Stranglers of the tropics -- and beyond
Lianas, found in most tropical lowland forests, are outcompeting trees for sunlight, water, and nutrients. This intense competition is limiting tree growth and survival in these ecosystems.
Trees
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Uncertain future for Joshua trees projected with climate change
A new study projects that climate change will likely eliminate Joshua trees from 90 percent of their current range within 60 to 90 years. The species' ability to migrate via seed dispersal may be severely limited due to its reliance on seed-caching rodents.
Virginia Tech forest researcher awarded NSF early career grant
Virginia Tech forest researcher Jason Holliday has received a $1.5 million NSF grant to investigate how tree populations adapt at the genomic scale in response to climate change. The study aims to improve breeding applications for poplar planting stock in a changing climate.
Ancient trash heaps gave rise to Everglades tree islands
New research suggests that ancient trash mounds, or middens, left behind by prehistoric humans may be responsible for the formation of tree islands in the Florida Everglades. These elevated areas allowed trees to grow and provided a habitat for wildlife. Human disturbance is now threatening the existence of these unique ecosystems.
'Fly tree of life' mapped, adds big branch of evolutionary knowledge
Scientists have created a comprehensive framework for understanding fly evolution, revealing surprising relationships between species. The study provides new insights into the origins and diversification of flies, which comprise over 10% of all life on Earth.
Old-growth tree stumps tell the story of fire in the upper Midwest
Researchers reconstructed a 226-year fire history in southern Illinois by analyzing fire scars on post oak trees. The study found that repeated fires dating back to early European settlement permanently altered the region's ecology.
Climate change causing demise of lodgepole pine in western North America
A new study projects that climate change will shrink the range of lodgepole pine in western North America by 2080, with the species expected to survive in only 17% of its current range. Warmer temperatures and increased drought are already affecting the species' growth, making it more vulnerable to insect attacks like bark beetles.
Hotspots of carbon confusion in Indonesia threaten to warm the world more quickly
Indonesia aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but contradictions in laws, regulations, and customary norms hinder progress. The country's forest management policies create hotspots of confusion over what constitutes 'peat' and 'natural forest', leading to ongoing conflicts between industry, government, and local communities.
Bacteria living on old-growth trees
Researchers discover that bacteria associated with mosses on tree branches are essential for nutrient dynamics, enabling the long-term productivity of coastal temperate rainforests. The study highlights the importance of preserving large old-growth trees to maintain these forests' health.
Why are vines overtaking the American tropics?
Research finds vines are outcompeting trees in tropical forests across the Americas, posing a threat to biodiversity and ecosystem services. This shift has significant implications for climate models, business models relying on tree growth data, and human communities dependent on these forests.
A race against time to find Apollo 14's lost voyagers
Hundreds of 'moon trees,' planted by Apollo 14 astronaut Stuart Roosa in 1971, are living out their lives across the US. As some die or succumb to disease, NASA's Dave Williams is racing against time to find and record the remaining trees' locations.
Putting trees on farms fundamental to future agricultural development
Growing trees on farms enhances soil health, conserves water, and provides a range of products including food, medicine, and energy. Agroforestry is crucial for meeting global challenges such as food security and climate change.
2 severe Amazon droughts in 5 years alarms scientists
Researchers found two severe Amazon droughts in 5 years have caused widespread and severe impacts on the region's rainforests. The carbon impact of these droughts may exceed previous estimates, potentially offsetting the Amazon's ability to absorb CO2 from the atmosphere.
Genome of blue stain fungus evolved to bypass tree defense in mountain pine beetle epidemic: UBC
A UBC study has identified genes that allow the blue stain fungus Grosmannia clavigera to bypass lodgepole pine's natural fungicide, enabling it to infect and kill trees. This knowledge could inform strategies to prevent future outbreaks of mountain pine beetles.
Climate change threatens many tree species, say Hebrew U. researchers
Researchers at Hebrew U. warn that climate change may cause many tree species with wind-dispersed seeds to become extinct due to reduced wind speed and increased seed production. This could lead to a slower spread of trees than expected, making them vulnerable to extinction.
