Articles tagged with Tobacco
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Rats exposed to tobacco smoke show affective and physical withdrawal signs, as well as nicotine-induced changes in the hippocampus, indicating nicotine dependence. The study suggests a rat model can be used to investigate tobacco smoke's effects on the human brain and evaluate novel treatments for tobacco addiction.
A study led by Virginia Commonwealth University researcher found that waterpipe tobacco smokers are exposed to the same toxicants as cigarette smokers, including carbon monoxide and nicotine. The study, which compared waterpipe and cigarette smoking under controlled conditions, showed that waterpipe smokers inhale more smoke than cigar...
A study by Irina Stepanov and colleagues found that moist snuff contains at least eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nine of which are classified as carcinogens. The presence of these toxicants in smokeless tobacco may contribute to increased risk of cancer and other health issues.
Exposure to tobacco smoke in either the donor or recipient before heart transplantation leads to accelerated immune system rejection of the transplanted heart. The study found a significant reduction in the transplanted organ's chance of survival by 33-57 percent.
A survey of UK drug users found that they rate legal substances like alcohol and tobacco as more harmful than Class A substances, suggesting a flaw in the current classification system. The study also found high correlations between user ratings and expert ratings, indicating users are well informed about drug harms.
Children exposed prenatally to tobacco smoke and during childhood to lead face a high risk for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The study estimates that up to 35% of ADHD cases could be reduced by eliminating these environmental exposures.
A new study from the University of Georgia suggests that outdoor smoking areas may be creating a new health hazard due to high levels of secondhand smoke. The research found cotinine levels up to 162% greater in non-smokers exposed to outdoor smoke, posing potential public health risks.
A study published in CyberPsychology and Behavior found that smokers who crushed virtual cigarettes in a virtual reality environment had significantly reduced nicotine dependence and higher rates of tobacco abstinence compared to those who grasped virtual balls. The treatment group stayed in the program longer, with higher rates of smo...
The University of Adelaide's Professor Konrad Jamrozik has spent 30 years campaigning against smoking and helping smokers quit. He has contributed significantly to tobacco control through his research, clinical trials, and advocacy.
Experts outline steps for federal, state, and local governments to reduce the $2 billion healthcare burden from alcohol, drugs, and tobacco use and abuse. Research roadmap covers treatment of drug and alcohol use disorders, preventing drug abuse, and policies to achieve a smoke-free society.
A new study found that 5% of Spanish waiters have stopped smoking, and those who continue to smoke consume fewer cigarettes. The law banning smoking in public places has significantly reduced nicotine exposure among workers.
People with mental illnesses like depression and anxiety are heavy smokers, but their doctors fear asking them to quit due to concerns about worsening symptoms. However, tobacco addiction specialist Brian Hitsman says this is a myth, and treating tobacco use and dependence can improve patients' overall health.
A study found average PM2.5 micro particle levels in European hospitals to be 3.0μg/m3, with half being between 2.0 and 7.0μg/m3. This suggests exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is 'low' across the continent.
A study published in Neurology found that smoking cigarettes significantly increases the risk of developing multiple sclerosis, particularly in women. In contrast, using Swedish snuff was not associated with an elevated risk for MS. The researchers suggest that nicotine may not be the primary substance responsible for the increased risk.
A study found that parents' influence can significantly impact whether teenagers progress from experimenting with tobacco to becoming daily smokers. Parents who smoke increase their children's chances of smoking, but quitting also sends a strong anti-smoking message.
Smoking causes an estimated 0.7 million deaths per year in the European Union, with 23 years of life lost on average for those dying before age 70. Quitting smoking can reduce this risk, although a quarter of smokers will still die from tobacco-related causes if they continue
The Tobacco Atlas estimates that tobacco use kills six million people annually, with two million cancer deaths projected by 2015. The global economy loses $500 billion due to tobacco use, mainly in low- and middle-income countries.
By February 2008, 45% of US hospitals had adopted smoke-free campus policies, with not-for-profit hospitals more likely to implement them. The majority of US hospitals are expected to adopt similar policies by the end of 2009, according to the study.
A new study expands the list of hazardous chemicals in smokeless tobacco, revealing a link between snuff consumption and increased risk of oral and pancreatic cancers. The research found that users are exposed to the same amount of carcinogenic compounds as cigarette smokers, challenging the notion that smokeless tobacco is safer.
A new study has discovered that smokeless tobacco contains carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and other hazardous chemicals, exposing users to the same level of risk as cigarette smokers. The research adds to evidence of oral and pancreatic cancer risks associated with smokeless tobacco use.
