Articles tagged with Catalysis
Researchers at Rice University have discovered a way to simplify the manufacture of solar cells by employing electrodes as catalysts to create black silicon. The new process enables the production of black silicon with high efficiency and reflects little light, allowing more sunlight to reach the active elements of solar cells.
Scientists at University of Otago challenge traditional understanding of enzyme evolution, finding evidence of rapid evolution and ancient catalysts. The research has implications for designing proteins with biomedical applications.
A University of Tokyo research group has successfully synthesized (R)- and (S)-rolipram in high yield with high selectivity using a catalyzed flow fine synthesis. This new technology eliminates excess energy, purification steps, and waste generation, offering a promising solution for the production of medicines and fine chemicals.
Cathleen Crudden, a Canadian scholar at Queen's University, has been awarded the 2015 Killam Research Fellowship. She will support her ongoing project on organically modified metal surfaces for biosensing and beyond. Her research focuses on using boron chemistry to catalyze organic synthesis and materials chemistry.
Researchers have discovered an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a natural insecticide, Spinosyn A, at lower temperatures than previously thought. The new mechanism reveals how the enzyme guides the substrate towards the transition state, resulting in a more energetically balanced reaction.
Case Western Reserve University researchers have developed a metal-free bifunctional electrocatalyst that performs as well or better than most metal and metal oxide electrodes in zinc-air batteries. The carbon-based catalyst works efficiently in both oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions, making the battery rechargeable.
Using quantum chemistry and X-ray spectroscopy, researchers have gained insights into the bonding behavior of iron pentacarbonyl. The study could lead to the development of novel catalysts for chemical storage of solar energy by understanding how photons interact with molecules on ultrafast timescales.
A new chemical process utilizing cerium-based nanometer-sized particles with a palladium catalyst produces cyclohexanone, a key ingredient in nylon production. This method replaces high-temperature and pressure traditional methods, requiring less hydrogen and energy, significantly improving the manufacturing process.
The PNNL Hydrogen Catalysis team received the American Chemical Society's Catalysis Lectureship for Advancing Catalytic Science. Their breakthrough research revolutionized understanding of proton movement, enabling faster and more energy-efficient catalysts.
The presentation focuses on developing novel materials that can prompt reactions in the lab, which could help reduce levels of greenhouse gases. The research aims to mimic nature's chemistry to solve global environmental problems and provide new solutions for industrial applications.
Rutgers University chemists have developed a patent-pending HER catalyst Ni5P4 that has the potential to replace platinum in electrolyzers and fuel cells, lowering material costs while maintaining efficiency. The researchers aim to test the compound's operating stability and efficiency over extended time periods in commercial devices.
A new zirconium-based metal-organic framework (MOF) material has been developed to destroy toxic nerve agents like Soman (GD) and VX, with degradation rates of under three minutes. The material's effectiveness is attributed to its unique zirconium node and porous MOF structure.
Researchers at Cornell University have developed a new thin-film catalyst, Bi2Pt2O7 pyrochlore, which could be a more effective cathode for fuel cells. The material was synthesized using pulsed laser deposition and has shown promising properties for fuel cell applications.
Researchers at the University of British Columbia have created a new technique to make coatings that can conduct electricity or convert it into hydrogen fuels, using a consumer-grade heat lamp.
A team of researchers from Rice University has developed a metal-free aerogel catalyst that outperforms platinum in fuel cells. The new material, made from graphene nanoribbons with boron and nitrogen, provides an abundance of active sites for oxygen reduction reactions.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University have made a major breakthrough in developing a metal-free catalyst that performs as well as costly metal catalysts in an acidic fuel cell. The new carbon-based catalyst corrodes less and is more durable than traditional materials, paving the way for low-cost clean energy production.
Scientists at the University of Tokyo have created a selective catalyst that enables the hydrogenolysis of carbon-oxygen bonds in phenols and aryl methyl ethers, key components of lignin. This breakthrough could lead to the use of plant biomass as a primary feedstock for the chemical industry.
Researchers at TUM create self-assembled catalyst to facilitate terpene cyclization, enabling production of complex compounds like taxol, used in cancer treatment. The breakthrough yields higher yields and improves reaction feasibility.
Researchers developed a single-step synthesis method for nanographenes, overcoming limitations of existing methods. The new reaction enables precise control on the nanometer-scale, making it suitable for next-generation organic electronic devices.
