The roots of food security
Researchers found that auxin hormones regulate root branching in plants, enabling more efficient nutrient uptake and storage, which can support high-yield crops and enhance food security.
Plant Roots
Articles tagged with Plant Roots
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Exploring the Stone Age pantry
Researchers have discovered that early Homo sapiens consumed wild sorghum and other pre-domesticated cereals around 100,000 years ago. This finding broadens our understanding of human evolution by showcasing the importance of dietary transformation through cereal consumption.
When roots lose contact
Researchers found air gaps in roots that formed during dry periods, which partially refilled after irrigation. However, older parts of the taproot showed limited re-establishment of contact, raising concerns about severe drought's impact on plant nutrition.
Plants prefer their kin, but crowd out competition when sharing a pot with strangers
A study by McMaster University reveals that plants prefer to share space with their own kind but divert resources towards leaves when paired with non-kin. This complex behavior allows siblings to access sunlight and compete more effectively for limited resources.
Plants recognize siblings, and UD researchers have discovered how
Researchers at the University of Delaware have discovered how plants recognize their siblings through chemical cues in roots. This finding has significant implications for agriculture, where crop yields and growth patterns may be improved by understanding plant sibling recognition.
New 'biofactories' produce rare healing substances in the endangered Devil's claw plant
A team of scientists has successfully produced the active ingredients in Devil's claw using a novel technique called hairy root biofactory. This breakthrough could lead to large-scale production of rare plant extracts at low cost, addressing the global shortage of medicinal compounds derived from endangered plants.
Restoring a natural root signal helps to fight a major corn pest
Researchers restored a maize root signal that attracts insect-killing nematodes to control the Western corn rootworm, a significant pest in the US. This approach enhances plant resistance and reduces the use of synthetic insecticides.
Newly discovered snow roots are 'evolutionary phenomenon'
Scientists discovered 'snow roots' in Corydalis conorhiza plants, which extend through layers of snow to take up nitrogen. This unique adaptation allows the plant to feed on nutrients before the growing season begins.
Waxy plant substance key for absorption of water, nutrients
Scientists have discovered a mutant form of Arabidopsis with twice the amount of suberin, allowing them to test the theory that suberin blocks water and nutrient absorption. By adjusting suberin levels, plants can be engineered to absorb beneficial nutrients more efficiently.
Historical increase in corn yield -- it's in the roots
A new study published in Crop Science found that the root structure of corn crops plays a key role in the historical yield increases in the US Corn Belt. The research revealed that changes in root systems allow for more efficient water capture and sustain biomass accumulation.
World-famous undersea explorer and archeologist returns to ONR roots
Dr. Robert D. Ballard returned to the Office of Naval Research to discuss the future of deep-sea exploration and its applications for the fleet. He highlighted ONR's investments in cutting-edge technologies, such as Remotely Operated Vehicles, Unmanned Undersea Vehicles, and autonomy.
More food at lower cost
A new study published in Nature Cell Biology has discovered a way to increase the length of root hairs on plants, potentially improving crop yields. This method enables plants to take up minerals and water more efficiently, reducing fertiliser waste and promoting sustainable food production.
UV-B light sensing mechanism discovered in plant roots
Researchers found that plant roots have a mechanism to detect UV-B light levels, thanks to the RUS1 gene. This discovery sheds light on how plants respond to UV-B radiation, and may lead to better understanding of plant development.
Bacteria manage perfume oil production from grass
Scientists discovered bacteria in Vetiver grass roots that enhance essential oil production while altering molecular structure. The bacteria change the oil's properties to include insecticidal, antimicrobial, and antioxidant characteristics.
Origin of root offshoots revealed
Researchers at VIB have discovered a protein called ACR4 that triggers the formation of root offshoots in plants. This discovery can lead to more efficient agricultural practices, such as promoting or retarding root offshoot growth for better nutrient absorption and crop yields.
When under attack, plants can signal microbial friends for help
Researchers have discovered that plants can send out an S.O.S. to their roots when attacked by pathogens, triggering a response from beneficial bacteria that brings relief. The study sheds light on the remarkable signaling system in plants, which rivals human and animal nervous systems.
US Air Force technology helps scientists understand plant root function
Researchers used thermal neutron attenuation to measure in-situ water content and uptake of nutrients by plants, providing a non-invasive method for studying root systems. The technique, called neutron computed tomography, has potential applications in agricultural practices and ecosystem sustainability.
Study finds that damaged land can restore itself
A new study published in Restoration Ecology reveals that damaged environments can be restored within a matter of years at virtually no cost. Spontaneous revegetation allows plants from surrounding areas to move in and take root, naturally restoring the site.
'Smart' flower bulbs pull themselves to deeper ground
Researchers discovered that some flower bulbs can move down into the ground in search of better growing conditions. Exposure to blue light triggers this movement, which is achieved through a hydraulic shift in cortical cells.
Human ancestors: more gatherers than hunters?