April grafting optimal for Fraser fir
Researchers found that April grafting is the most successful method for creating disease-resistant Fraser fir trees, with a 95% success rate. The study recommended grafting during late winter or early spring when scions are dormant and rootstocks are becoming active.
Landscape tree disease from 12 wood decay fungi studied
A study investigated the in vitro development of decay caused by 12 major root-rot and trunk-rot fungi in nine ornamental tree species. Strains like Armillaria mellea and Ganoderma lucidum exhibited high decay potential, with gymnosperm wood generally more resistant than angiosperm wood.
New research contains solutions to common pear disease
A new study by Oregon State University and USDA-Agricultural Research Service found that a combination of urea and CuEDTA with phosphonate-containing fungicides can reduce disease severity caused by Phytophthora syringae in pear trees. This treatment does not negatively impact tree nitrogen content or early defoliation.
'Food of the gods' genome sequence could make finest chocolate better
Researchers have sequenced the DNA of the Criollo cacao tree, considered one of the world's finest chocolate varieties. The study identified key genes that can improve disease resistance and increase productivity, potentially leading to a more sustainable cacao economy.
Ancient forest emerges mummified from the Arctic
A team of researchers has discovered a mummified forest in the Arctic that provides valuable insights into how plants adapted to a long-ago global cooling event. The trees, which are estimated to be 2-8 million years old, show signs of stress and suffered from extreme conditions, including half a year of darkness and cooling climate.
Hot with decades of drought: Expectations for the Southwest
A new study suggests that a 60-year drought like the one in the 12th Century could occur in the Southwest, with devastating impacts on ecosystems and water systems. The team analyzed past temperatures and droughts to identify plausible worst-case scenarios, highlighting the need for improved water management planning.
Team of scientists predicts continued death of forests in southwestern US due to climate change
A team of scientists predicts continued death of forests in the southwestern US due to climate change, with more severe fire events, higher tree mortality rates, and insect infestation. The study finds that warmer temperatures are negatively impacting tree growth, particularly in the spring and summer months.
Drought and rising temperatures weaken southwest forests
A study by the US Forest Service and University of California, Santa Barbara found that warmer temperatures and reduced precipitation lead to lower tree fitness in southwestern US forests. This weakening of forest health has resulted in higher mortality rates from wildfires and bark beetle attacks.
Iron legacy leaves soil high in manganese
Researchers found elevated manganese levels in 20 of 21 soil samples from a ridge at Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory, with 53% attributed to atmospheric deposition from industrial sources. The excess manganese can be toxic to trees and other vegetation, highlighting the legacy of past iron furnaces.
Towards an efficient, effective and equitable REDD+
The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) emphasizes the need for a whole landscape approach in REDD+, considering land uses beyond forests to address deforestation drivers. This approach can help reduce problems like carbon leakage and improve forest governance.
Ravenous foreign pests threaten national treasures
A comprehensive study published in BioScience reveals over 455 insects and 16 pathogens are destroying forests across the US. Invasive species are predicted to continue threatening native ecosystems, with experts warning of a devastating impact on industries dependent on trees and plants.
Blast from the past: Jack pine genetics support a coastal glacial refugium
Researchers found distinct genetic patterns in eastern and western jack pine populations, suggesting an isolated coastal refugium along the Atlantic coast during the Last Glacial Maximum. This discovery sheds light on how glaciers impacted present-day pine genetics and potentially influenced the distribution of other boreal species.
Scientists develop new DNA technique to aid crops and trees at risk from deadly 'honey fungus'
Scientists develop a new DNA technique to screen for natural resistance in crops affected by the honey fungus, a devastating disease of trees and shrubs. The technique allows for easy identification, measurement, and study of the fungus in a lab setting.
Koalas as picky leaf-eaters, ancient insects in warm climates and California's forest fires
New study maps koala habitats using taste preferences, while ancient insects migrated to warmer climates in response to rising temperatures. Koalas prefer large trees with palatable leaves and avoid smaller unpalatable trees, highlighting the importance of habitat quality.
Levels of coumarin in cassia cinnamon vary greatly even in bark from the same tree
A recent study reveals significant variation in coumarin levels among Cassia cinnamon samples, with powder containing up to 63 times more coumarin than Ceylon cinnamon. Researchers highlight the need for further research to identify factors influencing coumarin levels and potentially allow for lower-coumarin harvesting.