Researchers observed atoms forming a weak bond on the path to molecule creation, with only a small fraction converting to stable products. The study paves the way for more efficient reactions in industries such as energy generation and crop fertilization.
University of Utah scientists develop computational model to predict catalyst performance, allowing for the design of more efficient and selective catalysts. The model uses big data analysis to identify structural features that correlate with reaction selectivity.
The study introduces a novel approach to growing nanowires using metal-alloy catalysts, allowing for more control over their light-emitting and electronic properties. By adjusting the concentration of nickel and gold in the catalyst, researchers can precisely manipulate the orientation of the nanowires.
A team of Caltech chemists has discovered a method to produce silicon-containing organic chemicals without using expensive precious metal catalysts. Potassium tert-butoxide, a cheap and abundant chemical, is more effective at running challenging chemical reactions than state-of-the-art precious metals.
Researchers have discovered holes in the valence bands of nanodiamonds when they are dispersed in water, but not on a solid-state substrate. This discovery suggests that electrons at the surface of nanodiamonds can donate to surrounding water molecules, potentially influencing their chemical and catalytic properties.
Researchers have created an efficient manganese catalyst capable of converting sunlight into chemical energy. The breakthrough, published in the Journal of Materials Chemistry A, paves the way for a continuous and environmentally-friendly storage form of solar energy.
Researchers from MIPT use the USPEX method to predict the structure and properties of rutile's surface. This resolves existing discrepancies between empirical and theoretical data, paving the way for understanding chemical reactions on the catalyst.
Researchers at Ruhr-University Bochum have received €1.5 million ERC funding to develop novel security mechanisms for the Internet of Things and catalyzers for target-specific drug manufacture.
Researchers have found iron-based catalysts for diazo compound transformations, offering a sustainable alternative to precious metals. These iron complexes exhibit unique advantages in specific reactions, including cyclopropanation and enantioselectivity.
The DFG is establishing five new Research Units and four new Humanities Centres for Advanced Studies to tackle pressing issues in various fields. The centres will receive a total of approximately 23.5 million euros over three or four years.
Scientists used theoretical calculations to gain insights into the structure of β-NiOOH, a highly active compound in a nickel oxide catalyst. The research found that the material's mosaic texture and c-axis periodicity are stable tunnel structures that relieve stress between layers.
A new catalytic process converts lignin from plant cell walls into valuable chemical commodities, including fragrance and flavoring ingredients. The process also produces high-octane fuel suitable for use in jets and racecars.
Researchers discovered that enzymes dissipate heat by rapidly accelerating immediately after a reaction, generating a pressure wave called a chemoacoustic wave. This finding explains how proteins cope with the immense heat generated during enzyme reactions without breaking apart.
Computational modeling allows researchers to design efficient and affordable catalysts from gold, reducing the need for large amounts of expensive precious metals. The method has potential impact on energy-and-environment related fields, such as automotive exhaust and hydrogen production.
A new method to produce lactic acid from glycerol, a waste feedstock, has been introduced, reducing CO2 emission by 30% compared to conventional fermentation. The process also lowers production costs, increasing the potential profit by 17-fold.
Researchers at Tufts University have developed new single-atom gold catalysts that demonstrate comparable activity and stability as traditional precious metal nanoparticles. These catalysts show promise for producing high-grade hydrogen for cleaner energy use in fuel-cell powered devices.
Researchers revised classical enzymatic theory by incorporating long-lasting protein-water coupled motions into models of functional catalysis. The study revealed a new biological phenomenon where water motions adapt to substrate binding, critical for effective binding.
Researchers at Northwestern University have developed a method to isolate atomically thin sheets of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), a promising material for optoelectronics and electronics. The process uses copolymer-assisted gradient ultracentrifugation, allowing for scalable isolation of single-layer, bilayer, or trilayer MoS2 sheets.
Researchers have found that using ethanol instead of methanol in biodiesel production increases the speed of reaction, allowing for greater reactor capacity. Heterogeneous catalysts are used to overcome the separation challenges associated with homogeneous catalysts.
Chemists at Scripps Research Institute developed a new method to modify organic compounds, overcoming a major limitation in previous techniques. The technique generates a reactive catalyst at the desired site on a molecule, allowing for the modification of a wide range of chemical structures.
Researchers have successfully developed a room-temperature fuel cell that uses jet fuel and enzymes to produce electricity. The new cells can be used to power portable electronics, off-grid power, and sensors. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient and cost-effective energy solutions.