A recent study of chimpanzees in western Tanzania suggests that early humans may have dug potato-like foods with tools, challenging the long-held assumption that meat was more important for brain evolution. The research found that chimps only dig for roots during the rainy season, when other food sources are abundant.
Could 'hairy roots' become biofactories?
Rice scientists have successfully grown hairy roots for 4-and-a-half years, a breakthrough that could lead to mass production of medicines like vincristine and vinblastine. The transgenic roots contain genes from both the host plant and bacteria, offering a stable alternative to traditional cell cultures.
Hungry microbes share out the carbon in the roots of plants
A study at the University of York found that microbes in plant roots rapidly consume sugars and convert them into carbon dioxide, creating a shortcut in the carbon cycle. This process was demonstrated using C-13-labeled carbon dioxide, allowing researchers to identify the active microbes.
UD plant biologists uncover top wetland plant's hidden weapon
Scientists have identified the toxin produced by Phragmites australis as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, which causes structural protein disintegration in neighboring plant roots, leading to their death. The exotic strain releases higher concentrations of the toxin than native strains, contributing to its invasive success.
Scientists find stem cell switch
Researchers have found that ethylene regulates cell division in root stem cells, allowing plants to detect favorable soil conditions. This breakthrough has significant implications for tackling soil compaction issues in tropical agriculture.
Sowing seed on salty ground
Researchers identified a sodium transporter gene that helps plants grow better in low-nutrient conditions. The OsHKT2;1 transporter allows plants to take up sodium, reducing the toxic effects of salt stress and even enhancing growth under nutrient-poor soils.
UCR researchers determine genetic origin of California wild radish
A study by UC Riverside researchers found that the California wild radish is a hybrid of cultivated radish and jointed charlock, having completely replaced its ancestors in less than 100 years. The researchers attribute this rapid spread to unique traits such as unswollen roots and early flowering.
Salk scientists get to the root of plant cell fate
Researchers at the Salk Institute identified a key role for the TOPLESS gene in plant development, enabling them to engineer plants to grow leaves or flowers instead of roots. This breakthrough allows for the manipulation of plant polarity later in embryogenesis, offering opportunities for agricultural improvements.
Ecosystems with many plant species produce more and survive threats better
A long-term field experiment shows that ecosystems containing many different plant species are more productive than those containing only one species. This research suggests that a return to biodiversity may be key to meeting energy needs and restoring global ecosystems.
Super-sized cassava plants may help fight hunger in Africa
Researchers at Ohio State University have genetically modified cassava plants to produce larger, starch-rich roots, which could help alleviate hunger in Africa. The modified plants were found to produce up to 2.6 times larger roots and a third more leaves than regular cassava plants.
Key root-development pathway mapped using advanced genomic technique
A team of researchers has mapped the key root-development pathway in Arabidopsis using an advanced genomic technique, revealing eight direct targets and numerous indirectly affected genes. The study provides new insights into plant development and function, shedding light on the complex regulatory network governing root growth.
Science class experiment reveals vitamin B12 secret
Researchers led by Graham Walker discovered a mutant bacteria with a specific defect in the bluB gene involved in B12 synthesis. By analyzing mutations, they tracked molecular details of how bacteria provide nutrients to plants.
Understanding and nourishing the roots of food quality
Trends in declining nutrient levels will be discussed along with research findings on organic apples and strawberries.
Anyway you slice it, tomatoes cut through drought with new gene
A team of researchers has successfully engineered a drought-resistant gene into tomato plants, resulting in stronger root systems that can better utilize limited water. The technology could be applied to all crops, addressing the global concern of water scarcity and potentially increasing food production.
Plants, too, have ways to manage freeloaders
Researchers found that plants respond differently to bacteria that efficiently produce nitrogen, with root nodules growing bigger in response to good sharers. This complex relationship suggests that agricultural practices could disrupt these interactions and create plants with reduced ability to choose among root bacteria.
Climate models need deeper roots, scientists say
Scientists suggest that deep roots, not just surface moisture, affect terrestrial heat and moisture processes in land-atmosphere interaction. This understanding could lead to more accurate climate models and better predictability.
Plant genes identified that can form basis for crops better adapted to environmental conditions
Researchers have identified plant genes crucial for capillary root formation, a vital process for plants to absorb water and minerals. This discovery has important implications for sustainable agriculture, enabling the cultivation of crops that can adapt to changing environmental conditions.
Scientists discover genetic key to growing hardier, more productive plants
Researchers found that over-expressing a specific proton pump in plant cells enhances auxin transport, leading to stronger root systems and increased foliage. This discovery has the potential to revolutionize agriculture worldwide, particularly for farmers in developing countries.
The roots of civilization trace back to ... roots
The study suggests that roots were a primary food source for early humans on the savannah, leading to adaptations in their dental structure. This finding may have contributed to the initial split between humans and other apes, with the ability to eat roots providing a vital survival advantage.