Researchers find marijuana smoke causes more cell damage and DNA harm than tobacco smoke, but doesn't cause chromosome damage. The study provides new insights into marijuana's potential health risks and challenges common perceptions about its relative safety.
A large meta-analysis published in BMC Medicine shows that smokeless tobacco products do not increase cancer risk. The study found a significant reduction in cancer deaths among smokers who switched to smokeless tobacco.
A new FDA regulation on tobacco products has been met with criticism from advocates, who argue that it compromises long-term progress in tobacco control. The law repeals federal pre-emption of state and local regulations, but also allows the tobacco industry to rehabilitate its image through FDA-regulated products.
A recent study found that cigarette packaging still contains misleading information about health hazards, with consumers incorrectly perceiving certain brands as safer. The researchers advocate for expanded regulations to remove such design elements and promote standardized packaging.
A new study by Wake Forest University School of Medicine reveals that 83% of undergraduate college students in the United States reported being exposed to secondhand smoke at least once in the past week. The study found correlations between exposure and demographics, lifestyle habits, and smoking behaviors.
A recent study reviews economic arguments for tobacco control policies, finding that taxes can justify interventions due to market failures. However, the study concludes that a society with smokers is not necessarily economically ineffective, and that measures like taxes and restrictions on consumption may increase net welfare gains if...
According to experts, a nationwide effort can accelerate the decline of tobacco use in the next 50 years. Researchers analyzed data from the 1960s to the present and found that smoking rates have declined steadily, dropping from 42% to 20% over six decades.
A global Framework Convention on Alcohol Control is seen as crucial to addressing the alcohol-related health crisis. Non-governmental organisations and governments must work together to overcome industry resistance and generate political priority for alcohol control efforts.
A study published in The Lancet found that excessive alcohol consumption in Russia is responsible for more than half of all premature deaths among adults, with men being particularly affected. The researchers analyzed data from three Russian cities and found that alcohol use was linked to an increased risk of deaths from accidents, vio...
A recent study published in The Journal of Headache and Pain found that smoking more than five cigarettes a day increases the frequency of migraine attacks. The research involved 361 medicine students who were aware of their migraine status and reported higher prevalence of smokers among those with migraines.
Researchers found a direct link between smoking and brain damage due to NNK, a tobacco compound that provokes white blood cells to attack healthy brain cells. This can lead to neuroinflammation, conditions like Multiple Sclerosis. NNK is present in all forms of tobacco, also affecting second-hand smokers.
Researchers from Harvard School of Public Health found that tobacco manufacturers altered cigarette ingredients and design without disclosing these changes to consumers. The study suggests that this lack of transparency contributes to the continued harm caused by tobacco products.
The report reveals stark contrasts in tobacco control policies and use across the US, with serious disparities remaining. States with strong programs and policies exhibit lower smoking prevalence and higher quit rates, while others lag behind, hindering overall progress.
Researchers found that U.S., Canadian, and UK-based insurance firms hold at least $4.4 billion in investments in tobacco companies. This raises concerns about the industry prioritizing profits over public health. Insurers profit by excluding smokers from coverage or charging them higher premiums.
Researchers analyzed 22 trials of web- and computer-based smoking cessation programs, finding a significant improvement in success rates compared to quitting alone. The studies involved nearly 30,000 participants and showed that these programs can be an effective, cost-effective way to help smokers overcome tobacco dependence.
A new UCSF study found that negative attitudes towards the tobacco industry are associated with lower rates of smoking among young adults. The study, which surveyed 1,528 people aged 18-25, suggests that anti-tobacco advertising campaigns can be effective in reducing smoking rates by portraying the industry in a negative light.
Researchers found women tend to be younger when developing lung cancer, despite smoking less than men, increasing the risk of tobacco carcinogens. Women's awareness of other cancers like breast cancer may also contribute to their vulnerability, with median survival after surgery being longer for women.
Researchers found that patient-tailored treatment regimens may have a more positive impact than strict glycemic control in managing type 2 diabetes. Additionally, universal insurance coverage may reduce race-based health care disparities by improving chronic disease control among patients from different racial or ethnic groups.
Exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke, wood smoke, or cooking oil smoke for as little as 10 minutes affects cardiovascular function in both men and women. Men exhibit a stronger sympathetic response, while women show a healthier parasympathetic response. These findings confirm previous research on the negative effects of tobacco smoke o...