Rice chemists create a nanoporous film of molybdenum disulfide for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction and energy storage, with potential applications in fuel cells and supercapacitors.
Scientists developed a deeper understanding of ideal mesoporous nanoparticle design to maximize catalytic output. They modeled molecular movement within narrow channels and found that the optimal channel diameter balances pore size with reactant and product passage.
Washington State University researchers develop a new catalyst using inexpensive iron and rare palladium to remove oxygen from plant-based materials, improving biofuel production. The combination increases activity, stability, and selectivity, reducing costs and increasing yields.
A team of researchers has developed a novel catalyst for oxygen reduction in hydrogen fuel cells, which is more efficient and cost-effective than traditional platinum-based catalysts. The catalyst was synthesized using an ordinary kitchen microwave oven, paving the way for sustainable energy production.
Researchers discovered cesium carbonate generates an aggregate state that acts as the starting point for catalytic reactions. This finding has the potential to impact C-H functionalization reactions and catalytic reaction development.
Researchers developed a hybrid catalyst combining graphene quantum dots and graphene oxide, nitrogen, and boron, outperforming commercial platinum-based catalysts in fuel cells. The new material cuts the cost of generating energy with fuel cells, offering a promising solution to the expensive metal hurdle.
A Wayne State research team is developing new, more efficient catalytic materials to reduce energy consumption in chemical conversion systems. The project aims to create multicomponent catalysts that can improve reaction efficiency and reduce unwanted byproducts.
Researchers have discovered a crucial role of electronic and geometric effects in reducing carbon dioxide using gold-copper bimetallic nanoparticles. This breakthrough could lead to unprecedented improvements in electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction.
Gold nanoparticles work as catalysts to speed chemical reactions despite being inert metals. Researchers have now fully understood the role of water in this process, revealing its crucial role as a co-catalyst for transforming carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide.
Research highlights two types of support in meaningful relationships: source of strength (SOS) support, which helps individuals thrive through adversity, and relational catalyst (RC) support, which fosters full participation in life opportunities. Effective support requires responsiveness and sensitivity.
Scientists at Stanford University have developed a low-cost, emissions-free device that uses an ordinary AAA battery to produce hydrogen by water electrolysis. The battery sends an electric current through two electrodes that split liquid water into hydrogen and oxygen gas.
Researchers discovered that water formation in biofuel conversion slows key chemical reactions, forming an impurity that disrupts the process. The study provides scientific principles to speed up biofuel development, benefiting processes that produce biofuels from plants.
The University of California, Davis's STAIR Grant program provides funding and support for innovative research, allowing selected researchers to generate early proof-of-concept models. The four finalists have been awarded $50,000 each to develop their projects into commercial applications.
Scientists have created a new technique to transform methane-emitting landfill gas into hydrogen, which can be used in fuel cells to generate clean electricity. The breakthrough involves using a highly stable catalyst material that prevents carbon deposition, allowing for more efficient production of hydrogen.
A multi-institutional team has resolved a long-unanswered question about how water interacts with metal oxides. The study reveals two dramatically different pictures of water-metal oxide reactions, one forming amorphous networks on smooth surfaces and the other creating structured domains on hydroxylated surfaces.
Researchers at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin discovered that gold nanoparticles can form small clusters in a solvent made from chicken feed and urea, which enables efficient catalytic reactions. The particles arrange themselves into groups of up to twelve nanoparticles with average diameter of five nanometres.
Researchers develop a novel fuel cell design that protects sensitive catalysts using a redox hydrogel. This shield prevents deactivation caused by oxygen and extreme electrical potentials, allowing for efficient and long-term energy conversion. The breakthrough has major implications for the development of sustainable energy solutions.
Scientists at Brookhaven National Laboratory have discovered a new catalytic system for converting carbon dioxide to methanol. The catalyst, composed of copper and ceria nanoparticles, reveals highly reactive sites forming at their interface, enabling the conversion of normally unreactive CO2.
Researchers have synthesized a catalyst that improves their system for converting waste carbon dioxide into syngas, a precursor of gasoline and other energy-rich products. The new catalyst uses molybdenum disulfide and an ionic liquid to reduce carbon dioxide in a chemical reaction, improving efficiency and lowering cost.
Yushan Yan's research team has developed a method to create crystalline porous polymers with large pores and excellent thermal stability. These materials have potential applications in catalysis, separations and energy storage, offering new possibilities for the chemical and petroleum industries.