Plants discriminate between self and non self
Researchers found that plants grow more and longer secondary roots on the non-self side, suggesting a mechanism based on physiological coordination. This coordination might involve internal pulsing of hormonal or electrical signals that desynchronize when plants are separated.
Underneath it all
Scientists study soil insects to develop sustainable pest control methods, such as using flavanoid compounds and silk to deter pests. Researchers also investigate the impact of genetically modified crops on soil organisms, revealing potential effects on springtails and earthworms.
Research team receives $7.5 million to study cassava
The BioCassava Plus project aims to develop cassava plants with increased levels of zinc, iron, protein and vitamins A and E, while reducing cyanide content and improving shelf life. The five-year grant will be used to increase the root's nutritional value and resistance to devastating plant viruses.
Digging in the dirt for life's biochemical foundations
A recent study by Michigan State University researchers found that fungi are more important in plant nitrogen nutrition than previously thought. The team discovered that over a third of the total nitrogen taken up by plants comes from fungal sources.
Plants become green Mr. Clean to combat toxic messes
Researchers have developed genetically modified plants that produce biological detergents to combat hydrophobic pollutants, including PCBs and dioxins. These 'green Mr. Clean' plants use enzymes to secrete detergents into the soil, making them effective in phytoremediation, a cost-effective alternative to traditional remediation methods.
How roots control plant shoots
Researchers at University of Utah discovered a gene, BPS1, in plant roots that sends chemical signals controlling leaf growth. The study found that manipulating this gene can change the way leaves develop, even when plants have enough food and water.
Edible urban plants found to contain lead
Researchers at Northwestern University found that leafy vegetables and herbs in Chicago residential gardens are highly likely to be contaminated with lead. The study's findings highlight the importance of testing soil lead levels and developing strategies to ensure safety for urban gardeners and their families.
UCSD biologists discover key step for 'designer plants' that could clean up heavy metals
Researchers at UCSD have discovered a chemical that allows plants to transport phytochelatins from roots to stems and leaves, enabling them to detoxify heavy metals like lead, arsenic, and cadmium. This finding brings bioremediation, using plants to clean up contaminated soil, closer to reality.
Researchers get to the root of cassava's cyanide-producing abilities
Scientists at Ohio State University have developed a new type of cassava plant that produces significantly less cyanide, a toxic compound found in the root. By blocking genes responsible for linamarin synthesis, researchers reduced cyanide levels by up to 99% in roots and 60-94% in leaves.
UPCI presents study on estrogenic activity of medicinal botanicals
Researchers at UPCI found that several plant extracts interact with estrogen receptors and induce strong estrogenic responses in female rats. The study highlights the need for caution when using these remedies, especially for women with a family or personal history of breast and uterine cancer.
Auxin takes root
Researchers have made significant advances in understanding the molecular pathway of root development by studying the auxin signaling pathway. The study identified a novel plant gene called NAC1, which is expressed in root tips and regulates the effect of auxin on root formation.
Turning salt and water into wine
A new technology called Partial Rootzone Drying (PRD) has emerged as a solution to reduce river water irrigation without exacerbating saline soils. By alternating irrigation patterns, half of the roots can be kept moist while the other half are kept dry, conserving water and maintaining fruit production.
Plant's PICKLE gene may hold clue to cancer
Biochemist Joe Ogas' research on the PICKLE gene reveals a biochemical switch that could help understand cancer and develop new oil crops. Plants with mutated genes produce roots storing oils like seeds do, but also exhibit pickle-like swellings.
NYU biologist identifies gene that regulates how plant cells proliferate and organize to form root systems
Philip Benfey has identified a gene that governs how plant cells proliferate and organize to form root systems. The research, published in Cell, has implications for both biology and bioengineering, including improving crop tolerance to salinity and fertilizer reliance.
Putting Down Your Roots: How Plants Know To Do It
Scientists at Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research discovered a plant gene called EIR1 that plays a critical role in root growth towards the earth in response to gravity. The findings may lead to new strategies for enhancing food production, particularly in arid climates.
Researcher Identifies Two New Violet Species In Central America
Two new violet species have been discovered in Central America, Hybanthus hespericlivus and Hybanthus denticulatus, characterized by their distinctive physical features. The violets, which are shrubs, were previously misclassified but have now been identified as distinct species through molecular studies.
New Plant Mutation Produces Tap Root With Large Amounts Of Oil, Proteins, And Starch
The pickle plant mutation retains embryonic cells in its root, storing oil, proteins, and starch. Gibberellin plays a crucial role in switching from embryonic to adult cell program, but its absence during early growth amplifies the effect.
New Corn Germplasm Lines Fend Off Two Key Nematode Pests
Researchers at the USDA's Agricultural Research Service have developed new corn germplasm lines that resist two key nematode pests, Meloidogyne incognita and M. arenaria. These resistant plants can help farmers reduce yield losses of up to 30% in southern US states, with little or no treatment required.