Some city trees may discourage 'shady' behavior
A new study by the US Forest Service found that certain types of city trees can reduce property and violent crime rates. Large street trees were associated with lower crime rates, while numerous small yard trees may increase crime by blocking views.
Plant stem cells could be fruitful source of low-cost cancer drug
A study suggests that plant stem cells derived from trees could be used to produce the anticancer compound paclitaxel at a low cost. This method avoids the use of mature trees and environmentally damaging by-products associated with current industrial manufacturing processes.
Missouri Botanical Garden researcher discover new genus
Researchers at the Missouri Botanical Garden have discovered a new genus of tree, Hondurodendron, which is endemic to Honduras and has unique characteristics. The genus was identified through morphological and molecular analysis, and its single species, Hondurodendron urceolatum, has a distinctive fruit resembling a guava.
A reinvention of agriculture is needed to meet global challenges
The World Agroforestry Centre calls for a radical transformation in agriculture to address climate change, food security, and sustainability. Evergreen Agriculture promotes sustainable crop yields, carbon storage, and income generation through fertilizer trees integrated into farming systems.
UF research provides new understanding of bizarre extinct mammal
Researchers have found that Labidolemur kayi shares similarities in bone features with other mammals, indicating its living relatives are rodents, rabbits, flying lemurs, tree shrews and primates. The study provides valuable information for understanding the origin of primates.
University of Florida research provides new understanding of bizarre extinct mammal
A 55-million-year-old extinct mammal, Labidolemur kayi, has been found to share a common ancestor with rodents and primates. The study reveals minute details in the skull, including bone structures smaller than one-tenth of a millimeter, which provide valuable information for understanding the origin of primates.
Long-extinct passenger pigeon finds a place in the family tree
Researchers used DNA from century-old specimens to identify the passenger pigeon's closest living relatives, revealing a unique bird with a distinct place in the evolutionary history of pigeons and doves. The study found that the passenger pigeon was not closely related to the mourning dove as previously thought.
Researchers engineer microbes for low-cost production of anti-cancer drug, Taxol
Researchers engineered E. coli bacteria to produce taxadiene, a precursor to the cancer drug Taxol, achieving 1,000 times more production than previous strains. The technique could bring down manufacturing costs and help discover new therapeutic compounds for cancer and other diseases.
Penn biologists say species accumulate on Earth at slower rates than in the past
Computational biologists at the University of Pennsylvania found that species diversification rates have typically decayed over time, suggesting a limit to species diversity. The study used phylogenies from various groups and found relatively little extinction in the evolutionary trees, contrasting with the fossil record.
Wasps wage war on behalf of wiliwili trees
A new species of parasitic wasp, Eurytoma erythrinae, has been released in Hawaii to combat the invasive Erythrina gall wasp, which harms endemic wiliwili trees. The parasite's high success rate has led to significant declines in tree damage.
The Joy of sets: For ants and trees, multiple partners are a boon
A University of Florida study reveals that trees with sequential ant partners produce more offspring than those with lifelong associations. The research shows that even 'cheating' ants can be beneficial by causing trees to produce seeds before being killed, and another ant species defends the tree but later allows it to reproduce.
Introducing 'Champagne,' new disease-resistant fig
The Louisiana State University Agricultural Center has developed a new disease-resistant fig named 'Champagne', which outperforms other varieties in terms of fruiting characteristics. The fig produces distinctive yellow and gold-colored fruit and is resistant to defoliation caused by fig leaf rust and leaf spot.
Analysis of the chocolate genome could lead to improved crops and products
Researchers have sequenced the genome of the Criollo variety of cacao tree, which is considered the finest chocolate-producing variety. The analysis identified key gene families that could enhance crop yields and provide protection against diseases.
Stanford land-use expert brings satellite data down to Earth
Eric Lambin's research integrates remote satellite imagery with door-to-door interviews to understand the complex conditions giving rise to land-use challenges. He has uncovered the political, economic, and social forces driving deforestation and reforestation trends worldwide.
