Articles tagged with Statistical Physics
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A team of researchers from the Santa Fe Institute has published a paper on the thermodynamics of computation, which involves elements of statistical physics, computer science, cellular biology, and neurobiology. The study aims to understand how computers process information and reduce energy waste by optimizing computational processes.
Urban heat islands are caused by cities trapping more heat than surrounding areas due to their structure, affecting energy consumption and air quality. Researchers studied 50 cities and found that well-organized cities with straight streets retain more heat at night, leading to increased energy bills in hot climates.
László Erdős and Horng-Tzer Yau proved the universality conjecture, a major breakthrough in random matrix theory. This achievement has significant implications for physics, statistical analysis, finance, and materials science, among other fields.
Researchers have discovered a method to control the movement of microscopic crystals, enabling precise targeting of diseased organs for drug delivery. The crystals, which exhibit superparamagnetic properties, can be directed using a magnetic field, opening new applications for improving lives.
A new study published in New Journal of Physics found that physicists pay less attention to articles with dense mathematical details, indicating real and widespread barriers to scientific communication. The researchers suggest improving clearer presentation of technical work is key to bridging this gap.
The American Statistical Association publishes guidelines for researchers to treat statistics as a science, not a recipe. The 10 simple rules emphasize the need for principled statistical analysis to avoid misperceptions and inaccurate claims.
Researchers discovered that solid materials, including nanocrystals and the Earth's crust, share similar deformation properties due to slip-avalanches. This study enables the transfer of results across different scales and materials, providing new tools for predicting material deformation and hazard prevention.
A new report from the American Institute of Physics finds that Ph.D. physicists in non-academic careers are intellectually stimulating, challenging, and rewarding. Many earn salaries higher than their academic counterparts, with 85% working in STEM fields and 71% describing their jobs as intellectually challenging.
Chaoming Song, assistant professor of physics at the University of Miami, was awarded the 2015 Erdos-Renyi Prize for his influential work on network science. His research has a significant impact on various areas of Network Science, including statistical physics, biological science, and computational social science.
Researchers used big data visualization to study the migration patterns of over 150,000 individuals across two millennia, revealing a pattern of geographical birth sources and death attractors. The study also found that cultural centers and economic centers do not always coincide, and that population size does not necessarily determine...
A recent study published in Geophysical Research Letters suggests that the slowdown in global warming between 1998 and 2013 was due to a natural cooling fluctuation, rather than human-induced emissions. The study uses statistical analysis to identify patterns consistent with pre-industrial temperature swings.
A new study led by Steve Pressé reveals a preferred strategy for picking mathematical models with the greatest predictive power, emphasizing simplicity and avoiding unnecessary complexity. The study's findings support Occam's razor principle, suggesting that simpler theories are more likely to be correct.
Researchers discovered that all individuals are social climbers, as they seek to enhance their social importance through connections with central nodes. In hierarchical societies, this inclination leads to a clear identification of central nodes, resulting in an increasing number of social climbers.
A study by Vladimir Filimonov and Didier Sornette challenges the existence of power laws governing stock market volatility, volume, and intertrade times. They found that 'switching points' are actually caused by biased interpretation of market data statistics.
Physicists at the University of Miami developed a mathematical model to describe the timing of price changes in the Foreign Exchange market. The study reveals patterns of synchronicity among currency pairs, which increases with increased activity.
A Harvard-Tsinghua University study measures atmospheric CO2 and carbon monoxide levels in Beijing, showing a trend towards cleaner, more efficient combustion since the 2008 Olympics. The findings support China's official energy efficiency goals and provide valuable insights into combustion processes.
Scientists at TUM create a versatile biophysical model system to investigate complex systems and their properties. They report finding that when density crosses a threshold, actin filaments begin to move collectively, resembling flocks of birds or shoals of fish.
Scientists have created a simple model that can predict the patterns observed in molecular self-organization on surfaces. By combining statistical physics and detailed simulations with images obtained by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), researchers were able to formulate a model that can generate a wide variety of patterns, reprod...
Researchers like Brad Marston use statistical physics to analyze climate patterns, providing insights into the driving concepts behind global warming. By focusing on the larger mechanisms that drive changes in rainfall, scientists can improve their understanding of climate change and its effects.
Researchers successfully created a magnetic field in a highly turbulent flow of liquid sodium, exhibiting remarkable similarities with cosmic magnetic fields. This breakthrough advances our understanding of the mechanisms behind the formation of natural magnetic fields.
The number of US high school students taking physics has increased to a record high, with more than 30% of seniors enrolling in physics classes. Physics bachelor's degree recipients are also on the rise, with a 31% increase since 2000 and a significantly higher likelihood of pursuing advanced degrees.
Researchers analyzed data on consecutive earthquakes to find that seismic activity may affect a larger area than previously believed, potentially supporting long-range earthquake triggering. This phenomenon challenges the traditional view of earthquakes influencing only their immediate rupture zone.
The Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics awarded the George Polya Prize to Gregory F. Lawler, Oded Schramm and Wendelin Werner for their groundbreaking work on stochastic Loewner evolution (SLE). Their research established the existence and conformal invariance of critical scaling limits of several 2D lattice models.
Researchers Paolo De Los Rios and Pierre Goloubinoff identified a simple mechanism for molecular chaperones to facilitate protein folding and translocation, resolving a long-standing controversy. Their 'Entropic Pulling' theory combines thermodynamic principles with the laws of physics to explain Hsp70's activity.
Case researchers Ramani Pilla, Catherine Loader, and Cyrus Taylor discover a method to find needles in haystacks using geometric approaches. They test their technique with computer simulations, demonstrating its ability to significantly increase detection probabilities.
Researchers discover a significant circadian rhythm in heartbeat dynamics, but not in motor activity. They also find similar wakefulness periods across mammalian species, suggesting self-organized criticality in sleep patterns.
A UCLA physicist uses complex systems analysis to study how best-selling books reach their sales peaks, finding that two types of shocks can lead to predictable sales patterns. The researcher's model has been applied to understanding earthquakes and other natural disasters.
Fractal extremes help predict when surfaces will reach critical points of erosion or accumulation, enabling better material designs and reliable devices. The study uses scaling math and extreme-value statistics to model surface growth and erosion processes, providing a more accurate method for predicting these events.
The American Physical Society's largest physics meeting will feature over 5000 speakers presenting on topics including nanotechnology, MEMS innovations, cancer detection, and cardiac disorders. Researchers will also discuss pseudoscience and superstition in science.
The article explains that 'hard' NP-complete problems are difficult due to discontinuous phase transitions, making them impractical to solve even with moderate-sized inputs. The research suggests exploiting certain properties of these abrupt transitions to make the problems easier by nailing down critical variables.
A new study by Armin Bunde and colleagues found that temperature correlations persist worldwide, with a universal exponent gamma of -0.65, holding for at least a decade and potentially centuries.
The National Academy of Sciences has elected 60 new members for their distinguished achievements in original research. The newly elected members include experts from top universities such as North Carolina State University, Columbia University, and Yale University.
Researchers found an unexpected orientation in space, measured through light polarization from distant galaxies. The 'corkscrew effect' indicates a universal axis that orients the universe.
Researchers observed hundreds of thousands of high-energy collisions between protons and positrons, far exceeding expected statistical probabilities. The unexpected results may indicate new physics or a mistake in understanding what's inside the proton.
Toichiro Kinoshita's numerical integration method achieves the most accurate estimates of the fine structure constant to date. The result has a high statistical confidence, standing out from other values vying for acceptance as the next standard.