Peatlands trap CO2, even during droughts
Researchers found that two Sphagnum species in the Le Forbonnet peatland can survive extreme temperatures and droughts. This suggests that preserving peatlands is crucial for mitigating climate change.
Photosynthesis
Articles tagged with Photosynthesis
Terahertz waves reveal hidden processes in ultrafast artificial photosynthesis
A team of researchers directly observed charge transfer and intermolecular interactions in artificial photosynthesis on a picosecond scale. They used time-resolved attenuated total reflection spectroscopy in the terahertz region to reveal the process, which involves rhenium complexes and Triethanolamine solvent.
Discovery of a bottleneck relief in photosynthesis may have a major impact on food crops
Researchers have found a way to accelerate the photosynthetic process by producing more of a protein that controls electron flow, potentially leading to increased crop production. The discovery is significant because C4 crops, such as maize and sorghum, play a crucial role in world agriculture.
SourceARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis·JournalCommunications Biology·DateAug 16, 2019
Mechanisms underlying forest water-use efficiency
Forest water-use efficiency has been increasing globally, with trees conserving water through elevated CO2 levels. Photosynthesis is the primary driver of this increase, while stomatal conductance reduction is limited to drier forests.
SourceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateAug 5, 2019
Missing link in algal photosynthesis found, offers opportunity to improve crop yields
Researchers from Louisiana State University have made a groundbreaking discovery in the process of photosynthesis, shedding light on a long-standing puzzle. The study reveals three transport proteins that facilitate the movement of bicarbonate into the compartment where Rubisco resides, a crucial step in carbon dioxide fixation. This b...
SourceLouisiana State University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateAug 5, 2019
Strange bacteria hint at ancient origin of photosynthesis
Researchers found similar structures in rare bacteria and modern cyanobacteria, suggesting the process is older than thought. This challenges the traditional view that oxygenic photosynthesis evolved from anoxygenic photosynthesis a billion years ago.
How multicellular cyanobacteria transport molecules
Multicellular cyanobacteria have developed cell junctions that allow for the exchange of nutrients and messengers across cell boundaries. The channels are composed of a protein tube sealed with a plug at both ends, and have a five-armed protein structure similar to a camera aperture.
Improved model could help scientists better predict crop yield, climate change effects
A new computer model simulates stomatal movements in response to light, enabling scientists to predict crop yields and climate change effects. The model has the potential to create virtual plants for more accurate predictions, improving food productivity sustainably.
SourceCarl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign·JournalPhotosynthesis Research·DateJul 9, 2019
Research details response of sagebrush to 2017 solar eclipse
Research reveals sagebrush's response to 2017 solar eclipse showed significant reductions in photosynthesis and transpiration. The study also found that the circadian rhythm was interrupted by sudden changes in sunlight, triggering a response beyond what happens when clouds block sunlight.
Science snapshots: New nitrides, artificial photosynthesis, and TMDC semiconductors
Researchers have developed a large interactive stability map of ternary nitrides, predicting 244 new stable compounds. Artificial photosynthesis has also been improved by controlling cobalt oxide catalysts. Additionally, atomically thin semiconductors called TMDCs have shown a quantum yield of 100% when treated with an electrical voltage.
A forest 'glow' reveals awakening from hibernation
Researchers linked seasonal photosynthesis cycles to solar-induced fluorescence in evergreen forests, enabling large-scale monitoring of carbon dioxide uptake. The study found that fluctuations in photoprotective pigments affect both photosynthesis and fluorescence, providing a proxy for forest activity.
Observing forest fluorescence from space
Researchers use satellite-based fluorescence measurements to track photosynthesis and monitor forest health. Chlorophyll fluorescence emission closely tracks photosynthetic activity in evergreen forests, providing insights into large-scale forest dynamics.
SourceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateMay 27, 2019
How plant cells neutralize the potential for self-harm
Researchers discovered how plant cells shield themselves from excessive reactive oxygen molecules that can cause cellular damage. By diverting these reactivity into other processes, plants minimize self-inflicted harm, which could help scientists engineer crops with improved yields.
SourceCarnegie Institution for Science·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateMay 23, 2019
Artificial photosynthesis transforms carbon dioxide into liquefiable fuels
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed an artificial process that converts carbon dioxide into fuel using visible light and electron-rich gold nanoparticles. The new process produces complex, liquefiable hydrocarbons from excess CO2 and sunlight, paving the way for green energy technology.
SourceUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, News Bureau·JournalNature Communications·DateMay 22, 2019
Study reports breakthrough to measure plant improvements to help farmers boost production
Scientists have developed a new technology that can measure improvements in plant photosynthesis in just 10 seconds, allowing for more efficient analysis of genetically engineered crops. This breakthrough enables faster screening and pinpointing of traits that could greatly improve crop performance.
SourceCarl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign·JournalRemote Sensing of Environment·DateMay 16, 2019
A late-night disco in the forest reveals tree performance
Researchers from the University of Helsinki developed a new method to measure chlorophyll fluorescence in trees, revealing information on plant performance and structure. The technique uses LED technology to light up the forest at night, allowing for easier interpretation of data.
Discovery of the photosensor for yellow-green light-driven photosynthesis in cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria utilize a new photosensor regulating yellow-green light-harvesting antenna protein for photosynthesis. The discovery was made by researchers at Toyohashi University of Technology and found that the photosensor emerged about 2.1 billion years ago through genetic exchange between cyanobacteria.
Driving chemical reactions with light
Scientists from Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz and Rice University have discovered that the chemical nature of surface molecules affects plasmon resonance in metal nanoparticles. This finding could lead to new methods for harnessing light-driven processes like photocatalysis.
Using DNA templates to harness the sun's energy
A team of researchers at Arizona State University has made significant progress in optimizing artificial photosynthesis systems that mimic the first stage of photosynthesis. They have developed a way to use DNA to self-assemble structures that capture and transfer energy over long distances with high efficiency.
Just how much does enhancing photosynthesis improve crop yield?
A team of scientists has developed a dynamic model that predicts which photosynthetic manipulations will boost wheat and sorghum crop yields. The study found that enhancing photosynthesis can increase or decrease crop yield depending on environmental conditions.
Scientists discover first organism with chlorophyll genes that doesn't photosynthesize
A new species of coral-dwelling parasite has been discovered, producing chlorophyll but not engaging in photosynthesis. The finding raises questions about the evolution and biology of this organism, which may hold clues to protecting coral reefs.
Speedier stomata in optogenetically enhanced plants improve growth and conserve water
Researchers have developed a new method to speed up stomatal response in plants, improving photosynthetic efficiency and water use. The optogenetically enhanced plants produce more biomass than expected under fluctuating light conditions.
Old for new, using ancient genetic variation to supercharge wheat
Researchers identify genomic regions affecting radiation use efficiency and biomass accumulation in spring wheat, providing a crucial resource for scientists and breeders. The study aims to increase wheat yield potential without sacrificing grain yield, addressing the challenge of sustainingably feeding a growing population.
Revealing the plant genes that shaped our world
A new library of Chlamydomonas mutants has enabled scientists to discover nearly 300 genes essential for photosynthesis, a process that produces oxygen and fuels life on Earth. This breakthrough highlights the vast knowledge gap in understanding the genetic mechanisms behind this fundamental process.
Algal library lends insights into genes for photosynthesis
A team of researchers at Princeton University has constructed a public library to help understand the role of genes in photosynthesis. The library consists of thousands of mutant strains of single-celled algae, which were used to identify 303 genes associated with photosynthesis, including 21 newly discovered genes.
New molecular blueprint advances our understanding of photosynthesis
Researchers at Berkeley Lab have revealed the structure of the NADH dehydrogenase-like complex (NDH), a crucial protein in photosynthesis. This breakthrough will allow scientists to explore how the complex functions and could lead to improvements in sustainable bioproducts, including plastic alternatives and biofuels.
Growing the tallest is not always the best option
Researchers at CRAG have discovered that chloroplasts play a key role in regulating the shade avoidance syndrome in plants, allowing them to optimize photosynthesis. This discovery has important implications for improving crop productivity without increasing land use.
Following the light
Coral reefs optimize their photosynthetic capacities to prevailing environmental conditions, such as light availability, temperature, and nutrient levels. This adaptation allows reef organisms to respond to stresses like global climate change, with potential implications for measuring reef health and ecosystem function.
Plants blink: Proceeding with caution in sunlight
A new study found that plants adjust photosynthesis in response to rapid light changes using a sensory-like regulation system. The findings suggest that plants have evolved to prioritize long-term stability over short-term efficiency in the face of changing environmental conditions.
Climate change: How could artificial photosynthesis contribute to limiting global warming?
Scientists calculate that an area the size of Germany could suffice for artificial photosynthesis to remove 10 gigatonnes of CO2 per year. This technology could potentially balance climate carbon budget and reduce emissions. However, large investments in research and development are required to make it a reality.
SourceHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie·JournalEarth System Dynamics·DateJan 16, 2019
Rice plants engineered to be better at photosynthesis make more rice
Researchers developed a bioengineering approach to boost photosynthesis in rice plants, increasing grain yield by up to 27%. The genetically engineered plants showed increased photosynthetic efficiency and productivity under bright light conditions.
Scientists engineer shortcut for photosynthetic glitch, boost crop growth by 40 percent
Scientists engineered a photorespiratory shortcut to boost crop growth by 40 percent in real-world agronomic conditions. This innovation uses genetic constructs to reroute the process, saving precious energy and resources for more photosynthesis.
SourceCarl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign·JournalScience·DateJan 3, 2019
Structure and function of photosynthesis protein explained in detail
Researchers solved the structure and elucidated the function of photosynthetic complex I, a key element in dynamic rewiring of photosynthesis. The complex plays a major role in cyclic electron transport, allowing for efficient energy production.
Fire air pollution weakens forest productivity
A new study found that fire air pollution weakens forest productivity globally, with surface O3 reducing GPP by 4.9 Pg C and global aerosols enhancing it by 1.0 Pg C. The net impact is dominated by O3, leading to a reduction of 0.9 Pg C annually.
SourceInstitute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences·JournalNature Communications·DateDec 21, 2018
Oxygen could have been available to life as early as 3.5 billion years ago
Research suggests that oxygenic photosynthesis could have occurred at least one billion years before the emergence of cyanobacteria, a key factor in increasing atmospheric oxygen levels. This finding has significant implications for our understanding of the origins of complex life and its potential evolution on other planets.
Project receives additional $13 million to accelerate progress to redesign photosynthesis
The Realizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency (RIPE) project has received an additional $13 million to accelerate its progress in redesigning photosynthesis. The funding will be used to test model predictions in key crops and translate yield-boosting technologies more quickly, aiming to achieve a 50 percent yield increase.
Dry conditions may have helped a new type of plant gain a foothold on Earth
Researchers suggest water availability, not carbon dioxide levels, drove the emergence of C4 plants, which supplemented the earlier C3 pathway. The C4 pathway enabled plants to make food with less water loss, gaining a competitive advantage in relatively arid environments.
SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateNov 7, 2018
How chloroplasts maintain energy efficiency
Researchers found that mature plant chloroplasts isolate ATP production, while young leaves allow for temporary import of ATP to support development. This strategy optimizes energy efficiency in plants.
SourceThe University of Hong Kong·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateOct 23, 2018
How plants bind their green pigment chlorophyll
Researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz have made progress in understanding the binding of chlorophyll to plant proteins. By studying a water-soluble chlorophyll protein from cauliflower and Virginia pepperweed, they found that amino acid variations can alter the preference for one chlorophyll over the other.
3D imaging opens door to better understanding of fascinating leaf complexity
Researchers have developed a new method for creating three-dimensional images of leaves, allowing scientists to study the complex dynamics of water and gas exchange within plant cells. This breakthrough has significant implications for improving crop photosynthetic performance and understanding plant biology.
This bacterium gets paid in gold
Researchers have created a more efficient path to producing solar fuels by enticing the bacterium Moorella thermoacetica into being productive with light-absorbing gold nanoclusters. This results in a higher yield of chemical products and improved quantum efficiency compared to previous models.
'Turbocharging' photosynthesis in corn hikes yield
Researchers from Cornell University and the Boyce Thompson Institute found a way to overexpress a key chaperone enzyme called RuBisCO Assembly Factor 1 to increase RuBisCO content in corn. This discovery has the potential to improve photosynthetic efficiency, leading to increased biomass production and reduced environmental footprint.
Eco-friendly nanoparticles for artificial photosynthesis
Researchers have developed cadmium-free nanomaterials for artificial photosynthesis, showing high efficiency in producing hydrogen from light and water. The new composites are environmentally friendly and have the potential to serve as an eco-friendly alternative for various commercial fields.
Deep subsurface cyanobacteria
Researchers have found viable cyanobacteria in a deep borehole, expanding the ecological range of these microorganisms. The discovery suggests that cyanobacteria can thrive in environments without sunlight, potentially serving as primary producers in the deep subsurface.
SourceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateOct 1, 2018
Designing a more productive corn able to cope with future climates
A team of researchers has successfully engineered a more productive corn variety that can better cope with future climates. By increasing the enzyme Rubisco, which captures CO2 from the atmosphere, they achieved a 15% improvement in crop biomass and CO2 assimilation.