A nationwide study reveals that enforcing federal and state laws against tobacco sales to minors drastically decreases underage smoking rates, with daily smoking rates among 10th graders falling by half between 1997 and 2003.
Research by the University of Massachusetts Medical School found a 20.8% reduction in daily smoking among 10th graders after enforcement of the Synar Amendment. This law makes it financially dangerous for shops to sell tobacco to underage customers, reducing cigarette supply to vulnerable groups.
Smoking both marijuana and tobacco significantly increases respiratory symptoms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk. A study of 878 adults aged 40 or older found that those who smoked both substances were 2.5 times more likely to have respiratory symptoms and almost 3 times more likely to have COPD.
A recent editorial in The Lancet critiques Coca-Cola's marketing tactics, drawing parallels with the tobacco industry. The company is accused of using celebrity endorsements and blaming shifting to avoid responsibility for its products' impact on health.
A new study finds that politically conservative states with higher per capita income, youth populations, and cancer mortality rates are more likely to restrict youth access to tobacco. The study reveals that clerk intervention and random inspections are effective methods for restricting youth access.
A Health Department study found that 57% of adult New Yorkers have elevated cotinine levels, indicating recent exposure to toxic secondhand smoke. This highlights the need for households with smokers to set a 'no smoking' policy at home.
Researchers found specific gene variations affect lung function growth and susceptibility to environmental insults. Variants in GST genes correlated with poorer lung function and greater susceptibility to damage from maternal cigarette smoke during pregnancy.
Scientists successfully produced biologically-active interleukin-10 in genetically modified tobacco plants, offering a potential new treatment for autoimmune diseases. The transgenic plants can produce the active cytokine at high levels without lengthy extraction and purification processes.
The new edition of the Tobacco Atlas highlights that tobacco use is unlikely to decrease during a recession, as products providing comfort in stressful times tend to sell well. Global tobacco use remains a significant public health concern, with $500 billion spent annually on tobacco-related illnesses and death.
The Tobacco Atlas reveals a catastrophic toll of tobacco on global health and economies, with estimated economic costs exceeding $500 billion. The report also highlights the shift in burden from high-income to low- and middle-income countries, where tobacco kills 72% of its victims.
A new study found that parental permission to watch R-rated movies increases the likelihood that children believe it's easy to obtain cigarettes. This perception is associated with a higher risk of smoking among kids, suggesting parental smoking and home environment can contribute to youth smoking.
Researchers estimate that truth saved $1.9 billion in health care costs associated with tobacco use by preventing youth from starting to smoke. The campaign's expansion would be an excellent public health investment due to its cost-effectiveness.
Researchers found that half of men with high cotinine levels lived with a partner who smoked, increasing their risk of heart attacks. Despite declining smoking rates in the UK, living with a smoker remains a significant risk factor for non-smokers.
A study found that smokers are more likely to quit for their pet's health than their own. Secondhand tobacco smoke poses a significant risk to pets, causing various health issues.
Research reveals that tobacco companies in South Korea have been deliberately targeting girls and young women with marketing campaigns, using tactics such as associating smoking with body image and female emancipation. The study calls for stricter regulations and public education to combat the rise in female smoking rates.
A recent UC Davis study found that smoking is linked to over 70% of cancer death burden among Massachusetts men in 2003, surpassing previous estimates. The study suggests that increased tobacco control efforts could save more lives and improve health outcomes.
The trend of barring smokers from employment is being questioned by US experts, who argue that such policies can have serious consequences for smokers' health and well-being. The authors suggest that these policies may lead to discrimination against smokers and limit their job opportunities.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital found that adults who recognize the dangers of third-hand smoke are more likely to ban smoking in their homes. The study also showed that increasing awareness of how third-hand smoke harms children's health can encourage home smoking bans.
A new study reveals that a Philip Morris scientist established close connections with the Chulabhorn Research Institute in Thailand, which is designated as a WHO Collaborating Centre. This link raises concerns about the tobacco industry's ability to influence medical research and teaching at an academic institution allied with the WHO.
A new study found that British American Tobacco used a multi-pronged strategy to undermine China's secondhand smoke policy. BAT funded the Beijing Liver Foundation and promoted ineffective ventilation systems, diverting attention from SHS issues. Researchers call for policymakers and media to be aware of these tactics.
The American Cancer Society announced the winners of the 2009 Luther L. Terry Awards, recognizing outstanding achievements in tobacco control worldwide. The awards were presented to six individuals and organizations for their contributions to tobacco control, including researchers, policymakers, and advocates.