, a fundamental cellular process involved in physical growth and brain activity. The circadian clock regulates this process, and misaligning behavior with it can have negative consequences.
Researchers found significant improvements in staff awareness and patient outcomes after implementing rapid response system training, with a 213% increase in call rates and a 100% reduction in code blue events. The top causes of RRS initiation were tachycardia, hypotension, and staff concern.
Rochester Institute of Technology professor Elizabeth Cherry is developing virtual heart models for cyber-physical systems as part of a five-year NSF project. The Cyberheart platform will analyze and simulate medical device interactions with patient-specific heart models, enabling safe and effective software for future medical devices.
A new human respiratory tissue model, MucilAir, has been shown to maintain normal biochemical processes for at least six months. The model is suitable for testing the impact of repeated exposures over a prolonged period, making it a valuable tool for assessing the toxicological effects of inhaled chemicals and safety of medicines.
A recent study found that modern monitoring systems in hospitals generate an alarming number of false positives, leading to alarm fatigue. The researchers collected data on 461 adults and discovered 88.8% of arrhythmia alarms were false positives, mostly due to algorithmic errors or non-actionable events.
Researchers at UCLA have made a significant breakthrough in treating bladder function in people with spinal cord injuries. They found that training and epidural stimulation enabled paralyzed rats to empty their bladders more fully and efficiently.
A UCLA psychology study reveals that a diet high in processed foods leads to weight gain, fatigue, and cognitive impairments. The research suggests that junk food diets, not lack of exercise or discipline, are responsible for obesity and related health issues.
Researchers at Turku Centre for Biotechnology and Aalto University have discovered a new epigenetic mechanism that regulates lymphocyte function. This breakthrough provides insight into the emergence of immune-mediated diseases such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease.
Researchers aim to mimic reptiles' ability to increase locomotion efficiency and frogs' high propulsion. They investigate drinking strategies of carnivorous animals like cats and dogs to develop bio-inspired systems.
Four finalists have been selected in the My Air, My Health Challenge to create wearable sensors that measure airborne pollutants and related physiological data. The challenge aims to spur development of personal devices gathering health and air quality data for long-term health outcomes.
The My Air, My Health Challenge offers a cash award of $100,000 for the most effective solution in integrating physiological and air quality data. The competition aims to better understand the connection between air quality and health, and will collaborate between health researchers and technologists.
Research from a Pitt/UPMC team found that having intensivists on duty at night improves ICU patient outcomes in some ICUs, particularly those without daytime specialist coverage. In contrast, ICUs with robust daytime staffing saw no benefit from nighttime intensivist coverage.
A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that nighttime intensivist physician staffing is associated with reduced mortality in ICUs with a low-intensity daytime staffing model. However, this benefit was not observed in ICUs with high-intensity daytime staffing models.
Biomechanics researchers studied helmeted guinea fowl's movement strategies on slippery and rough surfaces to understand how animals respond to unexpected changes in their habitat. They found that speed, foot position, and body alignment are key factors in preventing slips and falls.
Physiologist E. Paul Zehr uses Batman as a framework to discuss exercise and physical training, illustrating how the body responds to physical discipline. His approach connects science to popular culture, helping students understand physiology better.
A study by Brigham and Women's Hospital found that the circadian system contributes to daily patterns of vasovagal syncope, a common type of fainting. The vulnerability to presyncope peaks at specific times between 10:30 PM and 10:30 AM, with the highest risk occurring at 4:30 AM.
A study by radiologists suggests that radiologic case studies can effectively teach physiology to medical students, highlighting four broad physiologic principles: homeostasis, biologic energy use, structure-function relationships, and communication.
The UCLA team will remotely monitor firefighters using wireless health technologies, developing metrics to analyze health risks and optimize exercise programs. The results will aid in mitigating fatalities due to cardiovascular events and inform new equipment development for firefighters.
A Spanish research team has created a system that measures human physiological parameters and uses them to control virtual character behavior in real-time. The goal is to create a more immersive experience by tapping into the unconscious mind.
The MultiSTEPS project at Virginia Tech aims to educate graduate students on the intersection of engineering and biological sciences, addressing issues like fluid motion, transport processes, and environmental problems.
A study published in the Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences found that frailty in older adults is associated with a critical mass of abnormal physiological systems. The research suggests that prevention and treatment may be more effective if multiple systems are improved rather than just one, and highlights the importance of cons...
A new four-year grant will support research on brain and pituitary hormones in sea lampreys to better understand their reproductive systems. The project aims to identify common functional features between these ancient vertebrates and later-evolved species.
Researchers developed a search algorithm that integrated biological measurements and model simulations to identify optimal drug combinations. The study successfully identified effective treatments in two biological model systems, paving the way for personalized medicine.
Canada-U.S. biophysicists develop a novel method to detect movement of single proteins controlling ion exchange between cells and environment. The new technique allows scientists to measure one single ion channel at a time and investigate how different parts inside the ion channels communicate.
Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) has been awarded $430,000 by the Department of Homeland Security to develop its precision indoor location system. The funding will enable WPI to further explore enhancements for its existing radio-frequency and radar-based tracking technology.
The Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease has developed WikiPathways, an open collaborative platform for curating biological pathways. This tool enables easy participation from the scientific community in peer review, editorial curation, and maintenance of pathway content.
The new resource allows users to view, store, and edit biological pathway information, leveraging collective expertise to facilitate content collection and curation. WikiPathways provides a wealth of annotated information, maximizing the value of biological data and supporting future hypotheses and discoveries.
This issue of JRRD features several studies exploring advancements in ambulation and motor control for individuals with spinal cord injury. Researchers found that functional electric stimulation systems can significantly improve walking distance and speed, while a new measure for assessing spasticity impact was also developed.
New research highlights the impact of concurrent health problems on older adults, with 24% of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65+ and 31.4% of those 85+ having multiple comorbidities. The study aims to improve understanding of comorbidity and develop a comprehensive nosology for classification.
A study by American Physiological Society found that sildenafil can improve cardiac output and exercise performance during acute hypoxia, but not at normoxia. The results show that responders improved their time trial performance at altitude with sildenafil, while non-responders showed no significant improvement.
Research suggests that prenatal alcohol exposure can lead to long-lasting alterations in the ability to synchronize circadian rhythms with environmental cues. This can result in behavioral problems, such as sleep disorders, attention issues, and mood regulation difficulties. The study's findings have implications for understanding the ...
Alcohol intake can alter circadian rhythms, influencing heart rate, blood pressure, hormone levels, and immune function. Disruptions to the 'biological clock' within the body may result in 'physiological anarchy,' with widespread pathology.
Michael R. Zalutsky, a professor at Duke University Medical Center, has been honored with the 2005 Berson-Yalow Award for his pioneering work in targeted radiotherapy. His research focuses on developing molecularly targeted radiodiagnostics and radiotherapeutics for oncologic applications.
Researchers found significant differences in oxygen consumption and skeletal muscle oxygen conductance between high- and low-running endurance rats. The study, spanning 15 generations, demonstrated coordinated improvements in the oxygen delivery system, including larger hearts and lungs, to maximize efficiency.
A new study found that melatonin increases production of GnIH hormone in birds, which has opposite effects to GnRH and can trigger gonad shrinkage. This discovery suggests potential effects on human reproductive axis and raises concerns about the hormone's interactions with other systems.
Researchers are creating a system that allows computers to monitor the health and emotional state of users, using thermal imaging to detect vital signs. The goal is to create a two-way exchange between humans and computers, enhancing the user experience while preventing illnesses.
This book presents six different models of the cardiovascular and pulmonary system, including a two-dimensional modeling of fluid dynamics in the heart. The models are introduced by case studies and can be studied individually, serving as an excellent introduction for researchers and graduate students.
The study found increasing calcium levels in cloned equine embryos led to improved pregnancy rates and successful births. The research also suggests a link between calcium regulation and human diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders.
Researchers have discovered that the molecule melanopsin is necessary for the pupil to constrict properly in response to light. Melanopsin is part of a distinct light-sensing pathway that complements the primary visual pathway, and its loss affects the pupillary light reflex, which regulates sleep-wake cycles and hormone secretion.
Researchers found associations between altered physiologic systems and geriatric syndrome of frailty in a study of 5,888 community-dwelling individuals. The study suggests that understanding the biology of frailty can help develop interventions to better care for older adults.
Boston University has received a $14 million Leadership Award to enhance its standing in biomedical engineering, while UC Davis has received a $12 million Leadership-Development Award for its visionary plan. Both institutions will use their awards to link genomics with organ-level physiology and improve medical applications.
A study of 947 HIV-positive individuals found that hospital admission was linked to unemployment (82%) and poor health status (46%). The study also showed that having a physician experienced in HIV/AIDS management was beneficial for avoiding hospital admissions.
Scientists from Boston University's Center for Polymer Studies use modern physics to analyze heartbeats, finding complex multifractal properties in healthy hearts. This discovery could help doctors diagnose cardiac disease more effectively, potentially avoiding the harm caused by medication aimed at eliminating variability.
Researchers at Penn have developed a smart ICU system that improves vital-sign monitoring of critically-ill patients using artificial computer intelligence. The system utilizes neural networks and fuzzy logic to analyze patient data, enabling clinicians to identify dangerous deviations from ideal vital signs.
The Exposure-to-Risk Monitoring System uses a non-invasive technique to provide immediate results of chemical exposure, tracking exhaled breath to determine amount and type of chemical inhaled. The system also considers individual physiology and can identify multiple chemicals simultaneously.
A new test apparatus developed by Purdue researchers allows for faster, more precise MRI scans without causing discomfort to patients. The system enables doctors to gather images from previously hard-to-scanned areas like the liver and view transient phenomena like cardiac activity in a noninvasive way.