R. David Britt receives 2018 Zavoisky Award
Dr. R. David Britt received the prestigious Zavoisky Award for his groundbreaking work on enzymes and electron paramagnetic resonance. He will receive a cash prize of €5,000 and deliver a lecture on solar energy.
Photosynthesis discovery could help next-gen biotechnologies
Researchers have purified and visualized the Cyclic Electron Flow supercomplex, a critical part of photosynthetic machinery, to advance solar-powered microalgae-based biotechnologies. This discovery provides new insights into how plants capture and store solar energy at the molecular level.
SourceUniversity of Queensland·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateSep 24, 2018
Blue-green algae promises to help boost food crop yields
Scientists at Australian National University have engineered tiny carbon-capturing engines from blue-green algae into plants, promising a 60% increase in plant growth and yield. This breakthrough improves the way crops convert carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into energy through enhanced photosynthesis.
Scientists pioneer a new way to turn sunlight into fuel
Researchers at St John's College, University of Cambridge, successfully split water into hydrogen and oxygen using semi-artificial photosynthesis, producing more solar energy than natural photosynthesis. This innovation could revolutionize renewable energy production with a green and unlimited source of energy.
How do plants rest photosynthetic activity at night?
Researchers have identified a protein complex that helps plants 'switch off' photosynthesis at night and 'switch on' when light is available again. This complex, involving thioredoxin-like2 (TrxL2)/2-Cys peroxiredoxin (2CP), allows plants to conserve energy and restore photosynthetic activity when necessary.
SourceTokyo Institute of Technology·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateAug 16, 2018
Splitting water: Nanoscale imaging yields key insights
Berkeley Lab researchers have pioneered a nanoscale imaging technique to understand how local properties affect a material's macroscopic performance in water splitting. The study reveals heterogeneity in charge utilization, which may account for the material's efficiency.
Researchers engineer bacteria to create fertilizer out of thin air
Scientists have engineered a bacterium that can fix nitrogen from the air, paving the way for nitrogen-fixing plants that could reduce fertilizer usage and increase crop yields. The breakthrough could benefit billions of people worldwide, particularly subsistence farmers.
New type of photosynthesis discovered
Scientists have discovered a new form of photosynthesis that uses near-infrared light, contradicting the long-held assumption that only red light is required. This discovery has significant implications for crop engineering and astrobiology.
UNH researchers shine a light on more accurate way to estimate climate change
Researchers at UNH used satellite data to analyze photosynthesis across eight major ecosystem types, finding a universal relationship between the energy glow and carbon uptake. This method could provide more accurate data for scientists modeling climate change.
New research finds tall and older Amazonian forests more resistant to droughts
New research reveals tall Amazonian forests are more resilient to drought, with older trees having deeper root systems that access deeper soil moisture. This finding has implications for the future ability of rainforests to store carbon and withstand climate change.
SourceColumbia University School of Engineering and Applied Science·JournalNature Geoscience·DateMay 28, 2018
Why bioelectrodes for energy conversion are not stable
Researchers at Ruhr-University Bochum found that bioelectrodes containing photosystem I are unstable in the long term due to formation of reactive oxygen species and hydrogen peroxide. This limits their potential for environmentally friendly energy conversion.
Quantum effects observed in photosynthesis
Researchers have found quantum effects in photosynthetic systems at low temperatures, challenging the idea that these effects are unique to non-biological systems. The study also reveals that regular vibrations, not superposition, were responsible for earlier reported observations.
Photosynthesis involves a protein 'piston'
Researchers discovered a protein 'piston' that facilitates rapid electron transfer in photosynthesis. The piston-like motion of PSI subunit is thought to stimulate electron transfer and provide insights into artificial photosynthesis.
Cassava breeding hasn't improved photosynthesis or yield potential
Researchers analyzed four African cassava cultivars and found that unimproved landraces outperform improved varieties in photosynthetic efficiency. The study suggests genetic engineering may be necessary to improve cassava yield potential, which has remained stagnant despite advances in breeding.
SourceCarl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign·JournalFood and Energy Security·DateMay 10, 2018
Harvesting clean hydrogen fuel through artificial photosynthesis
A new artificial photosynthesis device doubles the efficiency of harnessing sunlight to generate hydrogen, a clean-burning fuel. The device uses water and light from the sun, paving the way for large-scale production of clean hydrogen fuel.