Scots Pine shows its continental roots
Scientists studied Scots Pine genes to discover they still harbor genetic variation from their continental ancestors, which could aid future populations' adaptation and survival under changing climate conditions. The research found Scottish pine tree populations are genetically diverse enough to cope with future change.
Ants take on Goliath role in protecting trees in the savanna from elephants
A new study found that ants play a crucial role in protecting tree cover in East African savannas from elephants. The researchers discovered that swarming groups of ants can repel elephants, preventing extensive damage to trees.
Tiny ant bodyguards keep massive elephants at bay
A new study reveals that tiny ants play a crucial role in protecting acacia trees from elephants in the African savanna. The findings suggest that swarming groups of ants can deter elephants, which prefer to eat ant-plants over their favorite tree food.
Special edition journal provides new perspectives and guidance for managing white pine blister rust
A special edition journal provides new perspectives and guidance for managing Cronartium ribicola, an introduced invasive pathogen causing serious damage to North American white pines. The collection of 12 articles synthesizes knowledge on the disease, identifies policy actions, and reviews future issues facing white pine management.
North Korea opens its doors to agroforestry
A pioneering project in North Korea has successfully implemented agroforestry systems on marginal sloping lands, increasing tree cover and crop diversity. The project has made a significant impact on people's lives, providing them with food, vitamins, and income through sustainable land management.
Burning invasive juniper trees boosts perennial grass recovery
USDA scientists Jon Bates and Tony Svejcar found that burning cut juniper trees in winter helps protect native perennials from invasive cheatgrass. After 10 years, burned areas showed 1.5-2 times greater herbaceous and perennial grass cover than unburned areas.
Fuel treatments reduce wildfire severity, tree mortality in Washington forests
A study found that fuel treatments can reduce fire severity and protect older trees desirable for their timber, wildlife, and carbon-storage value. The results showed nearly 60% of trees survived in stands with thinning plus fuel treatment, and three-quarters of larger trees survived.
Can clonal plants live forever?
Researchers found that long-lived aspen clones experience reduced sexual performance and increased risk of extinction with age. The study, published in PLOS Biology, used molecular clock estimates to determine the age of individual clones and measured male fertility.
Scientists develop sustainable, environmentally friendly potting medium
USDA scientists create a new sustainable potting medium called WholeTree, made from thinned pine trees. The material can replace costly and time-consuming materials like peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite, reducing energy costs and environmental impact.
Signs of reversal of Arctic cooling in some areas
Researchers reconstructed summer temperatures on the Kola Peninsula and found a rapid temperature rise since 1990, contradicting previous cooling trends. The data suggest that solar activity may have been a significant factor contributing to Arctic temperature fluctuations until 1970.
Some trees 'farm' bacteria to help supply nutrients
Certain tree species have developed strategies to select bacterial communities that can break down inorganic minerals into usable nutrients. This process, known as mineral weathering, is essential for tree growth in acidic forest soils.
Shade-coffee farms support native bees that maintain genetic diversity in tropical forests
A University of Michigan biologist and a colleague at the University of California, Berkeley, found that shade-grown coffee farms support native bees that pollinate native trees and enhance genetic diversity. The study suggests that these bees play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity in tropical regions.
Seeing the forest and the trees reveals heart problems
Researchers developed a system using Random Forests, Logistic Model Tree, and Neural Network to diagnose heart problems with high accuracy. The study used publicly available heart rate data and achieved a classification accuracy of 98.17%.
Cashew seed extract an effective anti-diabetic
A new study published in Molecular Nutrition and Food Research journal reveals that cashew seed extract can improve the body's response to insulin, potentially treating diabetes. The investigation found that only cashew seed extract significantly stimulated blood sugar absorption by muscle cells.
Staggering tree loss from 2005 Amazon storm
The study reveals that a single squall line killed between 441 and 663 million trees across the Amazon basin, equivalent to 23% of annual carbon accumulation. The region near Manaus experienced up to 80% tree mortality in affected plots.
Man-made global warming started with ancient hunters
A new study proposes that early hunters contributed to the demise of mammoths around 15,000 years ago, leading to a significant increase in birch trees and global warming. The researchers estimate that this event may have added up to 0.1 degrees Celsius to the planet's temperature over several centuries.